INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

609-615

Authors: Abdulaziz Al Rasheed, Fasih Maqbool and Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty

Hyperglycemia among hospitalized critically ill patients has been shown to be an independent predictor of poor outcomes. The aim was to assess the level of hyperglycemia with different dietary regimens of ICU patients (oral, and enteral feeding) and to correlate levels of blood glucose with the severity of the diseases. A prospective cohort study was conducted at ICU of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period between April and August 2017. Thirty-four patients from both sexes, 27 - 79 years were randomly selected. The first 24 hours’ blood glucose test was taken at the time of admission then twice/month and for a maximum of three months. The last blood glucose levels were recorded at the time when referred to the ward or at the time of discharge. The severity of illness was assessed by APACHE II score which was recorded during the first 24 hours after admission and at the time when referred to the ward or the discharge. A total of 34 subjects, 67.6% males and 32.4% females were enrolled. Their age of the subjects was 62.1±13.3 years. The mean body mass index was 27.0±5.2 kg/m2 and that of the females was significantly higher than that of the males (30.9 versus 25.1 kg/m2). The means blood glucose levels were insignificantly different between orally-fed and tube-fed patients (9.7±3.7 vs 9.5±3.2 mmol/l, respectively). Regarding the severity of the diseases, there is a positive correlation between blood glucose level and the severity of the disease assessed by APACHE II score (r=0.543, p<0.5). The mode of feeding did not affect the glycemic levels in critically ill patients and the simple blood glucose level might be used as an indicator of severity of the disease.

625-630

Authors: Erhenhi AH

This study was carried out to assess the riparian vegetation along Ofe River, Ondo State, Nigeria as well as the air and water temperature and soil analysis. Plants were collected around the river bank alongside the soil samples for chemical analysis. The plants were identified and soil samples analyzed. The study revealed the presence of sixteen (16) plant species belonging to twelve (12) families including Apocynaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Athyriceae, Costaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Musaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae. It was observed that majority of the plants were herbs with few trees and shrubs. The air temperature range between 310C and 350C while the water temperature range between 260C and 300C. Soil analysis showed the presence of metals such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in varying concentrations. The results from this study revealed the presence of several species of plant as dominant in the Ofe River of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study also showed that there is lack of anthropogenic activities which has resulted in the high flora diversity of the study area.

638-644

Authors: Sheleme Kaba

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an annual tuber and monocotyledonous crop. The plant Genus comprises of over 600 species with only 10 species producing edible tuber. A field experiment was conducted at Western Oromia to recommend appropriate tuber weight of yam cutting for the farming and its economic feasibility for communities in western Oromia for two consecutive years during the main cropping season of 2017 and 2018 at Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC) on station and subsite of Gute. Yam variety Bulch, which is adapted to the agro-ecology of the area, was used for the study appropriate tuber weight of yam cutting. Planting was done on April and yam tuber cutting at different gram were planted at a spacing of 80 cm between rows and 30 cm between plants. After cutting up the tuber into mini-setts, takes ash and rub ash onto the freshly cut fresh that are exposed. Nitrogen fertilizer was used 100kg/ha in two splits and 100kg/ha NPS which were used.100kg/ha NPS and half Nitrogen fertilizer applied after emergence and the remaining half a month after first application along the rows of each plot to ensure that N is evenly distributed. The treatment consists of factorial combination of one variety (Bulch) with six treatment ((50-100g/ha), (101-150g/ha), (151-200g/ha), (201-250g/ha), (2501-300g/ha) and (whole size as control)) yam tuber cutting different weight size. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each plot will be 4.8m long and 3m wide (6 rows). Finally, yam tuber plant in the central net plot area (9.6 m2) was harvested at normal physiological maturity. Therefore, the result of the economic analysis (partial budget) show that best promising yam tuber cutting size weight 201-250g (78874.3 birr) followed by 151-200g (73096.3birr) and 251-300g (70936.3 birr) and tuber yield tone hectare (57.95 tone/ha, 56.42 tone/ha and 54.45 tone/ha respectively were recommended for farmer or end user in western Oromia of yam production area and similar agroecology.

649-654

Authors: Saradha M

The objective is to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract of tuberous root of Decalepis salicifolia. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in mice and anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan, formalin and histamine induced paw edema in rats. In the acute toxicity study, oral median lethal dose (LD50) was found that the extract was non-toxic up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. The Decalepis salicifolia root extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) was found to possess, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a dose-dependent manner and related inhibition were achieved in histamine, followed by formalin and the effect was compared with standard drug. The above results will be the supporting evidence for the potential anti-rheumatoid activity of D. salicifolia in our Indian traditional medicine system.

665-669

Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Soni Kumari, and Singh VN

Aegle marmelos leaf extract induce the anodic protein concentration in semen of treated group of mice which increased highly significantly (P<0.001) than the control. However, cathodic protein concentration increased insignificantly than the control. Due to increase in anodic protein concentration, total electrophoretic protein concentration of treated group of mice also increased highly significantly (p<0.001) after 10 to 50 days of treatment than the control. Aqueous leaf extract of Aegle marmelos selectively modulate seminal proteins. Significant increase in anodic protein concentration in semen of Aegle marmelos treated mice may add more negative charges on sperm surface membrane which affect capacitation and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa that may cause infertility among treated group of mice.

