Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, ecology

3-8

Authors: O. O. Galyns’ky, A. S. Trushenko, V. O. Galyns’ky, O. V. Severynovs’ka, A. I. Rudenko

The features of ultradian rhythms of the stomach and duodenum of rats under different time spans of blocking NO-synthase and the associated disturbance of regulatory mechanisms have been investigated. The functional relationship between changes in the МEA of stomach and duodenum, as well as the morphological status of the mucous membrane under disturbance of the nitric monoxide synthesis have been established. Each time blocking NO-ergic system caused an increase in motor performance index of the stomach and duodenum by 16.8 % and 42.4 % respectively (p < 0.05). On the sixth day of the NO deficiency, the motor index was noted to increase 1.5 times (p < 0.05), the duodenum rhythm imposed on stomach. It was accompanied by the duodenogastric reflux. On the twelfth day of NO deficit the reduction of the stomach and duodenum motor indices was noted, as compared with a control. It indicated exhaustion of adaptive-compensatory mechanisms. It is advisable to use of data obtained in the pathophysiology and in the medical practice.

25-33

Authors: I. V. Kushkevych, S. O. Hnatush, H. V. Mutenko

The highest catalase activity (42.67×10–2 μM×min–1×mg–1 of protein) in the cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Ya-11 has been observed under the prolonged Pb(NO3)2 influence. In the presence of other heavy metals’ salts it has been changed in dependence on their concentrations and growth duration. Based on our research data the row of heavy metals’ salts by its influence on D. desulfuricans Ya-11 catalase activity has been formed at first: Pb(NO3)2 > CuCl2 > CdCl2 > ZnCl2. The highest superoxide dismutase activity (61.52×10–2 μM×min–1×mg–1 of protein) has been observed under the prolonged ZnCl2 influence. In the presence of other heavy metals’ salts this enzyme’s activity increased with increasing the salts’ concentrations. Based on our According to our results, the row of heavy metals’ salts influence on D. desulfuricans Ya-11 superoxide dismutase activity has been formed at first: ZnCl2 > Pb(NO3)2 > CuCl2 > CdCl2.

39-45

Authors: K. O. Moroz

The functional asymmetry of the nervous system of insects was studied on an example of two taxonomically and ecologically closed darkling beetles: Anatolica eremita (Steven, 1829) and Tentiria nomas taurica (Pallas, 1781). Species-specificity of motor-spatial asymmetry is revealed for imago of these species. Spatial differentiation of specimens’ movement for “right-handers”, “left-handers” and “ambidexters” with different degree of the sign display was investigated. Fluctuations and distributing of values of the asymmetry ratio for both species of the darkling beetles were determined. Influence of the first priority of the locomotion direction on further orientational manifestations was analysed.

54-60

Authors: L. D. Orlova

The intensity of respiration of poic species of Magnoliopsida 14 families (Dycotyledons) class and 2 families of Liliopsida (Monocotyledons) class was studied. The variation limits of that value were from 0.1 up to 1.54 mg С02/g of wet weight per hour. The most species had the respiration intensity at a level of 0.21–0.59 mg С02⁄g of wwt per hour. It was found that the annual species had low and medium values as well as the xerophytic species. It depends on the environmental conditions and a phase of ontogeny.

69-75

Authors: I. S. Pozynych, A. G. Savitska

Information about the landscape reserve of statewide value «Grofa» is presented. The floristic composition of forest and meadow associations of the reserve has been investigated. Typical and rare species for these phytocenoses have been revealed. The rare species and plants from the Red Data Book have been described. As a results of our investigation 117 species (87 Bryophyta and 30 Marshantiophyta) have been recorded. Species representation of bryophytes in widespread communities has been described.

81-86

Authors: V. S. Pushkar

In the forest ecosystems of Gorgany Mountains 11 endemic carabids are found. It is about 12.2 % of all ground-beetles fauna of the investigated region. As a result of the morphometric analysis the life forms of endemic carabids are determined. The system of ground beetles’ life forms developed by I. Sharova (1981) is supplemented. All endemics we have rated among 1 class (Zoophages), 2 subclasses (Epigeobionts, Stratobionts) and 5 life forms. The analysis of the carabid beetles’ life form spectrum in the forest ecosystems of Gorgany mountains attests to their broad settlement of ecological niches in the investigated region.

94-100

Authors: I. A. Smirnova, V. I. Domnich, A. A. Nicolchenko

Research of Canis lupus L. appearance on the territory of the Crimean peninsula is carried out. Historical and modern descriptions of quantitative composition of the population are analysed. The basic centers of wolves concentrations are determined. The food ration and conditions influencing on the species distribution are investigated. It is proved that wolf in the Crimea has spread up to the territory of foothills.

106-111

Authors: V. N. Stolbunova, I. A. Stolbunov

Species composition, dominant species and quantitative characteristics of zooplankton in different habitats of the littoral shallow part of the Rybinsk Reservoir were studied at the end of august 2009. In the structure of zooplankton community 75 taxa have been found among which crustaceans are prevailed. The most of them belong to littoral forms. The highest values of abundance and biomass of zooplankton and density accumulation of young fish are recorded in mouth parts of rivers inflowing the reservoir.

