Asian Journal of Chemistry

763-766

Authors: Darwin

In mixed microbial fermentation, sugar concentration should be monitored regularly in order to evaluate the effectiveness of fermentation process. Anaerobic acidification fermentation is the process involving microbes to convert the soluble carbohydrate (e.g. glucose) derived from the hydrolysis of insoluble carbohydrates (e.g. starch). The determination of glucose during the fermentation is essential in order to evaluate the mass balance of electron transfer from the oxidation of glucose to the fermentation end-products (e.g. organic acids and alcohols). The fast and practical measurements of glucose concentration in the fermentation broth are highly required to evaluate and ensure the stability of fermentation process. The results showed that once glucose as a soluble sugar is available in the fermentation broth, it was accurately measured by GlucoDr blood glucose biosensor. The standard curve of glucose solution showed the linear relationship between glucometer reading and glucose concentration in which the coefficient determination obtained was at about 0.99. This indicated that glucose analysis with using GlucoDr blood glucose biosensor was accurate and reproducible.

773-779

Authors: Venkata Swamy Tangeti* and K.V.V.V. Satyanarayana

A series of sulfonyl dihydrofuropyrazole derivatives was prepared from one pot multi component condensation of sulfonated β-keto ester, aromatic aldehyde, hydrazine, pyridinium ylide in presence of piperidine catalyst under ethanol solvent conditions and subsequent oxidation of SPh group with MCPBA. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral techniques and screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity. The activity data revealed that most of the compounds exhibited good to significant activities. Compounds 6b, 6i, 6j, 6k, 6m, 6n exhibited good and broad spectrum activity towards all the tested bacterial strains

785-792

Authors: Bobbala Ramana Reddy* and Pedavenkatagari Narayana Reddy

A new series of pyrano[3,2-c]carbazole and pyrano[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives have been synthesized by one-pot three-component coupling of 4-hydroxycarbazole or 2-hydroxycarbazole, aromatic substituted aldehydes and (E)-N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine under microwave irradiation. This transformation presumably occurs via Knoevenagel condensation-Michael addition–tautomerism intramolecular O-cyclization-elimination sequence of reactions creating one C-O bond and two C-C bonds. The significant features of this one-pot reaction include catalyst free, solvent free, atom-economy, no column chromatographic purification, short reaction time and good yield. Further, the synthesized pyranocarbazole derivatives were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines such as DU 145 (prostate cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), SKOV3 (ovarian cancer) and B16-F10 (skin cancer). The results clearly demonstrated that trimethoxyphenyl substituted pyrano[3,2-c]carbazole (9h) exhibited most potent antriproliferative activity against tested cell lines. Compounds 9a, 9b and 11a were also displayed pronounced antriproliferative activity. In addition, molecular docking studies revealed that the lead compounds bind to the colchicine binding site of the tubulin effectively

799-804

Authors: Manoj Kumar *, Pallvi , Hardeep Singh Tuli and Rajshree Khare

Novel Schiff base and its two transition metal complexes derived from the condensation reaction of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with biguanide, characterized by 1 H NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The ligand and its cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes showed potent DNA photo-cleavage activity. Antimicrobial activity of this Schiff base and its cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes against bacteria and fungi viz. S. aureus, K. pneumoniaae and A. niger, Trichophyton rubrum, respectively was evaluated in terms of zone of inhibition.

813-819

Authors: Y. Jerlin Jose , S. Joseph Selvaraj and M. Manjunathan *

Photocatalyst (Eu–ZnO–Ag) was synthesized by precipitation-decomposition process. The characterization catalyst by phase and size of catalyst by powder-XRD, morphology of catalyst by FE-SEM and optical properties by UV-visible and emission spectroscopy. The photocatalytic action of Eu–ZnO–Ag was investigated in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye in water under LEDs/ solar light. Eu–ZnO–Ag catalyst is indicating the excellent activity than Ag–ZnO, Eu–ZnO commercial ZnO/TiO2 nanoparticles. Co-dopants (Eu/Ag) shift the light absorbance of ZnO toward visible region. Factor affecting of photodegrdation study by dose, dye, solution pH on of methylene blue dye present solar/LEDs. The Eu–ZnO–Ag is established to be reusable photocatalyst. A potential photodegradation of methylene blue mechanism was discussed under illuminations LEDs/solar light.

