Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, ecology

10-17

Authors: M. M. Vinichuk

The content of thorium (Th) and uranium (U) in fractions of soil edaphosphere, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, fungal mycelium and fruit bodies were investigated. The concentrations of thorium in edaphosphere and rhizosphere fractions and mycelia of fungi are not different significantly and vary in the range of 0.74–1.45 mg kg–1 dry matter. The concentration of thorium in the rhizoplane fraction is 4 times lower than in the bulk soil – edaphosphere. The concentrations of uranium in edaphosphere, rhizosphere and rhizoplane fractions and fungi mycelium are not significantly different and vary between 3.11 and 9.36 mg kg–1 dry matter. The content of the studied natural isotopes in fruit bodies of fungi is 270 times lower than in the bulk soil: biological absorption coefficients of uranium and thorium in fruit bodies are on average 0.035 and 0.006, respectively. The contents of thorium and uranium in fungal mycelium and fruit bodies increase with increasing their concentrations in the soil. It is shown that in the fungi mycelium of the upper (0–5 cm) layer of forest soil can be allocated 2.0–5.0 and 1.4–2.7 % of the total thorium and uranium soil content, respectively.

25-29

Authors: I. V. Zhernosekova

The rise of biosynthesis activity of the strain Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2Р-15 induced by vegetable oil was established. When cultivating the streptomycetes in the mixed medium (glucose and sunflower oil) the maximum biomass accumulation and staphylolytic enzymes’ activity of the strain 2P-15 increased by 19 and 20 % respectively in comparison with the streptomycetes grown in the medium of glucose and olive oil. The concentration of exogenic protein was also 9 times more for glucose and sunflower oil substrate. Monosubstrate of sunflower or olive oil didn’t increase the biosynthetic activity of the strain. However, the maximal indices were higher for sunflower oil than for olive one.

38-45

Authors: L. M. Mykhalska, V. V. Shvartau

The effect of foliar treatment with herbicides Derby and Axial and amide nitrogen on the elements accumulation by winter wheat was studied. The simultaneous applying of Derby and Axial with carbamide contributed to higher accumulation of the trace elements – components of plants redox-system (iron and copper) as well as magnesium, potassium and boron which are important for the development of integrated systems of protection and nutrition of cultural plant.

57-63

Authors: Productivity of poic plant communities of the left bank forest-steppe of Ukraine

Research results on the productivity of different types of poic plant communities of the left bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is shown that the accumulation of aboveground mass depends on the type of a meadow, its part and weather conditions. The accumulation rate can be divided into three groups. Most of the studied meadowshad the mean value of aboveground mass: ahalf of water meadows and from a third to a half of upland and lowlandmeadows. The conservation status and reducing the economic burden increase the productivity.

71-75

Authors: А. S. Rossikhina-Galycha, L. V. Boguslavskaja, V. V. Lashko

The sensitivity of winter wheat variety “Zemljachka” to the action of herbicides Granstar, Esteron, Grodil Maxi and Puma Super was investigated. It is established that the herbicide treatment of crops suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mature wheat grain: superoxide dismutase – by 1.7–4.8 times, and peroxidase – 1.2–1.4 times. The changes in catalase activity were reliable, but insignificant. Under the action of herbicides the qualitative changes in polypeptide composition of the grains were found. For polypeptides with the Mr 14.8, 15.2 (except Grodil Maxi) and 20.0 kDa was determined a steady increase in content in comparison with the control. Revealed complex changes are the result of the restoration and maintenance of the plant homeostasis.

80-88

Authors: Y. M. Sytnik, P. G. Shevchenko, R. A. Novitsky, A. V. Podobaylo, S. M. Salyi

It was studied the fish species of the upper part of Kaniv reservoir (Kyiv water area) and the mouth area of the Desna River. The found and preceding data of ichthyological research were compared. The changes in the fish population were analyzed. Two new invasive alien fish species were discovered in the Kaniv reservoir and Desna River: Amur sleeper (Perccotus glenii) and Stone moroco (Pseudorasdora parva). Generally the ichthyofauna composition of these water bodies was supplemented with seven unmarketable and dirt species.

101-107

Authors: V. P. Chekalov

The appropriateness of using the coefficient of temperature correction for the censuring of bacteria in natural conditions, including polar zone water areas, is considered. The numbers of potentially viable and physiologically active microflora in the warm period of year usually coincide. Only one cell in a hundred can be active under conditions of the lower temperature. As a rule, the cultivation of bacterial inoculations at temperatures (+20…+25 °С) which uncharacteristic for a cold season gives the skewed results. A percentage ratio of the number of colonies firstly found out visually under “cold” incubation to the number of colonies of mesophilic forms at the same time lag is proposed to use as a correction coefficient. The modified iron-sulfite agar (Wilson-Blair nutrient medium) is offered for research of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial community.