119-122

Authors: V. V. Tsyupko

Influence of the lactation stage on cow milk’s fatty acids composition has been studied. The lactation stage has influence on the content of biologically valuable unsaturated myristoleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Other fatty acids are relatively stable.

3-9

Authors: O. M. Alekseenko, T. M. Polishko, A. I. Vinnikov

We present the literature review describing food, medicinal and ecological properties of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). It is shown that the mushroom is adequate foodstuff for human beings. It provides with proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral salts. Protein of the oyster mushrooms’ mycothallus contains 18 amino acids, eight of which were essential (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, and valine). Therapeutic value of the mushroom is characterised by a content of water-soluble (thiamine B1, riboflavin B2, niacin, B5, PP, pyridoxine B6, biotin B7, ascorbic and pantothenic acid) and liposoluble (calciferol, ergosterol, tocopherol) vitamins. The considerable gains from the farm wastes use for the mushrooms raising with subsequent application of the substrate in plant cultivation and animal husbandry are stated.

15-19

Authors: O. A. Dregval, N. V. Cherevach, A. I. Vinnikov

The paper deals with the influence of medium pH and aeration rate on growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis and Вeauveria bassiana, which are main constituents of the complex microbial insecticide. It was established optimal medium pH for B. thuringiensis – 6.0 and for В. bassiana – 6.0–7.0. The maximum productivity of the studied microorganisms was observed in the same range of aeration – 7– 14 mmol O2/l/h. The selected conditions of cultivation are necessary for the production of complex biological insecticide based on the association of B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana.

29-36

Authors: A. V. Zhukov, I. V. Lіadskaya

The results of the primary productivity investigation of agrobiogeocoenoses in different edaphic condition of reclamated soil have been presented. The spatial variability of the plant community biomass has been shown by means of GIS-approaches. By means of regression analysis the dependence of the phytomass on edaphic factors, such as aggregate composition and humus content, have been quantitatively assessed. The data obtained reveal that the rise of the soil aggregate with size of more than 3 mm leads to primary production increase of agrobiogeocenoses in the recultivated areas.

42-51

Authors: V. V. Kachinskaya

The structure and biological diversity of ground mesofauna on a consortium level of organisation of ecosystems are considered. Indicators of structural organisation and biodiversity of ground mesofauna were analised in Ulmus and Populus consortia in the conditions of industrial territories of mining and smelting complex of Krivyi Rig Basin. It is established that taxonomical structure of ground mesofauna is characterised by insignificant number and quantity of taxonomical groups. Prevalence of hortobionts and herpetobionts in morpho-ecological structure of the community testifies to their attachment to consortium’s determinants and influence of steppe climate on its structure. Dominance of phytophages and polyphages in trophic structure is caused by a combination of consortium determinants specificity and «a zone source» of the fauna formations. The structural organisation of ground mesofauna in consortia of Ulmus and Populus in the conditions of industrial sites is characterised by simplified taxonomical structure with low biodiversity at all levels.

58-66

Authors: T. М. Konovalova, A. V. Zhukov, A. Y. Pakhomov

The results of the investigation of the impact of the mole rat’s activity on soil electric conductivity have been presented. GIS-technology have been shown to be effective for assessment of the pedoturbation activity effect on the soil surface heterogeneity formation. Method of the one-dimension spatial coordinated array transformation into matrix form has been proposed for following multidimension statistic analysis application. The quantity estimation of the mole rats role in formation of the habitat nanorelief-level diversity has been obtained by means of indexes of the landscape complexity and diversity.

73-85

Authors: О. V. Korolev

The specific trophic preferences of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger, 1798) as one of the mass ground litter zoophages of Steppe Dnieper area forests are investigated. Taxonomic, size-weight, trophic and coenomorphic structures of potential food objects offered to the P. melanarius were analysed. P. melanarius choice criteria of potential food objects were established: hardness of exoskeleton and size of victims and also victim’s ability for fast moving.

92-97

Authors: М. G. Malik

The possibility to use the molecular cytoskeletal marker – glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) extracted from the fish brain – for conducting ichthyotoxicological research is analysed. It has been proved that histotypespecific proteins are positively sensitive to the influence of the various adverse factors upon a fish organism. The findings allow considering the glial cells’ cytoskeleton state as reliable and authentic marker.

110-116

Authors: N. A. Sitnik

Regularities of growth and dynamics of balance constituents of the energy budget of the flat oyster larvae in development are investigated. It is shown, that the linear growth in early ontogenesis is described by the exponential equation with high accuracy. Parameters of the functions connecting length, height and weight of larvae are defined. The quantitative characteristic of the energy balance elements of oysters larvae is given. It is shown, that during development from a veliger stage to a pediveliger the energy expenditures for growth, metabolism and nutriment assimilation increase more than 10 times. Net efficiency of larvae growth (coefficient К2) varies within 61.6–62.8 % during development, and the magnitude of a specific daily ration of oyster larvae equals 32–35 % of the energy equivalent of body weight.