Asian Journal of Chemistry

1200-1206

Authors: Thien Hien Tran, Trang Tran Thi Huyen, Huy Quoc Pham, Hieu Vu-Quang,Trinh Duy Nguyen, Pham Van Thinh, Le Thi Hong Nhan, Phan Nguyen Quynh Anh,Mai Huynh Cang and Le Minh Bui,*

Currently, hand sanitizers are seen as an indispensable household product, which not only cleansesand protects the skin from bacteria but also confers skin-softening function. With the objective ofresearch and development the process for producing hand-sanitizer from coconut oil, this study aimedto optimize the production conditions to provide a natural-derived and low-cost hygienic product. Thetwo factors that characterized the standard for product evaluation are the level of foaming and durabilityof the emulsion, which reflects the cleansing ability of the product from the saponification reaction.Upon analysis, the coconut oil/NaOH ratio of 5.5:1, the alkaline solution concentration of 10 %, 3 hreaction, 80 ºC, stirring speed of 300 rpm, pH 8 and 1:2 dilution rate were found to be the optimalreaction conditions for the highest cleaning ability. In addition, other substances are used for finalizingthe product such as moisturizing glycerol, dipropylene glycol, softener skin coca amidopropyl betaine,preservatives dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin, thickener hydroxyethyl cellulose, colour and essentialoils

1212-1220

Authors: Bontha Venkata Subrahmanya Lokesh *, Y. Rajendra Prasad and Afzal Basha Shaik

Twenty novel pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from 2,5-dichloro-3-acetylthienyl chalconesby reacting with guanidine HCl in presence of KOH and ethanol under reflux for 6 h. Their structuralcharacterizations were evaluated by ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy. They werealso screened for antifungal, antitubercular and cytotoxicity activities. They were displayed goodantifungal activity (MIC = 32-125 µg/mL) against Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis fungalspecies except compound 15 with 4"-pyridinyl moiety (MIC = 8.00 µg/mL) being more potent.Compound 5 with 2",4"-dichlorophenyl moiety was shown with good antitubercular activity (MIC =6.2 µg/mL) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) stain. They have also tested for in vitrocytotoxicity activity against DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. In which the compound 15 with 4"-pyridinyl moiety (IC50 = 2.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL) and compound 17 with 2"-pyrrolyl moiety (IC50 = 6.0 ± 0.1µg/mL) possess highly potent antiprostate cancer properties. The molecular docking was done withthe crystalline structure of mitochondrial 2-enoyl thioester reductase Etr1p/Etr2p heterodimer fromCandida tropicalis fungal species with compound 15 (-7.80 kcal/mol) and shown greater bindingaffinity than fluconazole (-7.60 kcal/mol). Docking was performed with protein crystalline structure(PDB ID: 2WEE) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) stain and among all, compound 5was exhibited good binding affinity (-6.90 kcal/mol), compared to pyrazinamide (-4.10 kcal/mol).The protein crystalline structure of a mutant androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD)(PDB file: 1GS4) was tested with compounds 15 and 17 (-7.60 and -8.20 kcal/mol). They were exhibitedgood binding properties compared to methotrexate (-5.10 kcal/mol). Hence, these novel pyrimidinecompounds are as lead compounds as antifungal, antitubercular and cytotoxic agents

1225-1229

Authors: Thatavarthi Padmini* and Bigala Raj Kamal

A novel series of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by the cycloaddition reactionbetween the electron rich N-substituted aryl hydrazones and nitro-olefins. Different N-substituted arylhydrazones (1a-j) on reacting with 4-methyl-β-nitrostyrene (2) in ethylene glycol or trifluoroethanol-trifluoro acetic acid mixture (for acid stable hydrazones) at 120 ºC, yielded various 1,3,5-trisubstitutedpyrazoles (3a-j). The final products were characterized by spectral analysis using Mass, NMR and IRspectroscopy. All the products were assessed for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyreticactivities on Swiss albino rats. All the compounds (3a-j) exhibited noteworthy defence againstinflammation, nociception and hyperthermia. Compounds (3e and 3h) disclosed betteranti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities while compound 3c had highestanti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard nimesulide.

