Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, ecology

10-17

Authors: M. M. Vinichuk

The content of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in fractions of soil edaphosphere, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, fungal mycelium and fruit bodies were investigated. The concentrations of thorium in edaphosphere and rhizosphere fractions and mycelia of fungi are not different significantly and vary in the range of 0.74–1.45 mg kg–1 dry matter. The concentration of thorium in the rhizoplane fraction is 4 times lower than in the bulk soil – edaphosphere. The concentrations of uranium in edaphosphere, rhizosphere and rhizoplane fractions and fungi mycelium are not significantly different and vary between 3.11 and 9.36 mg kg–1 dry matter. The content of the studied natural isotopes in fruit bodies of fungi is 270 times lower than in the bulk soil: biological absorption coefficients of uranium and thorium in fruit bodies are on average 0.035 and 0.006, respectively. The contents of thorium and uranium in fungal mycelium and fruit bodies increase with increasing their concentrations in the soil. It is shown that in the fungi mycelium of the upper (0–5 cm) layer of forest soil can be allocated 2.0–5.0 and 1.4–2.7 % of the total thorium and uranium soil content, respectively.

25-29

Authors: I. V. Zhernosekova

The rise of biosynthesis activity of the strain Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 induced by vegetable oil was established. When cultivating the streptomycetes in the mixed medium (glucose and sunflower oil) the maximum biomass accumulation and staphylolytic enzymes’ activity of the strain 2P-15 increased by 19 and 20 % respectively in comparison with the streptomycetes grown in the medium of glucose and olive oil. The concentration of exogenic protein was also 9 times more for glucose and sunflower oil substrate. Monosubstrate of sunflower or olive oil didn’t increase the biosynthetic activity of the strain. However, the maximal indices were higher for sunflower oil than for olive one.

38-45

Authors: L. M. Mykhalska, V. V. Shvartau

The effect of foliar treatment with herbicides Derby and Axial and amide nitrogen on the elements accumulation by winter wheat was studied. The simultaneous applying of Derby and Axial with carbamide contributed to higher accumulation of the trace elements – components of plants redox-system (iron and copper) as well as magnesium, potassium and boron which are important for the development of integrated systems of protection and nutrition of cultural plant.

57-63

Authors: Productivity of poic plant communities of the left bank forest-steppe of Ukraine

Research results on the productivity of different types of poic plant communities of the left bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is shown that the accumulation of aboveground mass depends on the type of a meadow, its part and weather conditions. The accumulation rate can be divided into three groups. Most of the studied meadowshad the mean value of aboveground mass: ahalf of water meadows and from a third to a half of upland and lowlandmeadows. The conservation status and reducing the economic burden increase the productivity.

71-75

Authors: А. S. Rossikhina-Galycha, L. V. Boguslavskaja, V. V. Lashko

The sensitivity of winter wheat variety “Zemljachka” to the action of herbicides Granstar, Esteron, Grodil Maxi and Puma Super was investigated. It is established that the herbicide treatment of crops suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mature wheat grain: superoxide dismutase – by 1.7–4.8 times, and peroxidase – 1.2–1.4 times. The changes in catalase activity were reliable, but insignificant. Under the action of herbicides the qualitative changes in polypeptide composition of the grains were found. For polypeptides with the Mr 14.8, 15.2 (except Grodil Maxi) and 20.0 kDa was determined a steady increase in content in comparison with the control. Revealed complex changes are the result of the restoration and maintenance of the plant homeostasis.

80-88

Authors: Y. M. Sytnik, P. G. Shevchenko, R. A. Novitsky, A. V. Podobaylo, S. M. Salyi

It was studied the fish species of the upper part of Kaniv reservoir (Kyiv water area) and the mouth area of the Desna River. The found and preceding data of ichthyological research were compared. The changes in the fish population were analyzed. Two new invasive alien fish species were discovered in the Kaniv reservoir and Desna River: Amur sleeper (Perccotus glenii) and Stone moroco (Pseudorasdora parva). Generally the ichthyofauna composition of these water bodies was supplemented with seven unmarketable and dirt species.

101-107

Authors: V. P. Chekalov

The appropriateness of using the coefficient of temperature correction for the censuring of bacteria in natural conditions, including polar zone water areas, is considered. The numbers of potentially viable and physiologically active microflora in the warm period of year usually coincide. Only one cell in a hundred can be active under conditions of the lower temperature. As a rule, the cultivation of bacterial inoculations at temperatures (+20…+25 °С) which uncharacteristic for a cold season gives the skewed results. A percentage ratio of the number of colonies firstly found out visually under “cold” incubation to the number of colonies of mesophilic forms at the same time lag is proposed to use as a correction coefficient. The modified iron-sulfite agar (Wilson-Blair nutrient medium) is offered for research of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial community.

