Journal of Innovative Biology

063-067

Authors: Dhirender Kaushik*, Reena Saini, Avatar Chand Rana, Pawan Kaushik

The present study deals with the evaluation of the Geno-cytotoxic effect of the abacavir at different doses 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg (b.w) by using peripheral blood micronucleus assay(tail cut method), sperm abnormality assay and chromosomal aberration assay. In the Peripheral blood micronucleus assay there was increase in the Micronuclei in the peripheral blood of group II & group III in drug treated rats (p<0.01), significantly as compared to control group but not more than the standard. In sperm abnormality assay, administration of abacavir for 28 consecutive days, result marked decrease in sperm count, testis weight but not significant effect was observed in morphological study of sperm. In vivo chromosomal aberration assay, all drug treated group showed significant value (p<0.01) as compared to control and in chromosomal aberrations the percentage of abbreviation significantly (p<0.01) increased at 300 and 600mg/kg & at 100mg/kg showed (p < 0.05) significant value. Thus it can be concluded that abacavir induces abnormality in genetic makeup and fertility function because of its genocytotoxic nature

078-083

Authors: Seema Sangwan*, Rameshwar Singh

In today’s world where diabetes has become an epidemic, our aim evaluated the effect of probiotics fermented milk prepared using Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Lactobacillus casei NCDC19 on progression of type-2 diabetes. Male albino Wistar rats were fed with normal chow diet (control) and HFD i.e. high fructose diet (68.35% fructose) for 63 days. The high fructose diet fed rats were also given LGG and L. casei NCDC 19 fermented milk along with HFD till the end of study. The groups fed with probiotic fermented milk along with HFD showed low fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides than the pure diabetic group fed with only HFD. Oxidative stress was also decreased in these groups. These results concluded that probiotic fermented milks have beneficial approach against type-2 diabetes. Therefore continuous feeding of fermented milks can be considered as an important dietary defense weapon to fight against type-2 diabetes in our daily life.

097-104

Authors: Harsh Panwar*

Abstract: Colostrums and milk are rich source of antimicrobial proteins and peptides which plays a vital role in immunity of offspring and accelerate maturation of their immune system. These primary protective factors of milk do have potential to be explored as bio-therapeutic agents in prevention and therapy of multiple microbe mediate infections and food spoilage. Natural bioactive components of milk exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties that open new avenues for development of safe and cost effective therapies. This review provides a brief overview of the antimicrobial components of milk with their potential application as therapeutic agents. The term ‘bovine’ used in upcoming sections, represents Cow and Bufallo milk, unless until specified. A detailed understanding of these antimicrobial proteins and other components offers great potential to add value to the dairy industry. There is rich scope of identifying novel milk peptides having both nutritional and therapeutic values.

112-116

Authors: Kamal Rai Aneja*, Vikas Kumar, Chetan Sharma

Abstract: Trianthema portulacastrum L., an indigenous plant to South Africa, is a very common weed of tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. In the years 2011-13 a series of surveys for natural enemies of horse purslane were conducted in Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. A leaf spot disease was found on horse purslane at Kurukshetra. A species of Fusarium was isolated on PDA and TeDA media from infected leaves. On the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics, it was identified as Fusarium chlamydosporum Wollenw. & Reinking. In vitro inoculation on Trianthema leaves, the pathogen showed similar symptoms as occurred in nature. Thus, proving pathogenicity and Koch’s posulates. This is the first report of occurrence of F. chlamydosporum causing leaf spot on horse purslane from the world.

122-125

Authors: Pushpa Rani, Anurag Tiwari*, Rahul Navin, Shivani Sood

Abstract: This paper deals with Physico-chemical parameters of River Ganga water in Haridwar during Kanwar Mela 2013.Different chemical parameters like temperature, pH, total solid, total dissolved solids, total suspended solid, hardness, DO, COD & chlorides in River Ganga water were analyzed. The physico-chemical parameters were found to be within the safe limits of drinking and domestic uses as World health organization WHO. This study indicates that there is a little increase in water pollution level in River Ganga during Kanwar Mela, Haridwar. The results clearly indicated that the mass bathing linked with ritual activities increased the values of different parameters of World Health Organization. The water was fit for drinking purposes on Holy days like Somvati Amavasya, Poornima.