1243-1245

Authors: V. Nadaraj,, S. Thamarai Selvi,* and M. Abirami

Compounds having quinolone and pyrimidine skeleton plays an important role in the medicinalchemistry. The objective of the present work was to modify the Biginelli reaction by using heterocylicketones under microwave condition. We have demonstrated new synthetic route of quinolone fused1,4-dipyrimidines by the reaction of 6-methyl-4-hyrdoxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (1), substituted aromaticaldehydes (2a-g) with phenyl urea (3). The structure of these newly synthesized compounds wascharacterized IR, NMR, Mass spectral and elemental analysis

1251-1254

Authors: D. Albert Allen1, G. Ramanan1,*,, R.R. Neela Rajan2 and A.K. Darwins

Polymer composite reinforced with fiber materials have always proven its superior significant enactmentover numerous traditional materials, considering their incomparable strength to weight ratio andstiffness. Carbon nanotubes usage in glass-fiber reinforced polymer has high potential in changing thecharacteristics of composite laminates. Carbon nanotubes have engrossed composite fraternity inexploring the opportunity of utilizing them as a supplementary reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymercomposites. This study examines the mechanical characters of glass-fiber reinforced polymer withand without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Composite laminated layers are fabricatedusing epoxy resin without carbon nanotube and with 0.5 and 1.5 % MWCNT. The materials weretested to determine tensile, flexural and compression properties. It is observed that the carbon nanotubescan enhance the mechanical properties in the composite laminates. Composite laminate with 1.5 wt %MWCNT exhibited good mechanical properties compared to that with 0.5 wt % MWCNT and withoutMWCNT

1260-1264

Authors: Mahfuza Afroz Soma, Mohammad Firoz Khan, Faiza Tahia, Md. Abdullah Al-Mansur,Mohammad Sharifur Rahman and Mohammad Abdur Rashid *

Glycosmis pentaphylla is traditionally used for treating many diseases in Bangladesh. Anti-inflammatoryand analgesic effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla have been reported prominently but no bioactive elementhas been identified so far. In order to explore its analgesic and anti-inflammatory compound(s),phytochemical analysis was conducted. Nine compounds were isolated from the methanol extract ofleaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla whose structures were solved as arborinine (1), vanillic acid (2),3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (3), benzoic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), stigmasterol (6),β-amyrin (7), phytol (8) and 3α,16α-dihydroxyolean-12-ene (9) by spectroscopic studies, includinghigh field 1H NMR analyses as well as co-TLC with authentic samples whenever possible. Amongthese, compounds 3 and 9 are the first report of their occurrence from G. pentaphylla. in silico dockingstudies of these metabolites with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an enzyme responsible for producingprostaglandins, were conducted. It was found that only arborinine and phytol can bind in the activesite of COX-2, which might be considered as the major responsible moieties to cause analgesic andanti-inflammatory activities

1275-1278

Authors: I.M.W.A. Putra *, I.G.A.W. Kusumawati, and A.W. Permadi

Clinoptilolites have a limitation in the adsorption of drug molecules due to their fixed pore structure.In this study, we modified the clinoptilolite with benzalkonium chloride. The modification was carriedout by stirring 1 g of NaCl activated clinoptilolite with 100 mL of benzalkonium chloride solutionwith a concentration of 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 15 % at room temperature for 24 h. After filtration and dryingprocess, benzalkonium chloride modified clinoptilolite was stirred with 100 mL of 300 mg/L metforminhydrochloride solution at room temperature for 24 h. The result of sample characterization usingFTIR spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and N2 Sorption analyzer showed that clinoptilolitemodification with benzalkonium chloride and the impregnation of metformin hydrochloride proceededwell. The optimal amount of metformin hydrochloride occurred in benzalkonium chloride 1 % modifiedclinoptilolite.

