Asian Journal of Chemistry

727-732

Authors: Harish Sharma*, Rajesh Kumar*, Mahesh Chandra Vishwakarma, Sushil Kumar Joshi and Narender Singh Bhandari

In present study, Pyras pashia leaves were used as low cost biosorbent to study biosorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from contaminated wastewater. In the employed batch methods pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, temperature, biosorbent doses were taken as study parameters. The pH was varied from pH 1-9 to study the influence of pH on biosorption of metal ions by Pyras pashia. The optimum pH for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) is observed at pH 5. The biosorption equilibrium time was varied between 15-75 min. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were employed to study the biosorption. The biosorption parameter fits well with Langmuir isotherm. The biosorption of metal ions was increased with increasing biosorbent dose and contact time while increase in pH, metal ion concentration and temperature decrease the biosorption. Thermodynamic data suggest that the bisorption process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic.

739-745

Authors: Mathivanan Iyappan, Ezhumalai Dhineshkumar, and Chinnadurai Anbuselvan*

A Schiff base compound E-2-(((4-aminophenyl)imino)methyl)-5-(difluoromethoxy)phenol was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, ESI-mass spectroscopy. The synthesized compound also selectively detects Al3+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ without any interference of other metal ions. Fluorescence titrations carried out to find the selectivity of Al3+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ in turn-on system, with binding modes of 2:1 complex, confirmed by Job′s plot. The presence of metal ions Al3+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ with receptor conformed by ESI-MS spectrum, which changed the base value at 298.00 m/z. Moreover, among the binding constant of three metals calculated (20 μM), Al3+ showed a high value of 5.7 × 104 M-1 compared to Fe2+ and Cu2+ metal ions. Prominently, the cytotoxicity activities of probe with HeLa cells were also calculated.

753-758

Authors: S. Wahyuni*, I. Antasionasti, A. Khaeruni, P.A. Priscilla, M. Pitunani and N.D.P. Dewi

This work was performed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of modified tannia flour (MTF) with lactic acid bacteria. Physico-chemical properties of MTF by analyzing the degree of acidity, swelling power and solubility, functional group analysis by FTIR and XRD patterns, then determine proximate composition of MTF cookies. Modified tannia flour is indicated by intensity decreased of the FTIR and XRD patterns during fermentation. Proximate composition of MTF and cookies with moisture, ash, fat, protein and glucose content products approximately, respectively 7.63 ± 0.05 %, 2.94 ± 0.02 %, 0.01 ± 0.21 %, 0.86 ± 0.09 %, 43.00 ± 0.14 % and 8.76 ± 0.22 %, 2.67 ± 1.18 %, 48.07 ± 0.23 %, 16.52 ± 0.03 %, 9.08 ± 1.77 %. Physico-chemical properties of MTF with lactic acid bacteria had pH of MTF decreased but swelling power and solubility increased during fermentation and pasting characteristics were modified, so MTF can be applied for making cookies product, where the addition of anchovy meat as a source of protein can increase the protein content of cookies product.

765-770

Authors: Usman Usman, Nunuk Hariani Soekamto, Muhammad Natsir and Maulidiyah Maulidiyah*

Exploration of the natural product as pharmaceutical drug widely discover continuously for human life. The unique chemical compounds have been explored from bark stem of Melochia Umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata K. (M. umbellata) which is obtained from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We discovered two group compounds isolated namely stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-β-ol (1) and stigmasta-5,22-dien-on (2), from n-hexane and chloroform extracts. The chemical structure of compounds 1 and 2 were identified based on IR spectroscopic, 1H NMR and 13C NMR and compared spectra data with data of compounds by other researchers. Compounds 1 and 2 are evaluated of their toxicity activity against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina) shows that the compound 1 shows weak toxicity activities against Artemia salina with LC50 value of 548.48 μg/mL, meanwhile the compound 2 exhibits a high inhibitory by LC50 value of 410.81 μg/mL. Based on this study, we suggest that the compound 2 has good bioactivity compared with compound 1.