825-828

Authors: Anuck Islary , Jatin Sarmah and Sanjay Basumatary *

In this study, amino acids profiles of 5 wild edible fruits viz. Grewia sapida, Ottelia alismoides, Aporosa dioica, Antidesma bunius and Eugenia operculata found in Assam of North-East India were investigated by RP-HPLC equipped with C18 column. A total of 17 amino acids in varying compositions were identified and 8 of these are essential amino acids and 9 of these are non-essential amino acids. In all of the 5 wild fruits, 6 different amino acids were identified and these were aspartic acid (1.151-3.837 %), glutamic acid (2.283-9.667 %), arginine (0.904-7.187 %), valine (0.142-1.029 %), leucine (1.849-19.665 %), and histidine (0.467-12.986 %). A. bunius fruit showed the highest non-essential amino acid content whereas O. alismoides fruit displayed the highest essential amino acid content. Leucine was found to be the most abundant essential amino acid whereas glutamic acid was detected to be the most abundant non-essential amino acid.

834-838

Authors: K.B. Satishkumar , T.K. Vishnuvardhan *, B. Rajashekhar , K. Satish , Shashidhar and B. Sreekanth

Nano-yttrium oxide has been synthesized from yttrium nitrate hexahydrate by combustion of Agarics bisporus (mushroom) used as fuel. The precursor yttirium nitrate and fuel in acid medium are combusted in furnace at 400 ºC for 3 h yields yttria nanopowder. Morphology of the reaction products are characterized by SEM and TEM. Synthesized yttria nanoparticle are characterized by UV, FTIR, XRD and EDAX are discussed. The crystallite size obtained nano yttria particles are calculated by Scherer′s equation and compared with Williamson-Hall method.

845-850

Authors: Kishore Kumar Anantoju , Laxminarayana Eppakayala and Thirumala Chary Maringanti *

In present communication, we report the synthesis of pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives by microwave irradiation in good yields and less reaction time. All titled compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass spectral analyses.

855-859

Authors: Ajay Kumar Sharma *, Praveen Kumar Jain , Rishi Vyas and Vipin Kumar Jain

The current paper deals with investigation of (PANI)1-x(TiO2)x nanocomposites to explore possible material for optoelectronic devices. To investigate the effect of TiO2 concentration on structural, surface morphology and chemical properties of PANI, samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD pattern evidence the presence of a blend of anatase and rutile phase of TiO2 within the PANI matrix which shows amorphous nature of the matrix. FTIR and Raman spectra confirm the formation of PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites. SEM images show the appearance of lumps into smooth PANI samples with addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. The thermal and dielectric properties were studied using TGA and Impedance analyzer, respectively. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 improves the thermal stability, which clearly shows its potential application in optoelectronic devices.

873-878

Authors: Tiur Elysabeth, , Zulnovri , Gina Ramayanti, Setiadi and Slamet *

In this research, modification of Lampung and Bayah natural zeolites was carried out to increase the zeolite’s capacity as an ammonia adsorbent. Natural zeolite is modified by acid treatment using 6 M HCl and ion exchange using 1 M NH4NO3. The modification process continued with calcination at 500 °C for 4 h. X-ray fluorescence characterization shows changes in composition in the modified zeolites. The significant increase in the Si/Al ratio occurred in the modified zeolite with acid treatment that is 10.03 for Lampung natural zeolite HCl (LNZH) and 9.20 for Bayah natural zeolite HCl (BNZH). Surface area increases due to increasing Si/Al ratio. FTIR results indicate changes in the intensity of hydroxyl groups and pyrH+ as a result of the increase in total acidity of zeolites. The zeolites performance test proves that the Bayah natural zeolite has a higher ammonia adsorption capacity than Lampung natural zeolite. Ion exchange-modified zeolite has a higher ammonia adsorption capacity than zeolite modified with acid treatment.