681-690

Authors: Souransu Jena, Goutam Sabat and Mohanty BK

A preliminary study of the manifold works done to apprehend the effect of salinity and the response of the crop in turn has been illustrated here. With respect to the devastating effect of salinity on this staple food crop, it is very important assimilate the knowledge of the response of the crop towards salinity. The germination percentage, Root and Shoot length, pigments and all biochemical parameters decreased with the increase in Salt Stress to rice seeds.The Low salt concentration has affected the biochemical parameters slightly, but increase in treatment decreased the parameters like Amino Acids (Root), Protein (Shoot) and DNA (Shoot). The Protein content in Root and RNA content in Shoot did not respond to the treatment of NaCl to rice seedlings. However, there was increased response of Protein (Root and Shoot), DNA and RNA (Root) contents. Overall, The salt stress has a little effect on biochemical parameters studied in the seedlings of oryza sativa L. This work is a minor attempt to summarize the salient contributions and breakthroughs made in this area in the course of understanding the response and thus the plant defence to fight salinity as a stress.

701-704

Authors: Pryuttma and Singh RP

The ameliorating effect of Withania somnifera was evaluated against changes in sperm profile of mice. The animals received Endosulfan (Pesticide) once daily for 35 days at the dose of 3 mg/kg body wt by oral gavage method and observed toxic effect such as of reduction in the number of sperm and sperm motility which signify the testicular dysfunctions and finally causes infertility. To ameliorate the toxic effect made by endosulfan, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandh) was administered to mice along with its food @ 150 mg/kg body wt. The potent medicinal power like antioxidant, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, aphrodisiac, astringent, deobstruent, diuretic, narcotic, sedative, anti-tumor and anti-ulcerogenic activities in the root extract of Withania somnifera alleviate the fluctuation in sperm count and sperm motility which was decreased by pesticide treatment.

710-714

Authors: Bahadure RB

This study reveals that the age correlated study of DNA, RNA and Protein concentration in human saliva from Amravati city to analyses the DNA, RNA and protein concentration of different age groups and different nutritional classes of people and found differences in concentration therefore this study suggests that there is much significant difference in overall DNA, RNA and protein concentration with age, gender, nutrition and health. This study suggested that the DNA, RNA and proteins from saliva of an individual may provide vast information about his health status, immune response, genetic makeup, enzymatic activity etc.

722-726

Authors: Bele MS and Bahadure RB*

This study evaluated that the supplementation provided as poultry feed at early developmental stages of poultry birds to showed significant growth and development. Such as water, protein carbohydrates fats minerals and vitamins are essential to life, growth, production. The morphological study of growth of chicks was taken in the laboratory circumstance when they were rearing. The nurture in laboratory situation was observed the development and growth on the basis 31 days of rearing of differentiate groups of chicks. In the present trialing, young chicks were provided with regular white grains as a conventional food along with formulated feed supplementation containing with whole molluscan animal and shell crush to the experimental groups and observed for 31 days in the laboratory situation exposed the admirable weight over the control chicks with hygiene. It was found that 40-50 % increase in weight was observed after 31 days indicating the overall growth development of the birds feed with additional diet for evolutionary study.

733-745

Authors: D. Srinivasa Rao and Khudsia Hussain*

The present study on the Microorganisms Diversity of Machilipatnam Coast in the mangrove region leads to findings of several species of Bacteria and Fungi belonging to various genera. These microorganisms are taxonomically diverse and genetically special. Mangroves are an important part of the coasts acting as an intermediary zone between land and water. In the present study Field Collection trips were undertaken at Station I (Pedapatnam) and Station II (Polatitippa) for a period of one year spanning between January 2017 and January 2018. Sediment Sampling was done at regular intervals. Water samples were collected from the stations just below the surface, Sediment samples were analysed for concentration of organic matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Iron and Manganese. This helped in determining the ecological factors for the growth of microorganisms. Mangroves are rich in bacterial flora. The bacterial population is huge and greater than Fungi. In the marine environment 90% of the bacteria are Gram negative as their cell wall is better adapted for survival. The open sea is a fungal desert where yeast or lower Fungi are attached to planktonic organisms or pelagic animals. The higher marine Fungi occur as parasites on plants and animals or as symbionts in marine lichens and algae. Samples were collected using Grabs, the central portion of the sediment sub samples were collected aseptically by alcohol rinsed polyvinyl core with 3 cm diameter. The top fraction of the sediment samples were used for analysis.

753-759

Authors: Khetade Roshan H, Bharsagade Prachi D, Patil Pranali and Umekar Milind J

Saraca indica, commonly known as Asoka-tree, ashok or simply Asoca is a plant belonging to the subfamily Detarioideae of the family Fabaceae. In Ayurveda, the bark is used in indigestion, pyrexia, burning sensation, colic, ulcers, menorrhagia, vaginal discharge and acnes and Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the comparative study for total tannin content by folin-denis reagent for Saraca indica for the methanolic extract of young leaves of Saraca indica contains more percentage of tannic acid as compared to mature leaves and young leaves of Ficus religiosa contains more percentage of tannic acid as compared to mature leaves. Total flavonoid content for Saraca indica for the methanolic extract of young leaves of Saraca indica contains more percentage of flavonoids as compared to mature leaves and young leaves of Ficus religiosa contains more percentage of flavonoids as compared to mature leaves. The Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of young and mature leaves of Saraca indica by metal chelating method using Ferrosin Ferric chloride for the concentration of 0.04 mg/ml and 0.08 exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity by showing 84.87% and 63.21 and Ficus religiosa concentration of 0.06 mg/ml and 0.08 exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity by showing 92.32% and 73.01inhibition of Ferrosin- ferric chloride complex respectively. So it was planned to explore the antioxidant potential of young and mature leaves of both the plants.