Black Sea Scientific Journal of Academic research

28-31

Authors: Tatiana Grigorievna Yerich

The questions of legislative support activities of Russian Orthodox Church in the field of spiritual education of the XVIII century, the edicts of the tsarist government on expanding the network of spiritual education, unification of periods of study and training programs are analyzed. One of the first orders of power on questions of spiritual education was published in 1721 the Tsar's manifest confirmed "Charter of spiritual college". In the division of "Matter of bishops" to the questions of organization of spiritual education a point № was devoted 9: "... velmi do vipravlennya tserkvi korisno e tse, schob usyak episkop mav u budinku, abo pri budinku svoemu shkolu, dlya dItey svyaschenitskih, abo v inshih, v nadiyu svyaschenstva viznachenih". In addition, the whole division directly sanctified to the questions of organization of spiritual education in an empire was situated in the same document - "koli nemae svitla vchennya, ne mozhna buti dobromu tserkvi povedintsi. Bo vchennya dobre i gruntovne e vsyakoyi koristi, yak vitchizni, tak i tserkvi". Objects that had to be taught in church schools and seminaries were determined in a charter, principles and aims of educating, authority of teachers and school administration registered. Actually this was the first legislative act that regulated the questions of church education in the Russian empire. Post mortem Peter of І there is some weakening attention to the questions of the education. Desire to unify approaches and principles of primary and middle education from the side of the state, and similarly negligible quantity of teachers and students, resulted in appearance in 1726 governmental order on that control after all existent schools in an empire came true by Sacred Synod. Thus, spiritual education in the Russian empire ХVІІІ a century was under a strict supervision from the side of the state. During one hundred years the Russian emperors personally controlled becoming and development of spiritually-educational establishments in a country. When society education existed only in an embryonic form, exactly parish schools, theological seminaries and academies made basis of the state educational system.

38-42

Authors: Morocco Vladislav V.

PARTY OF REGIONS: FROM THE PARTY IN POWER UNTIL THE "PARTY OF POWER" (2002-2004) Morocco Vladislav V. Institute for History Education National Pedagogical University MPDragomanov (Kyiv), Ph.D. in History, Ph.D. Department of History and Archaeology Institute of Slavic History Education National Pedagogical University. MPDragomanov (Ukraine) E-mail: vladmoroko@ukr.net ABSTRACT The process of the Party of regions’ creation as the party in power analyzed. The period between 2002 and 2004 was selected for the analysis. At this particular time the next forceful ”party in power” stands out from the Pro-government political Union “For United Ukraine!” The article considers the mechanisms of usage of mobilization and electoral potential of the political party for the purpose of preservation a certain elite group in power. Meaningful words of the party’s program documents are examined in a span of time. The lack of clear ideological postulate of this association and its pursuit of social and humanitarian populism is pointed out. It is recommended to see the reasons of “orange” revolution in the commanding claims of regional manufacturing/industrial and administrative elite, which has faced the authoritarian ambition of the acting president. The crystallization process of the new, industrially and geographically colored group of officials is shown.

