Moldovan Medical Journal

3-8

Authors: Evelina Lesnic

Background: Cytokines are the regulators of the immune response in tuberculosis: TNF-alpha and CXCL8 (IL-8) are involved in the granuloma formation, IL-10 inhibits the inflammation; some chemokines increase the liver production of the acute phase proteins (APPs). The aim of the research was to assess the serum level of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen in patients with drug-sensitive and multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Material and methods: A prospective case-control study, which included 51 patients, distributed in 2 groups: the 1st study group (N=24 new cases with drug-sensitive TB) and the 2nd study group (N=27 new cases with MDR-TB) according to sex and age were compared with the control group (N=36 healthy individuals). Results: Serum concentration of IL-8 was elevated up to 13 times, TNF-alpha up to 4 times and IL-10 up to 2 times in study groups, compared with the reference value of the control group. Fibrinogen concentration was elevated up to 2 times in study groups compared with the control group and CRP up to 3 times compared with conventional value. Ceruloplasmin was statistically higher in the drug-sensitive TB and mildly elevated in MDR-TB group. Conclusions: Proinflammatory biomarkers are more elevated than the anti-inflammatory response, without differences among groups regarding drug sensitiveness.

13-16

Authors: Mariana Jian, Vitalie Cobzac, Victoria Vartic, Viorel Nacu

Background: Currently hepatocytes obtaining is prerequisite to create the necessary conditions for medical research, because it is an important tool in developing of new strategies in tissue engineering domain, which represents obtaining functional organs in laboratory conditions. Material and methods: The study was made on adult Wistar rats liver with body weight 274.66± 2.52 g (n=3) which were used for hepatocytes extraction by perfusion through the upper cave vein with combination of type II collagenase and type I dispase and Hank’s 0.9 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EDTA and 25 mM HEPES (HiMedia, India). Results: The cells were counted with trypan blue 0.25% in hemocytometer and cultured in William’s E medium (HiMedia, India) with 2 mM L-glutamine, 5% fetal bovine serum (Lonza, Belgium), antibiotic antimycotic solution (HiMedia, India), 100 nM dexamethasone and 100 nM insulin, with 2.5 x 105 cells per well in 12-well plates. After isolation were obtained 324, 48 ± 1, 25 x 106 hepatocytes, with a viability of 94.7 ± 0.9 % which indicates a high yield of cells viability. Conclusions: The hepatocyte isolation method by liver perfusion with the combination of collagenase-dispase is feasible for obtaining a large amount of functional hepatocytes intended for the recellularization in vitro of decellularized liver scaffolds. The yield and viability of hepatic cells could be increased by enzymatic digestion of liver tissue using combination of collagenase/dispase solution due to the less cytotoxic effect.

24-27

Authors: Ecaterina Carpenco

Background: Cancer research was focused on the studying of proper tumor cells for a long time. Despite the huge progress, there are still a lot of questions, that’s why new molecular markers must be identified. These could reveal new information about tumorigenesis. Material and methods: 15 cases of ductal invasive breast carcinomas have been analyzed and researched on tumor associated macrophages via immunohistochemistry. CD68 was used as a macrophage marker and CD68+ cells were evaluated in tumor nest and peritumoral area, as well as hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2 protein. Results: Most of tumors (10 cases out of 15/ 66.7%) were moderately differentiated (G2). The mean and std. error of mean of intratumoral CD68+ cells were 2.0±0.2, of peritumoral CD68+ cells – 1.4±0.2. Intratumoral CD68+ cells registered higher scores than those located in the peritumoral area. Conclusions: CD68+ cells are more likely to be present in the tumor nest rather than in the peritumoral area. This research did not establish any significant correlations between intratumoral and peritumoral CD68+ cells and patients’ age, tumor grade, expression of ER and PR. The content of peritumoral CD68+ cells inversely correlated with the number of HER2+ carcinoma cells.

