INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

9-13

Authors: Bhosale PA

Cisplatin drug has a anticancer properties for chemotherapy against solid tumors. This drug exhibits effective chemoprevention in cancer therapy and most active cytotoxic agents in the treatment of cancer and also leads to several manipulations and cytotoxicity. In present toxicity studies, sub-lethal dose of cisplatin (LC50/10 for 96 hours) was given to an experimental model, the fresh water bivalve Corbicula striatella for 45 days. The nucleolar changes of developing oocytes from female gonads ovary were observed from control and treated bivalves by using Methyl green and Pyronin-Y stains. It was found that the chronic exposure of anticancer drug, Cisplatin (2.009 ppm) induced alterations in the structure of nucleolus and hence the nucleolus of developing oocytes showed condensation of the chromatin, aggregation of the nucleic acid such as DNA and RNA at certain locations, Overall result high dose of cisplatin the in corbicula Striatella production of multiple or overgrowth and induction of increased number of nucleoli. Extra nucleoli were more prominent in cisplatin treated bivalves after 45 days of exposure.

19-23

Authors: Mali KH and Zambare SP

Forensic entomology is one of the important branch of the forensic science. It is developed over the years. It was useful for the finding post mortem interval (PMI) with the help of season of death, geographical location of death, movement or storage of remains after death etc. Insects are greatly provides valuable information from their life cycle and there developmental stages. The age of the most developed blow fly larvae (Calliphoridae) can indicate a minimum post-mortem interval (PMI) since blow flies are usually the first colonizers on remains. To calculate the age of blow fly larvae develop on a corpse, their development has to be determined as correctly as possible. This is important for solving crime. Proposed work done on the Calliphoridae fly, Lucilia cuprina which is common in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra state in India. The objective of this research work was to prepare preliminary database of fly present in this geographic area and environmental conditions.

29-32

Authors: Chetankumar Sharma, Manoj Patil, Shubhangi Naiknaware and Geeta Patil

Store grain pests are damaging our economy by infecting agriculture stored product. Present investigations evaluated the mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) after the treatment of Leaves extract of Annona squamosa in aqueous solvent. After treatment of 96 hrs. leaf extract of Annona squamosa show the insecticidal effect in aqueous extract show LD10 and LD50 Values at 1.416 and 3,951 ml/kg respectively.

39-43

Authors: Hemant Kumar Nahar

The aim of the present study was primarily to evaluate the medicinal uses of the plants known to some Rajgarh district of Madhya Pradesh, India tribes and to encourage preservation of their culture, conservation and sustainable utilization of the plant wealth. The present study revealed a record of 15 plant species belong to 13 families and 15 genera was reported with further emphasis on their vernacular names, popular uses, parts used along with habitat which are used in the folk medicine of Rajgarh district of Madhya Pradesh, India. These plant species were arranged alphabetically by their families and Plant part & Disease. Ethono- medicinal plant survey was conducted in the year 2018-2019 in eight villages of Rajgarh district of Madhya Pradesh which are used in different disease. Floristic spectrum of the Ethno medicinal plants used in Rajgarh District are shown in Table 2. life forms are shown in Fig-3. tree species is maximum used for ethono-medicine. It is believed to be a form of healthcare in many Aspects of curing practices. The plants were arranged alphabetically by their Botanical name followed by Family name, Plant parts used and medicinal uses. This wisdom available with the tribes is transmitted only through oral communication therefore needs conservation.

47-52

Authors: Damade Kanchan R, Savdekar Nitesh P and Chaudhary Rakesh

Four aromatic azo dyes with hydroxyl groups (I-IV) were selected and synthesized by diazo coupling reactions. The relationships between structures of the compounds and their Fe-complexes were done through UV-VIS spectroscopical method. The excellent solubility in green mixture of ethanol-water and simple synthetic process make the compounds potential chromogenic sensor for detecting and complexing Fe+2 ions presents in tap water without using any catalyst and complicated analytical procedures, which can be visualize even through naked eye. Compounds I-IV could impart proper UV-VIS responses upon addition of Fe (II) metal ions presented 150mg/lit in tap water.

58-60

Authors: Firdousi SA

During the extensive and intensive survey of the forest fungal and bacterial disease of Azadirachta indica (Neem) growing in the road side, field, scrub forest near natural forest, plantations and nurseries, about nine type of fungal and bacterial disease were recorded during 2017-2019. The disease was damping off, leaf web blight, leaf spot, leaf blight, powder mildew, bacterial leaf spot, seedling blight were recorded in different study sites in the different season. The causal organism (pathogen) were identified as Pseudosercospora, Alternaria, Oidium, Xanthomonas, Colletotrichum, Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia.