3-12

Authors: V. V. Brygadyrenko, L. I. Faly, K. G. Yakimets’

Species community of invertebratesin 10 antropogenically transformed ecosystems on the territory of Tunel’na gully (south-west part of Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine) is investigated. The plant cover of sample areas is shortly described. Taxonomic and ecomorphical structure, indices of biological diversity of litter invertebrate communities are analysed. The invertebrate species inhabited the Tunel’na gully and listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and Dnepropetrovsk province are described. The value of the inspected territory for the conservation of rare and endangered animal species is underlined.The creationof new nature protected reservationin theTunel’na gully is proposed.

23-27

Authors: V. А. Demchenko

The paper analyses the long-term dynamics of commercial fishing in the Azov Sea. Three stages of the fish catch assessed by its volume and causes of significant fluctuations of the total catch were defined. It is shown, that the main trend in the commercial fishing is its significant annual reduction. It is also shown the necessity of implementation of effective nature protective and management measures for increasing fish resources in the Azov Sea.

34-42

Authors: V. M. Karbovska, I. Y. Kostikov

Morophological and molecular genetic analyses of green alga Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess (authentic strain), which represents the taxonomically critical species, the phenotypic similarity and phylogenetic close relation with the genus Diplosphaera Bialosuknia were foundbutthe significant difference from the genus Chlorella Bejerink was demonstrated. Discovery of new morphological features (presence of vegetative division, the ability to dyads and packages forming, as well as external mucous structures) indicates the position of Ch. sphaerica within the genus Diplosphaera. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of non-coding regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear-encoding ribosomal gene cluster confirms this conclusion. Based on these data the new nomenclature combination is suggested: Diplosphaera sphaerica (Tschermak-Woess) Karbovska et Kostikov, comb. nova (basionym: Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess).

48-54

Authors: О. V. Korolev, V. V. Brygadyrenko

The features of interrelations of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) with the soil and litter mesofauna species are considered. In the conditions of forest ecosystems of steppe Dnieper region P. melanarius demonstrates trophic preference for І order zoofagoes (body mass 8.0–31.9 mg) and also sapro- and phytofagoes (more than 128 mg of body mass). P. melanarius is able to change the trophic load between invertebrates’ populations depending on their number in the ecosystem. In comparison with the other ground beetle species, the P. melanarius has an extraordinarily wide trophic niche. That is one of principal reasons of the high quantity of P. melanarius in many anthropogenic and transformed ecosystems.

60-65

Authors: U.V. Legeta, D.G. Gavryloe

Seasonal changes of the content of dissolved oxygen in the surface water of the Small Siret river have been analyzed. Significant contributions of Ukrainian scientists (Chernega, Yushchenko, Yavkin) in the development of certain aspects of the subject have been outlined. The indication methods of the background and unique territories (the benchmark for the monitoring of the Small Siret river basin) have been proposed and tested.

78-83

Authors: O. P. Pryimak

Influence of acid gases and lead ions on the vegetative organs of decorative plants has been studied in a model experiment. The morphometric indices of stem and assimilative apparatus are considered. Changes of the plants height and assimilating area are described. The damage of plants’ sprouts was found. The phytotoxic effect of SO2, NO2 and lead ions on the growth and development of the above-ground organs was determined. The Tagetes patula L. is a resistant to the action of acid gases and lead ions. Calendula officinalis L., Salvia splendens L. and Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. were determined to be most sensitive to the influence of by SO2, NO2 and Pb2+ respectively.

92-99

Authors: D. V. Skvortsova, A. G. Trokhymenko

An optimal concentration of the microbiological preparation «Tamir» was determined for the effective purufication process of the sewage.The factors influencing the process and the time history of the major chemical and bacteriological parameters in the samples are discussed. The preparation exterminates pathogenic bacteria in the water, deodorizes the air, increases the efficiency of the treatment facilities. It is supposed that the «Tamir» use would be economically sound.

107-111

Authors: I. A. Stolbunov

Species composition, distribution and abundance of fish in the pelagic and littoral zone of four reservoirs of Central Vietnam (Suoi Chau, Kam Lam, Da Ban and Suoi Dau)were studied first. According to the research data the fish community of the reservoirs is represented by 43 species of 19 fish families.

119-123

Authors: I. A. Stolbunov, I. V. Shlyapkin

The daily dynamics of fish diversity and density aggregations in different riparian habitats of the reservoir Kam Lam and its tributary mouth – the river Suoi Coc (Central Vietnam) were studied. We found the change of species number and its percentage redistribution in the aggregations over the entire circadian period in the different types of habitats. It is noted that in the night the fish species diversity of littoral aggregations increased.

131-138

Authors: V. N. Trokhymets, M. V. Sydorenko, A. V. Podobaylo

The ecological-faunistic analysis of the littoral zooplankton of the middle part of the Uday River has been performed for the first time. The research was conducted to confirm a reason to create the National Nature Park «Pyriatynskiy» in this region. The species diversity of the littoral zooplankton obtained from six scientific stations on the Uday River was established. The specific features of the zooplankton’s distribution in biotopes in summer days were revealed. The comparative description of biotopical distribution of zooplankton of different stations is presented. The basic ecological indices of zooplankton populations (density and biomass) were determined.