31-34

Authors: Eugenia Bogonovschi, Ion Bologan

Background: Failure to provide antenatal information for pregnant women as well as to complete the perinatal medical records at each visit may have negative effects on the child development. Material and methods: A retrospective documentary review study was carried out, which included 100 women of fertile age. The questionnaire included 80 questions within the following rubrics: personal information about the patient, obstetrical-gynecological medical history, and perinatal medical card. Results: The patients were divided into the following age groups – 2 patients (2.0%). The recommended weight gain range is ≤12 kg, whereas 59 patients (59%) reported the highest weight gain ≥ 20 kg and others showed a mean range of 12-20 kg. The assessment of parity’s effects on fetal weight proved that multiparous women give birth to heavyweight newborns. Women in their second pregnancies make up 62%. Vaginal and cesarean births were registered in 88% and 12% of cases, respectively. Spontaneous abortions were reported in 20%, abortions on demand – 21%, and premature births in 5% of cases. The perinatal medical records were fully completed in 49.0% and partially – in 51.0% of cases. Conclusions: The amount of perinatal medical card fulfillment has reached the lowest level, including the ”gravidogram” that refers to the fetal growth charts.

41-45

Authors: Angela Babuci

Background: Interest in anatomical variability and individual specific features of the extracranial branches of the facial nerve, taking into consideration that nowadays, people are so concerned about their physical look, the knowledge of facial nerve peripheral branching is of high clinical significance. Even, if it is hardly difficult do discover something new, or unusual at the macromicroscopic level, we believe that reading this paper oncologists and oromaxillofacial surgeons will be surprised by anatomical variations of the peripheral braches of the facial nerve. Material and methods: Our research project was carried out on 52 cadaveric semiheads that previously were fixed in 10% formalin solution: 36 male and 16 female; 25 of those samples were right and 27 left side semiheads. The bilateral pattern of dissection was carried out on 30 semiheads and unilateral dissection – on 22 semiheads. The dissected samples were photographed. Some samples were marked out with black papers for better contrast. Results: The facial trunk on its exit from the sylomastoid foramen was descendent in 32 cases (61.54%), in 9 cases (17.3%) it ran horizontally and in 5 cases (9.62%) it had an ascending course, but in 6 cases (11.54%) the branches derived directly from the trunk in a fan-like fashion. According to the known classification of the facial nerve peripheral branching, the following percentage for each type was established: Type I (23.1%); Type II (7.7%); Type III (1.9%); Type IV (38.5%); Type V (7.7%); Type VI (9.7%). Few intermediate types have been marked out such as: Type II-III (3.8%); Type III-IV (3.8%), Type V-VI (3.8%). When dissecting the facial nerve we observed that the trunk in 37 cases divided into two primary braches and in 15 cases there were marked out diffuse types of branching. Conclusions: A significant characteristics of the facial nerve is its variability and individual specific features. Among the well known classified types of peripheral branching of the facial nerve, there are intermediate types of its extracranial divisions.

50-56

Authors: Elena Cirjau, Emilia Behta

Background: About one century ago, was found and described a new virus, which, due to its particular way of damaging cells, was called cytomegalovirus. Human is the only natural source of cytomegalovirus infection. The relevance is that it is a widespread pathology, and due to its ability to “disguise” in the human body, remains unnoticed until the “defect” appears in the body’s immune system. It is especially dangerous for pregnant women, children and people with immunodeficiency. It is one of the most common infections that cause pathology in the fetus and newborns, which, in turn, leads to serious consequences, from disability to child death. There are many ways of cytomegalovirus transmission: airborne, parenteral, domestic contact, sexual and vertical (transplacentally, with aspiration of secretions from the birth canal and natural feeding). The virus is able to have a direct and indirect effect on the body. It is able to independently induce immunosuppression. The article describes the epidemiological data, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and modern methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection. Also, some diagnostic problems in immunosuppressive organisms are described. Conclusions: Due to its consequences, namely, children`s disability, death and immunosuppressed people, cytomegalovirus has become a demographic problem. A high infection frequency indicates a low level of social development of the population. More public awareness is needed on the transmission and possible consequences of cytomegalovirus infection.