1289-1293

Authors: D. Kasimbi, K. Hussain Reddy *, and N. Devanna

Copper(II) complexes having the formula CuL2 {where, L = 2-acetylthiophene acetoylhydrazone(ATAH), 2-acetylthiophene benzoylhydrazone (ATBH)} have been investigated on the basis of elementalanalysis, molar conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible, IR and ESR spectraldata. Non-electrolytic nature of the complexes are revealed by molar conductance data. IR spectraldata suggested that hydrazones act as tridentate ligands. The spin Hamiltonian, orbital reduction andbonding parameters of complexes are calculated using ESR spectra of complexes. The compounds arescreened for their antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aureoginos and Bacillus cereus.Acetoylhydrazones show more antibacterial activity than the corresponding benzoyl hydrazones. Someof the Cu(II) complexes show more activity than hydrazone ligands

1301-1304

Authors: Ntaote David Shooto

1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4Btec) is an ideal candidate for the synthesis of new coordinationpolymers compounds because of its four carboxyl groups bridging moieties with antimony ions havingdistorted coordination configuration. This work reports a new compound of coordination polymer,namely, [Sb2(C4H4O6)2(Btec)(H2O)]n, [(C4H4O6)2 = tartrate and Btec4− = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylicanion] has been synthesized under reflux. The physical and chemical properties of coordinationpolymers; Sb2(C4H4O6)2(Btec)(H2O) was affirmed by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses and photoluminescencespectroscopy.

1311-1320

Authors: Raja Chinnamanayakar and M.R. Ezhilarasi*

The new series of 2-phenylpyrazoline derivatives (2a-j) were synthesized and evaluated for theirantimicrobial, in silico and in vitro anticancer activity was performed by MTT assay using MDA-MB-231 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line. The 2-phenylpyrazoline derivatives (2a-j) were obtainedby the cyclization of chalcones with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Synthesized compounds wereconfirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. Molecular docking studies were carriedout using Auto Dock Tool version 1.5.6 and Auto dock version 4.2.5.1 docking program. in silicoDocking study, compound 2d showed good binding score and good binding interaction with selectedbacterial proteins and breast cancer protein. Based on this result, compound 2d was performed theanticancer activity by MTT assay method. From this result, compound 2d shown the LC50 value is185.30 ± 1. 469 µg/mL. From the antibacterial activity compound 2i (2,3-dichloro substituted2-pyrazoline derivative) showed a good zone of inhibition at high concentration (100 mg/mL) ascompared to other derivatives (2a-j) and compound 2c (fluoro substituted 2-phenylpyrazoline derivative)showed a good zone of inhibition at low concentration (25 mg/mL) compared to other derivative(2a-j)

1327-1331

Authors: P. Karunasri Meghana, K. Venkata Pravalika, P. Janaki Sriram and K. Ravindhranath*

Phoenix sylvestris seed powder (PSSP) was investigated as an adsorbent for the removal ofchromium(VI) ions from water using batch extraction method. The conditions for the maximumextraction were optimized. The adsorption capacity was found to be 22.5 mg/g at pH = 2, contacttime: 60 min, PSSP dosage: 0.40 g/500mL, rpm: 300 and temp.: 28 ± 2 ºC and found to be moresuitable adsorbant than compared to other reported adsorbents in the literature. Co-ions even in five-foldexcess were less interfered. Regeneration studies revealed that Phoenix sylvestris seed powder can beused up to three cycles. The method developed was successfully applied to polluted water/industrialeffluents samples

1343-1348

Authors: K.V. Sathasivam *, N.K. Fuloria, S. Fuloria, P.J. Darshenee,R. Xavier, K. Marimuthu and K.M. Sundram