886-890

Authors: B. Arunkumar* , S. Johnson Jeyakumar and M. Jothibas

Copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles synthesized by different molarities like 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 M at calcinations temperature 450 ºC. The XRD results analyzed the prominent peaks corresponding to the monocrystalline nature of CuO nanoparticles and the average crystalline size of CuO nanoparticles size is decreased with increase of molarities. From SEM image of CuO nanoparticles, the particles are well scattered, which are well connected and consistent with the crystal system. The absorption spectra shows the blue shift which can be attributed to the small size of CuO nanostructures. The FTIR spectra confirmed high intense broad band peaks at 496.96 cm-1 and assigned to characteristics band of monoclinic phase CuO nanoparticles were synthesized and calcined at 450 ºC, and the particle size of the nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 19-23 nm. These sizes of integrated CuO nanoparticles is a cost-efficient, biological molecule capable of working with antibiotics against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

896-900

Authors: R.P. Pawar , P. Mishra , A. Durgbanshi and D. Bose*

An easy and selective thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and experimentally validated for the simultaneous screening of most commonly used anthelmintic drugs i.e. albendazole and ivermectin. Separation of these compounds was attained on silica gel 60 F254 pre-coated thin layer chromatographic plate using an optimized mobile phase of diisopropyl ether:ethyl acetate:glacial acetic acid in the ratio of 7:3:0.1 (v/v), respectively at pH 3.5. The calculated Rf values for albendazole and ivermectin were 0.65 and 0.38, respectively and the LOD was found to be 25 µg/ml and 30 µg/ml for albendazole and ivermectin, respectively. The developed method is selective, sensitive, robust, cost effective, eco-friendly, rapid as well as easy to perform. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of albendazole and ivermectin in pharmaceutical preparations marketed as oral suspensions, powder, tablets and injectable of the single or combined dosage forms for human as well as veterinary use. It could also be applied for the simultaneous analysis of both the compounds in other samples.

907-916

Authors: M.C. Somasekhara Reddy *, S.M. Sarvar Jahan , K. Sridevi and G.V. Subba Reddy

A natural surfactant (NS) of plant-base was obtained from the fruit pericarp of soapnuts by using a simple and economical method. The interaction of this natural surfactant with direct dye, anionic dye, Congo red (CR) was studied spectrophotometrically in sub-micellar and micelle concentration range in aqueous solution. These interactions (CR-NS) were compared with that of CR-CTAB (cationic surfactant-cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), CR-SDS (anionic surfactant-sodium dodecyl sulphate, SDS) and CR-TX 100 (neutral surfactant - Triton X-100, TX 100) and were useful to understand the nature of natural surfactant. The mechanism of formation of complex due to interactions between Congo red and natural surfactant was suggested. This spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC), at which the formation of micelles was started. The CMC values obtained spectrophotometrically for the natural surfactant was coincided with the experimental value available in the literature. A definite change in the absorbance maxima of Congo red in the presence of natural surfactant (micelles of natural surfactant) was also observed. The change in maxima was also interpreted in terms of pH and CMC. The equilibrium constant of interaction between Congo red and natural surfactant was calculated on the theoretical model. The stability of the complexes of Congo red with different surfactants like CTAB, SDS, TX 100 and natural surfactant may be written in increasing order as: CR-TX 100 > CR-CTAB > CR-NS > CR-SDS. The biodegradable, non-toxic, inexpensive, environmental friendly, renewable natural surfactant was suggested in place of synthetic surfactants.