003-014

Authors: Seema Sangwan, Rameshwar Singh*, Sudhir Kumar Tomar

With snowballing interest in eating for health in the developed world coupled with the endemic obesity problem, much attention is being directed towards delivering soluble fibers to the consumer through food. Cereal foods are obvious and major sources of healthy soluble and insoluble fiber grown over 73% of the total global harvested area. These contribute to over 60% of the world food production providing about 50 percent of protein and energy necessary for the human diet. Oats provide more protein, fiber, iron and zinc than other whole grains. They have high nutritive value both for people and animals because of good taste and an activity of stimulating metabolic changes in the body. Oats are said to be unique among cereals as they are therapeutically active against diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, inflammatory state and vascular injury than other grains which are predominantly insoluble, such as wheat or rice. This review highlights the nutritional value of oats, β-glucan in them as biologically defense modifier, their mode of action against various diseases and enlists various fermented and non-fermented products of oats available in market.

027-030

Authors: Parveen Surain*, Kamal Rai Aneja

Discovery of active principles in plants have given credence to the idea that integration of traditional medicine into the health care delivery would be very promising and should be encouraged. The incidence of Candida infections are rising at an alarming rate throughout the world. To overcome these alarming problem researchers are increasingly turning their attention to folk medicine, looking for new leads to develop better drugs against microbial infections. Different organic and aqueous extracts of Crinum asiaticum were screened for their anticandidal activity against five (9 isolates) human pathogenic Candida spp. by agar well diffusion assay. The pattern of growth inhibition varied with the six different solvents used for extraction. Out of six solvents, dichloromethane showed best activity against all tested Candida spp. with zone of inhibition ranging between 12.3mm and 20.6mm. Of the five Candida spp., C.albicans strain-2 was found to be most sensitive with maximum zone of inhibition of 20.6mm followed by C.krusei strain- 1(17.3mm), C.albicans strain-4, C.glabrata (15.6mm) , C.albicans strain-1 (14.6), C.albicans strain-3 (12.3mm) and no activity was observed in C.tropicalis, C.krusei strain-2 and C.lusitaniae. The MIC tested for all the leaves extracts ranged between 100mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml in dichloromethane extract. The result obtained in the present study suggests that the dichloromethane extract of C.asiaticum can be used in treating candidiasis caused by different species of Candida. however, further investigations will be needed for the isolation, characterization and exploitation of bioactive principles responsible for anticandidal activity.

035-044

Authors: Sushil Nagar*, Anuradha Mittal, Vijay Kumar Gupta

This paper reports an economical method for immobilization of xylanase by physical adsorption on residual wheat bran obtained after the extraction of enzyme following solid state fermentation. The optimization of process parameters through response surface methodology gave an immobilization of 83.6 % and protein binding of 82%. The values optimized by RSM were validated with adsorption isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations). The monolayer capacity (KL/aL) for 0.04 g of residual wheat bran was corresponds to 5.25 mg of protein. The pH and temperature stability was enhanced after immobilization. The bound enzyme displayed a higher Vmax and it could be reused for 15 cycles still retaining 70.0 % of its initial activity. The enzyme was fully stable during storage at 4°C for two months. The immobilized enzyme was found to be effective in removing chromophores from the newspaper pulp. The chromophores released by the enzyme exhibited absorbance at 240 to 360 nm wavelengths with maximum at 300 nm. The immobilization protocol proposed here is apparently cost-effective as it reuses the wheat bran. A considerable stability and reusability of the bound enzyme may be advantageous for its industrial application.

051-056

Authors: Chetan Sharma*, Kamal Rai Aneja, Parveen Surain, Romika Dhiman, Pankaj Jiloha, Vikas Meashi, Manpreet Kaur

The antimicrobial activity of Acacia nilotica leaves and bark extracts were assayed against the six ear pathogens causing otitis infection namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp. and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. Organic leaves and bark extracts displayed antimicrobial activity against all the tested ear pathogens, while aqueous leaves extract showed activity against three tested bacterial ear pathogens. Aqueous bark extracts were unable to exhibit any antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of A. nilotica leaves and bark extracts were found against S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 23.6 mm and 20.6mm in acetonic extract with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 6.25mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml. The MBC values ranged between 6.25mg/ml and 505mg/ml for the different bacterial ear pathogens while showed the common MFC value of 50 mg/ml against C. albicans. These results indicate that acetonic leaves extract of A. nilotica could be used as a source of antimicrobial agents to treat otitis infections.