Present study was intended to explore the biosorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions in aqueous solutionusing activated carbon biosynthesized from macro-algae Kappaphycus alvarezii under differentexperimental parameters. Activated carbon was produced via zinc chloride chemical activation method.The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature over biosorption, amount of adsorbents, initial Cu(II)and Pb(II) aqueous concentration, and contact time were studies. The pH 4.0 for adsorption of Cu(II)and Pb(II), and metal ions uptake contact time of 60 min were considered as optimum. Equilibriumdata of biosorption were analyzed by models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm at different initialCu(II) and Pb(II) aqueous solutions concentration. Fruendlich adsorption isotherm model fitted wellinto biosorption data with a regression value of 0.9986. Thermodynamic parameters such as change inchange of enthalpy (∆Hº), change of entropy (∆Sº) and Gibbs free energy (∆Gº) were also determined

1357-1361

Authors: Narendra R. Kamble * and Vinod T. Kamble

A combinatorial library of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives have been synthesized by a greenone-pot four-component reaction between aryl hydrazine/hydrazine hydrate (1), ethyl acetoacetate(2), aromatic aldehydes (3) and 4-hydroxycoumarin (4) catalyzed by niobium pentachloride withsilver salt under solvent-free conditions has been developed. Experimental simplicity, simple work-upprocedure and solvent-free reaction condition at room temperature are important features of the presentprotocol

1369-1377

Authors: Md Rokon Ud Dowla Biswas, Yonrapach Areerob, Dinh Cung Tien Nguyen, Hyuk Kim, Je-WooCha and Won-Chun Oh *

In the present study, the potential of pelletized activated carbon (PAC) inoculated with Fe(NO3)3 andH3PO4 as packing material for NH3, CO2 and H2S removal from mixed waste gases was evaluated.Broad tests were conducted to determine the factors affecting the removal of high concentrations ofNH3. The removal characteristics, removal efficiency, and removal capacity of the system were evaluated.The results of bed depth service time experiment suggested that the removal of NH3, CO2 and H2Sresults from physical adsorption of the gases by pelletized activated carbon. The vigorous steady stateof physical adsorption lasted for approximately 4 h. After the system achieved equilibrium, the pelletizedactivated carbon bed exhibited high adaptation to shock loading, elevated temperatures, and high flowrates. The results also demonstrated that the removal of NH3 was not affected by the presence of H2S.Gas retention time was a crucial factor affecting system performance. A retention time of ≥ 65s wasrequired to obtain NH3 removal efficiencies of ≥ 15 %. The acute loading of NH3 for system was 4.2gN/m3/h and the maximal loading was 16.2 gN/m3/h. The results of this study can be used as a guidefor the design and operation of industrial-scale systems in the future

1383-1388

Authors: A.G. Atnafu, R. Srinivasu, P. Shyamala and G. Nageswara Rao*

Investigation of mononuclear complex of L-ornithine in tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB, acationinc surfactant) micelle media has been made pH metrically at constant temperature and ionicstrength in different percentage of micellar solutions (0.0-2.5 %). Stability constants and best fit modelfor metal complexes were obtained by MINIQUAD75 computer program on the basis of the analysisof residues and other statistical parameters. Accordingly, ML, ML2, MLH and ML2H for both Co(II)and Cu(II) and ML2 and ML2H for Ni(II) mononuclear chemical models were obtained. Thestabilization/destabilization equilibria of the binary system for the model species with percentagecomposition of micelles at constant ionic strength and temperature could be attributed to dielectricconstant and other intrinsic interaction properties of tetrabutylammonium bromide micelle with ligandsand metal ions. The plot of percentage of species against pH values has been generated from SIMrefined data using origin85 software

1398-1404

Authors: Nedra Touj, Abdullah Sulaiman Al-Ayed and Naceur Hamdi*

The synthesis of metallo-phthalocyanines complexes (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) containing azo dye weredescribed in this study. The metallo- phthalocyanines have been supported by elemental analysis,UV-visible, FT-IR and NMR. The aggregation of phthalocyanine compounds was investigated indifferent solvents and concentrations. The newly synthesized metallophthalocyanines possess modestantibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, thesecomplexes have been tested as antioxidant and presented remarkable activities by two different invitro chemical assays. They were able to reduce DPPH % radical with IC50 values ranging from 3.8 to7.5 µmol L-1 and some of them also reduced ABTS % radical cation