776-782

Authors: Ravindra S. Sonawane, Kiran D. Patil and Avinash V. Patil*

A series of novel imidazopyridine derivatives as proton pump inhibitors was designed with compounds of CID data base and explored considering AZD0865 as standard. Many compounds were identified and docked in proton pump ATPase pocket (PDB ID: 4ux2). Molecular docking studies revealed that many compounds showed good proton pump ATPase inhibitory activity. The docking poses revealed the interaction of ligands with amino acid. The standard drug AZD0865 had docking score of -7.112302 and displayed interactions with Asn138 and Asp137. A series of novel imidazopyridine derivatives as proton pump inhibitors were docked, synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, CHN and MS spectral analysis. The target imidazopyridines were prepared from substituted 2-aminonicotinic acid and 2-bromo-1-substituted ethanone. in vitro Studies explained that few compounds exhibited moderate to good proton pump ATPase inhibitory activity in comparison with the reference drugs i.e. AZD0865. Compounds 11 and 12 shown higher activities with the IC50 4.3. Compounds 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 13 showed weak anti-ulcer activity with its IC50 5.2, 5.8, 5.5, 5.1, 4.9, 4.6 and 5.9 and positive control AZD0865 shown IC50 2.0.

789-794

Authors: Chintan P. Somaiya*, Dinesh S. Patel and Darshan H. Jani

In this work novel pyrazolone based semicarbazone derivatives and their spectroscopic and biological activities were investigated. Pyrazolone based semicarbazone ligands and their Fe(III) and Mn(III) heterochelates were synthesized. The structure of semicarbazone ligands were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis and their heterochelates were confirmed by thermal studies (TGA/DTG & DSC) and FAB mass spectroscopy. All the ligands and heterochelates were screened for antimicrobial study against Gram positive (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (E. coli, Klebsiella) microorganisms. The results confirmed that semicarbazone based heterochelates have a great potential and significant for further investigation.

803-809

Authors: Phoomirut Nusuwan, Piyada Jittangprasert, Mayuso Kuno, Kem Pumsa-ard and Pan Tongraung*

A simple dual detection using colorimetric chemosensor, imine-phenol derivative L (bearing a 2-iminephenol group as a binding unit and a-nitrophenylazo group as a signaling unit), were synthesized for a high yield in two simple steps. Complexations of chemosensor L with various anions in acetonitrile solvent and other metal ions in DMSO/H2O solvent were monitored by UV-visible spectroscopy. The results indicated that the chemosensor L showed high selectivity for F− and Cu2+ ions. Furthermore, the complexes for L-F− and L-Cu2+ were evaluated by computational chemistry using a B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) and a B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of calculation. The complexes between L with F− and Cu2+ were magenta and yellow colored, respectively. Chemosensor L can be applied for the analysis of F− and Cu2+ ions with naked-eye detection making colour comparisons between the standard and the real sample. Most importantly, semi-qualitative detection of Cu2+ in water solution were successfully carried out with the developed test kit using chemosensor L.

815-821

Authors: C. Sridevi, P. Karthikeyan, D. Dhivyapriya, L. Mitu, P. Maheswaran and S. Sathishkumar*

The growing evidence of beneficial role of zinc in bone has increased the interest of developing zinc-containing biomaterials for medical applications and specifically biocompatible coatings that can be deposited on metallic implants to benefit from their load-bearing capabilities. In present work, zinc oxide/cerium, lanthanum substituted (ZnO/Ce,La-HAP) hydroxyapatite bilayer coatings have been fabricated by electrodeposition technique. As developed, ZnO/Ce,La-HAP bilayer coatings were then structurally, morphologically and chemically characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), higher resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The properties of corrosion performance of 316L SS were explored in Ringers solution using electrochemical analysis. The potentiodynamic polarization and impedance analysis demonstrated that the anticorrosion behavior of 316L SS was significantly increased by the bilayer coating. Cell viability in vitro, antibacterial activity and live/dead assay of ZnO/Ce,La-HAP bilayer coating were investigated. Hence, development of ZnO/Ce,La-HAP bilayer coating on 316L SS to make it suitable for biomedical applications.