925-937

Authors: Saied M. Soliman * and Mohamed M. Zaid *

The geometrical structures of six square-planar diacetylplatinum(II) complexes ([Pt(Ac)2L], L = hydrazine-type ligand) were calculated using six (B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, B3PW91, M06, M06HF and PBE) DFT methods and one post-Hartree–Fock (MP2) method combined with 6-31G(d,p) basis sets for nonmetal atoms and LANL2DZ for Pt. Using percent relative errors, M06HF and MP2 are best for predicting Pt–N bond distances, but worst for Pt–C bond distances, whereas B3PW91 is best. Pt–N(pyridine) bonds have higher electron density at the bond critical points than Pt–N(hydrazone) bonds, and the former are more covalent than the latter. Further, Pt–C bonds trans to hydrazone moieties are more covalent than Pt–C bonds trans to Pt–N(pyridine) bonds. Pt–C bonds are mainly due to Pt→Ac back donation rather than Ac→Pt donation; σ-bonding is less important in this case, consistent with the high π-acidity and strong trans effect of acetyl groups. In contrast, Pt→N back donation is negligible and Pt–N bonds are mainly due to N→Pt σ-donation, which stabilizes trans Pt–C bonds.

943-950

Authors: Afreen Anjum *, Sikandar Paswan , Manoj Kumar , Habib Ali and Raj Kumar Dubey

The structures of some coordination compounds of cobalt(II) and copper(II) with macrocyclic Schiff bases obtained by the reaction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone with diamines synthesized in 1:1 molar ratio(s) have been elucidated by various physico-chemical methods viz. elemental analysis, IR, UV-visible, mass, ESR. The surface morphology was determined by SEM analysis. Infrared spectra suggested that ligand was coordinated to the metal ion in a tetradentate manner through azomethine nitrogen atom by the change in its stretching frequency. ESR spectra of copper(II) complexes indicates the presence of unpaired electron in the dx2–y2 by calculating the g values. The optimized geometries which were calculated using the DFT/B3LYP method were compared with the molecular geometries obtained experimentally.

960-964

Authors: S. Farook Basha* and M. Syed Ali Padusha

This work deals with the ultrasonic studies of the Mannich bases (morpholin-4-yl)(pyridin-3- yl)methyl]hydrazine carboxamide (MPH) and (morpholino)(thiophen-2-yl)methyl)nicotine hydrazide (MTN) by the measurements of parameters such as ultrasonic velocity (U), density (ρ), viscosity (η), adiabatic compressibility (κ), intermolecular free length (Lf), molar volume (Vm), relaxation time (τ), specific acoustic impedance (Z), lenard jones potential (LJP), internal pressure (πi), free volume (Vf) and molecular cohesive energy (MCE), available volume (Va), Gibbs free energy (∆G) and absorption coefficient (α/f2 ). These results are inferred that the strong interaction exists between the solvent (DMSO) and solute (MPH and MTN)

971-976

Authors: Sanjay Kumar, L. Saya, H.C. Tandon and Shikha Gulati*

The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of two biologically active flavone derivatives 6-hydroxy7,3’,4’,5’-tetramethoxyflavone (6HTMF) and 7-hydroxy-6,3’,4’,5’-tetramethoxyflavone (7HTMF) were studied as a function of acidity (pH/H0) of the solution. Dissociation constants were determined for ground and first excited singlet states and the results were compared with those obtained from Forster-Weller calculations. The acidity constants for these two compounds (6HTMF and 7HTMF) obtained from fluorimetric titrations are in poor agreement with those obtained from Forster-Weller data but are in good agreement with ground state pKa values indicated the deactivation of excited state (S1) before the prototropic equilibrium is complete. The broad band emission of both the flavones in acidic aqueous solution suggests their use as tuneable dye lasers. 6-Hydroxy-7,3’,4’,5’- tetramethoxyflavone undergoes adiabatic photo-dissociation in the singlet excited state indicating the formation of an exciplex or a photo-tautomer. The stability of photo-tautomer was confirmed by calculated value of enthalpy of formation using AM1 method.