47-51

Authors: Lenara S. Adjiyeva

The second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century for Crimea were associated with formation and consolidation of capitalist relations. These processes have found reflection in the successful development of agriculture of peninsula. The wine-making were good developed. During the studied time it’s become to industry, wine production increased more than 4.5 times, the industry has become a lucrative article of Crimean economy. Despite the importance of winemaking, the historical aspect of this question is still little known in science. East war has become a serious challenge to social and economic development of the Crimea. the agricultural sector fell into disrepair. If at the beginning of the war in 1853 at Tavriyska province produced 429.7 thousand buckets (about 10 liters) of wine, in the 1857 production level dropped nearly tripled to 149.83 thousand. In 1867 were achieved 88.2% of the prewar level of wine production. New and restored plantations began to appear on the outskirts of Simferopol, Sevastopol and Balaklava, valleys of Belbek, Kacha, Alma, Black, Bulganak. The specialists of the Department of Agriculture in Crimea in 1860-1870's systematically monitor the development of winemaking and research in this area, develop proposals for the creation of markets for grapes and wine, establishing to make analyzes of chemical composition of wines and more. On the peninsula were introduced advanced technology of wine production : from grape varieties of Semillon, Sovinyon, Sersial, Erimitazh, Nebbiolo-bianno, Russap, Verdi White, Cabernet, Saperavi, Malvasia, Zantskyy White, Pinot Black were created and launched production of strong-type wines like Madeira, liqueurs, sweet, champagne and other. The major supplier of Crimean wine in the 1860s became the cellar "Magarach". Here were created good quality wines with steady flavor characteristics: "Nikitskoye krepkoe", "Beloe iz maderskih loz", "Krasnoe krepkoe iz maderskih loz", "Stolovoe beloe magapachskoe", "Stolovoe beloe Nikitskoe" etc. With the laying of railways in 1874, that stretched first to Simferopol, and a year later in Sebastopol, were revived trade, increased exports of wine on the domestic markets of the empire (the central part of the Volga, Siberia). By the mid-1870s on the peninsula amount of annual wine production were brought to 600 thousand buckets, of which 250 thousand were in the Southern coast of Crimea. The increasing of the area under vineyards on the peninsula made it possible to conduct industrial winemaking. Massandra and "Magarach", great wineries, dealers and wine cellars became the centers of industrial winemaking, like: Gubonin in Gurzufe, Tokmakov-Molotkov in Alushta, Tayurskiy in Castel, S. Vorontsov, Keller in Partenit, Beketov near Alushta, which gained wide fame and worldwide recognition. In the 1870-1890's the market demand for wine prompted the owners to expand the area of vineyards. Over these years, they increased by 26% (in most large landowners), and the volume of wine production increased from 1 to 1.3 million buckets. It was 8% of the total empire wine production. In 1893 were sold wine almost 3.3 million rubles, and exports of Crimean wine in 1899 was 200 thousand buckets. In the beginning of the XX century the situation escalated cause of the crisis through the lean years, weak demand, monopolizing of the production and widespread falsification of wine. In 1903-1914's the wine production increased 1.5 times and reached 2 million buckets of wine for a total of 3 million rubles. In Crimea in the second half of the XIX – in the beginning of the XX century were approved the commercial wine-making. Being a predominantly agricultural area, the peninsula has become one of the most advanced capitalist regions of the empire. Here were intertwined modernization processes in economics and pre-capitalist and traditional forms of management. The introduction of advanced scientific thought in the production, contributed to the improvement of quality wine production, its recognition in Europe and the world, strengthening the authority of the peninsula as a center of the wine business.

58-64

Authors: Marina N. Davydenko

Based on the scientific works and memoires of contemporaries of academician of USSR AS А.М. Hrodzynskyi and materials of his personal archive, the background for the development of his scientific school and the main areas of his activity, as well as that of his students and followers and their contribution to the development of botanic science in Ukraine and world were studied. А.М. Hrodzynskyi substantiated a number of new scientific areas in allelopathic science, laying foundation for further studies in this field: explaining the mechanism of soil fatigue, choosing components in mixed crops, biofield and allelopathy, biosampling skills, phytosanitation, allelopathic tension and activity, soil biochemical activity, plant absorption of biologically active substances, plant residues, forest floor, stimulating properties of weeds, confinedness of weeds to cultivated plants etc. It did not only lay foundation for native allelopathic school, which developed its activity after grounding of Specialized Commission for defence of theses in specialities “Botany” and “Plant physiology” in Central republican botanic garden of AS of USSR, initiated by А.М. Hrodzynskyi. Under scientific supervision of А.М. Hrodzynskyi and his students over 50 Candidate’s and 5 Doctor’s dissertations were defended. Among his students and followers are famous scientists in the field allelopathy N.I. Prutenska, L.D. Yurchak, P.A. Moroz, E.A. Golovko, M.M. Matveev, director of the park «Alexandria» S.I. Galkin, director of the park «Trostianets» O.O. Ilienko and others. А.М. Hrodzynskyi was a man of wide range of interests. He initiated research in the field of space botany. Under the leadership of А.М. Hrodzynskyi was protected first in the Soviet Union dissertation of fitodesign. Fruitful cooperation of the scientist and his students with foreign colleagues stimulated further overseas studies of this area. In 1994, with the assistance of one of the devoted followers of academician А.М. Hrodzynskyi’s ideas – Е.А. Holovko, International allelopathic society was founded, which united experts from about 50 countries of the world, and results of allelopathy studies, which found the most intensive development in Ukraine in 1970–1980 and were connected with А.М. Hrodzynskyi’s name, are widely performed in different countries, especially those having export oriented agriculture and forestry.