827-834

Authors: Muhammad Towhid Moula, Ranjit K. Nath*, Mh. Mosfeka Chowdhury and Md. Abu Bakar Siddique

Halda is an important river of Bangladesh, is now polluted in different ways through industrial, agricultural, domestic and sewage disposal. Increased anthropogenic activities have increased the potential pollution of the river and excessive pollutants may be toxic to humans and aquatic fauna. Presence of heavy metals in the river water causes perilous impact on the aquatic organisms. Hence, regular monitoring of pollution levels in the river is indispensable. In this study, we discuss about physico-chemical assessments of water quality parameters viz. pH, dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solid (TS), total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved substance (TDS), total alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, chloride and heavy metals in the water of Halda river during rainy and winter seasons, at different points; sources of pollutants in water and their effects given starting from the early research until the current research.

839-844

Authors: D. Ashok*, K. Ramakrishna, Nalaparaju. Nagaraju, Ravinder Dharavath, M. Ram Reddy and M. Sarasija

A method for the synthesis of several imidazoles containing isoquinoline scaffolds under conventional and microwave irradiation methods. In the microwave irradiation method gives higher yields with in shorter reaction time as compared to conventional heating method, using green solvents and eco-friendly reaction conditions. All the synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass spectral analysis. Furthermore, the title compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia as well as fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. The compounds 8a, 8d, 8e and 8h exhibited better antimicrobial activity against all organisms.

853-864

Authors: V. Porchezhiyan, D. Kalaivani, J. Shobana and S.E. Noorjahan*

1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds have gained significant importance since they are abundantly available in the natural products and possess myriad biological activities. The new symmetrical 1,3-diketones bearing L-proline, 2-methyl-5-iodobenzoic acid, piperidine-3-carboxylic acid and naphthalene-1-acetic acid moieties were synthesized by coupling reaction of appropriate ketone with N-acyl triazole in the presence of MgBr2·Et2O and DIPEA. The chemical structure of the compounds were confirmed from the spectral data such as 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR and HRMS. Molecular docking studies were carried out for all the compounds with tumor associated protein tyrosine kinase-6 (PTK6) and inflammatory protein cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). The in vitro evaluation was carried out using breast cancer cell lines (MTT assay) and HRBC stabilization assays. During in silico studies, the ki values obtained against PTK6 and COX2 for (5a-d) compounds were in the range (-7.5 to -10.6) and (-7.6 to -9.8) kcal/mol, respectively. The compound 5d was selected for MTT assay, since it exhibited the highest binding affinity (-10.6 kcal/mol) against PTK6 and gave IC50 - 2.4 μg/mL against breast cancer cell lines. The HRBC stabilization of all the compounds (5a-5d) were in the range (59.28-93.4) %, with highest stabilization value by 5d, which also displayed higher binding affinity with -7.6 kcal/mol towards COX2. Thus, the synthesized symmetrical 1,3-diketones with suitable functionality can be both anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents.

871-875

Authors: Thamaraiselvi Chandran, Sofiavizhimalar Asaithambi, Nandhini Senthilkumar, Vasanthy Muthunarayanan, Ravichandran Subramanian and Boselin Prabhu S.R.

In present study, water quality was assessed by collecting ten water samples in and around Tiruppur city of India. The physico-chemical characterisation of the water samples were analyzed using standard protocols. The samples with higher chloride content (3106 mg/L) was found in Ganapathy Palayam sample, the value was higher than the BIS prescribed limit. The sample was subjected to treatment with various dosages of the phyto coagulating agent Tamarindus indica L. seed powder and its polysaccharide. The maximum 51 % of chloride reduction was obtained with 0.3 g of seed polysaccharide, and it was taken as optimum dosage. The raw seed removed 47 % of chloride by the dosage 0.4 g. The seed powder was characterized by GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. The GC-MS chromatogram showed the presence of various phytocompounds such as lupanine, cyclopropane octanoic acid, ascorbic acid, octadecanoic acid in the plants. The functional groups found in the seed powder were characterized by FTIR analysis. The evaluated results confirmed the contamination of potable water in Tiruppur city by the dyeing industries located near the water sources. The present work concluded that tamarind seed coagulants are efficient, eco-friendly, low-cost and easily available material, which could be used for the treatment of potable water.

