European Journal of Social and Human Sciences

139-145

Authors: Hamed Alavi

Fair trade endeavours to provide higher level of finance for producers, sustainable long term buyer seller relationship, formation of effective producer organizations, improve community development and promote environmental friendly production methods. The fair trade process started with coffee. As a result, Coffee still has the highest share of quantity among all fair trade products in the market with highest number of involved producers and workers providing the guaranteed minimum price for coffee sold under fair trade label is supposed to reduce financial risk of farmers and provide better living standard for their workers. However, obtaining fair trade certificates are not free of charge from 2004 as producer should pay for application, initial certificate and also renewal of certificate. Payment of such fees can take away a substantial part of premium received by farmers. Other problem to notice is that fair trade buyers do not guarantee the procurement of whole production of certified producers. As a result, farmers will face a dilemma of whether or not to apply for fair trade certifications or continue renewal of their certificates. In other words, cost and benefits of receiving fair trade certificate is not completely clear for many producers. in its endeavour to tackle above mentioned problem , this paper will take a comparative approach to existing research materials on coffee production under FLC in Latin America to find answer to the question of what are costs and benefits of being a certified fair trade coffee producer? Paper is divided into four main parts. After the introductory part, economics of fair trade certificates will be reviewed. Third part will provide analysis on cost and benefits of receiving fair trade certificate and last but not the least, fourth part will provide conclusive remarks on the discussion.

152-159

Authors: Petra Jesenská

The aim of an author is to analyse new Anglicisms used in Slovak from the perspective of adapted orthography and frequency in the Slovak National Corpus (SNC). Significant for our research is the time of the first appearance of an English item in a target language (Slovak in our case). Our hypothesis is to prove that modern neological Anglicisms are considered new in source language as well. Combination of observation, description, explication, analysis and comparison and are the main research methods which are to be applied. Two versions of the SNC are compared: an older version, prim-6.0-public-all available for Slovak users since 2013, and a recent version, prim-7.0-public-all, available for the public since 2015. The aim of both electronic databases of enormous size is to collect all expressions emerging Slovak language. The SNC also provides the date of first emergence of an item and its source, too. The work with the British National Corpus and Online Etymology Dictionary was inevitable, too.