72-75

Authors: Straihorodska Liudmyla

Based on the studied and reviewed documentary sources and scientific articles the organizational, as well as scientific and pedagogical activity of W. O. Poggenpohl is covered. The scientist started his laborite activity in Uman College of agriculture (Ukraine) on the position of a natural studies teacher. During his whole life he intensively and skillfully combined his own scientific work and pedagogical activity. At direction’s behest, W. О. Poggenpohl performed extensive work on organization of Don secondary agricultural college (Russian Federation). In this educational school he fulfilled the responsibilities of director and inspector, further he was elected as professor. The organization of such college was extremely important for the development of education and agriculture. On passing different stages of reorganization: from technical school, institute to Don state agricultural university, – this institution of higher education fulfills now the most important tasks of agricultural sector. Its main target today is to prepare highly qualified specialists in agriculture. W. О. Poggenpohl devoted 50 years of his life to scientific and pedagogical activity. His students remember him to be an exacting teacher and a talented tutor. He organized meteorological stations, which were good educational and practical facility for students’ training. For some time W. О. Poggenpohl was a member of Scientific council and Service commission of the university, the head of Physical and mechanical subject commission. W. О. Poggenpohl took active part in scientific meetings and associations. He made speeches, presented the results of his own observations, which were notable for completeness, accuracy and originality. Significant contribution and scientific achievements of W. О. Poggenpohl in the field of climatology, meteorology and phenology are substantiated. As meteorologist he determined the climatic data of the area, studied monthly and annual average values of atmospheric pressure, wind direction and force, relative humidity, cloudiness and precipitation. Beside the created summary tables, based on weather results, some graphs of decade amount of precipitation and identified probable drought periods, published by the scientist, were of especial importance. This article gives comprehensive coverage to the Russian period in scientific and pedagogical work, as well as research activity of W. O. Poggenpohl – native scientist, famous meteorologist, climatologist and phenologist. Key words: W. О. Poggenpohl, scientific and pedagogical activity, education, Don secondary agricultural college, Don Institute of agriculture and melioration, meteorology, climatology.

92-99

Authors: Usatenko Oksana Nikolaevna

ABSTRACT The methodology of this research is the psychodynamic theory, developed by аcademician NAPS of Ukraine T. S. Yatsenko. The specificity of mental reality is the integrity of the conscious and unconscious spheres, despite their autonomy and contradictory unity. The problem of mental deep-laid cognition provides a disclosure as functional features of the unconscious as instrumental aspects of objectifying relationships between two abovementioned spheres. Solving the alleged problem requires the formation of methodological principles of deep cognition of the psyche. There is a task of the deep cognition to disclose causes of violation of the interrelations between the conscious and unconscious, their mismatching at deep-laid levels that causes personal problems of the subject. The mismatching areas of the psyche are masked by psychological defenses in their basal and situational (peripheral) manifestations. The above is of particular importance to the training of practical psychologists. A necessary condition for the formation of professional psychologists practitioners believe their personal psycho-correction, aimed at identifying the depth- psychological foundations of personal problems, degrades the interaction with other people. Psychological maturity psychologist associated with the ability to transform itself into an object of research that contributes to the depth of reflection infantile origins of personal issues, the analysis and understanding of his own life "programs" own psyche, determined childhood. In this regard, training of practicing psychologists, in addition to traditional academic teaching methods requires a specific methodological support that is associated with psycho correction practice. The possibility of using the reception of psychoanalytic work with the mask, allowing the development of reflection of future psychologists. Shown in the empirical material of deep psycho-correction with future practical psychologists objectifies as a mask in the knowledge of the psyche. Disclosed semantics mind using a mask associated with a sense of inferiority generated by the oedipal relationship. Based on the author's figures, toys revealed archetypical character mask, which is confirmed by the analysis of the historical, cultural and biological perspectives mask.