881-886

Authors: Sanoop Padinhattayil and K. Sheshappa Rai*

The present work provides a selective review of research activities that focus on the graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid nanomaterials and their physical characterizations. The graphene oxide nanoparticle was prepared by modified Hummer’s method and the nanohybrids of GO/ZnO prepared by chemical method. Nanohybrids were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer to find the thermal stability of the hybrid material, the structural nature and crystal size by P-XRD, functional group identification and surface morphology by using FTIR & SEM technique. This method provides a facile method to synthesize the nanohybrid and will be freely extended to do the research on other class of hybrids based of graphene oxide

896-900

Authors: M. Idrees*, Y.G. Bodkhe, N.J. Siddiqui and S.S. Kola

A series of 5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-N-(3-chloro-4-(2-(p-tolyloxy) substituted quinolin-3-yl)-2-oxoazetidin- 1-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide derivatives (4a-f) were synthesized with excellent yields by cyclocondensation reaction of 5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-N′-(2-(p-tolyloxy) substituted quinolin-3- yl)methylene)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide (3a-f) with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine in DMF. One pot condensation of 5-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3- carbohydrazide (1) with 2-(p-tolyloxy) substituted quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (2a-f) in ethanol solvent in presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid gave intermediate compounds (3a-f). The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been substantiated through elemental analysis and spectral studies viz. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and mass spectra. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli at different concentrations.

907-911

Authors: S. Akash, N. Ahalya and P. Dhamodhar*

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using epicarp of Punica granatum by combustion method at moderate temperatures. Zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained in agglomerate form were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD) and found to have hexagonal phase, wurtzite structure. The crystalline size of nanoparticle was found to be ~ 60 nm by using Debye-Scherrer formula. The morphology Index, Lorentz factor and Lorentz polarization factor were also calculated. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) spectrum for ZnO nanoparticle showed a strong absorbance at 374 nm. This corresponds to the calculated band gap energy of 3.48 eV and the particle size calculated using band gap was found to be 50 nm. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum showed a peak at 499 cm-1, which indicated Zn-O stretch bond. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis proved the size of nanoparticles synthesized were around 50 nm and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the elemental composition of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The ZnO-NPs were evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram positive, tonsillitis causing Streptococcus pyogenes. From the present study, it was concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by combustion method could be valuable and economic in the field of nanotechnology.

923-929

Authors: J. Sumalatha, A. Sreedevi*, and C. Radha Rani

A facile and an efficient procedure has been developed by one-pot condensation of naphthalene-diols, fluoro substituted benzaldehydes and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the synthesis of fluorine containing benzo[a]xanthen-11(12H)-ones under the catalyst and solvent-free conditions. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR (1H & 13C) and mass spectrometry. Several advantages offer the present approach, such as, shorter reaction time, low cost, anticipation of toxic solvents and catalyst, higher yield of products and durability of substrate range. On the other hand, anticancer activity was also performed for the title compounds which demonstrated a significant activity on selected cancer cell lines.

935-940

Authors: Y.Y. Hee* and S. Suratman

This study has been carried out in the Terengganu River basin, southern South China Sea (Malaysia), to determine the concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) based nutrients and their possible sources. The dissolved inorganic nutrients in this river were found to be related to land use, where higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients were recorded at the stations near to the agricultural activities and urban areas. In contrast, dissolved organic and particulate forms of P and N were generally higher in the largely undisturbed part of the upstream, suggesting that these forms of nutrients can originate from dead organic matter and living organisms, excretion of waste by animals, soil runoff and sewage discharge. When comparing with other selected rivers in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Terengganu river basin showed a relatively higher concentration of P- and N-based nutrients, probably because of the fact that the river had received high impacts of anthropogenic activities. Therefore, a regular monitoring program in this basin is important in order to capture the impact of increasing population densities, land-use changes and social-economic development to the river, which has important implications for the sustainability of Terengganu as well as of Malaysian economy.

945-951

Authors: M. Srinivas*, N. Sulochana, G.R.Yogesh Kumar, K.M. Mahadevan* and H.S. Bhojya Naik

New azomethine-Zn(II) complexes of bis(salicylidene)phenyl-1,2-diamino organic ligand derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of salicylaldehyde, substituted phenyl-1,2-diamine with zinc acetate. The synthesized complexes were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and EDS. Their photophysical and electrochemical properties were studied and their applicability for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and forensic finger print developments have been demonstrated. Photoluminescence studies revealed that the emission peaks of the complexes in solution state appeared at 372-406 nm and emitted blue light. Latent fingerprint detection study indicated that the powder compounds show good adhesion and finger ridge details without back ground staining. Based on these results, it was ascertained that these Zn(II) complexes can serve as a suitable non-dopant blue light emitting compound for flat panel display applications and applied to detect fingerprints on all types of smooth surfaces

959-964

Authors: Nargisbano A. Peerzade*, Shravan Y. Jadhav and Raghunath B. Bhosale

The objective of the present study was to synthesize a series of some novel quinoline based methoxy substituted chalcones and to evaluate their in vitro antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activitites. The quinoline based chalcones was synthesized by condensation of 2-chloro-3-formyl qunoline with various methoxy substituted acetophenone in presence of NaOH. The Claisen-Schmidt condensation gave high yield of quinoline based chalcones. Synthesis of 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline was carried out by Vilsmeir-Haack reaction on acetanilide and 4-methoxy acetanilide which on cyclization along with formylation give corresponding 2-chloro-3-formyl quinoline. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antioxiadant and antidiabetic activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1f and 1h showed highest antimalarial activity even more than standard chloroquine diphosphate. Compound 1a showed excellent activity whereas 1c and 1d showed potent anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard diclofenac. On the other hand, compounds 1a and 1g showed excellent antioxidant activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical while compound 1a showed highest inhibition of nitic oxide free radical (NO•) and compound 1h showed highest inhibition for super oxide radical (SOR) as well as highest antidiabetic activity as compared to standard acarbose. All quinolne based chalcones were synthesized in good yields and showed potential biological activities hence they may be helpful for the designing of new drugs.

970-974

Authors: Ch. Jithendra, G. Saravanan*, V. Alagarsamy, T. Panneerselvam, K. Selvaraj, and P. Parasuraman

A sequence of new isoxazole substituted Schiff base and Mannich base of 5-nitroisatin are synthesized by a multi-step synthesis from 5-nitroisatin. Whole synthesized analogs were characterized using IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy and microanalyses. All the Schiff and Mannich bases were tested for their antimicrobial potencies against some human pathogenic microorganism using agar well diffusion technique. The relationship between the biological activity and the functional group variation of the Schiff and Mannich bases were analyzed. Standard ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole were used to compare the antimicrobial activities of novel isatin coupled isoxazole derivatives.

981-984

Authors: K. Hemalatha, and D. Ilangeswaran*

A deep eutectic solvent of glucose-urea was found to be an inexpensive and effective reaction medium in the synthesis of piperidin-4-one derivatives. In this work, 3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl piperidin-4-one (4a), 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one (4b), 2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one (4c), piperidin-4- one (4d), 3,5-dimethylpiperidin-4-one (4e), 3-methyl-2,6-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-4-one (4f), 3,5-dimethyl 2,6-di(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-4one (4g) were synthesized using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) of glucose and urea with the percentage composition of 60:40. The yields of these products were 82, 78, 75, 68, 72, 70 and 70 %, respectively. The products obtained were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. A synthesis of piperidin-4-one derivatives by using this green solvent was considered to be new environmentally safe synthetic method.