67-70

Authors: Khanduri Preeti

Management of agricultural soils include the structural, biological and mineral health of the soil, besides N, P and K to produce nutritionally-dense food. The 11th five-year plan (2007-2012) for the first time acknowledged the importance of proper soil management in agriculture. Soil health cannot be determined by measuring only crop yield and water quality but by the evaluation of indicators, which are physical, chemical and biological. The degradation and loss of soil is a problem seriously affecting the production of the world's food crops. Soil disturbance can be the result of physical, chemical or biological activities. Salinity is another major abiotic factor which limits the growth and productivity of plants due to the use of poor quality water for irrigation and soil salinization. The higher the salinity of irrigation water, the higher is its salinity hazard for the crops if the soil and climatic conditions and the cultural practices remain the same. Salt stress is considered as an alarming condition for the ill health of the plant. Proper soil management includes crop rotation, fertilizer applications and irrigation methods which help to decrease the soil exhaustion. Soil Health Card (SHC), a Government of India’s scheme is being implemented through the Department of Agriculture of all the State and Union Territory Governments which contains the status of the soil with respect to different parameters. The SHC indicates fertilizer recommendations and soil amendment required for the farm. Scientists in the field of biotechnology are developing hybrid plants that may provide greater yields even in exhausted soil by the use of recombinant DNA technology. Different initiatives are being taken up by the Governments and individuals for solutions to soil loss and exhaustion.

78-83

Authors: Patil SY

Macrofungi (Mushrooms) are an important and integral component of the ecosystem. Mostly mushrooms are fleshy, sub fleshy or sometimes leathery, umbrella like sporophore, saprophytic in nature. The survey was conducted in rainy and winter season of 2016 in 3 different places which included Mountains, Grassland and Forest areas of North Maharashtra. A total number of eleven species belonging to ten genera were recorded viz. Aminita pantherina (Fr.) Krombh, Coprinus brunnaeofibrillos Dennis, Coprinus comatus (Mull) Pers. Daedalia stereoides (Bull.) Fries, Fomes conatus (Weinm.) Gill, Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.) Karst., Gymnopilus chrysopellus (Berk & Crutis) Murril, Lactarius deliciosus (L., Fr.) Gray., Pholiota kodiakensis Sm.& Hesler Pleurotus flabellatus Sacc., and Polyporous bicolour Jungh.

87-90

Authors: Archana Chaudhari

Blue green algae are ecologically important due to their potential ability to thrive on adverse conditions. They occur in diverse habitat and establish themselves successfully on it. Members of blue green algae have mucilage sheathing which protect them from desiccation, also play important role in soil conservation indirectly. Many filamentous taxa of blue green algae forms crust over moist soils. Scytonema Ag. is one of the heterocystous filamentous blue green algae. It forms deep olive green to blackish brown coloured crust on moist soils. Naturally growing total sixteen species of Scytonema Ag. were observed and enumerated taxonomically in present communication from North Maharashtra soils. Heterocystous blue green algal crust helps in enriching soil content by adding combined nitrogen in it.

98-101

Authors: Sainkhediya Jeetendra and Ray Sudip

The present study is based on Phyto-taxonomical analysis of angiospermic species found In Satpura region of Harda district of Madhya Pradesh, India during the period of 2011-2016. It is selected because it has been given little attention of its vegetation. Present study records 902 wild and naturalized species of flowering plants which are distributed in 532 genera and 117 families. Dicotyledon represents 672 species, 397 genera and 95 families and monocotyledon represents 230 species, 135 genera and 22 families. The percentage of plant species in dicotyledons is 74.85 % and the monocotyledons represent 25.4 % but in the flora of world, the percentage of dicotyledons and monocotyledons are 81.3 % and 18.7 % respectively. The present quantitative checklist indicates the potential plant resources of the range which can be used for future biodiversity inventories and species conservation. The floristic information of Harda district of Madhya Pradesh is now available for the first time with this publication.

106-109

Authors: Deore Ashok N and Tathod Swati S

Nagpur division is the part of vidarbha it includes about 6 districts. Survey of grasses biodiversity of study area conducted during 2014-2018, reported 168 species belonging to 70 genera. Eragrostis is largest genus of study area. It has 14 species which belong to subfamily pooideae. The aim of our study is morpho-taxonomic study of family Poaceae and details of macro and micro morphology of some important grasses.

113-116

Authors: Dongre Sangeeta B

Lamellidens corranius is a freshwater mussel. During spermatogenesis compact follicles, spermatogonia, spermatids, spermatocytes with mature follicles occurred during different stages were recognized. The experiment was conducted throughout the year, the animals were grouped into three, group a) Control animal, group b) Unilaterally cerebralectomized animal and group c) Bilaterally cereralectomized animals. A comparative study showed an abnormal growth in cerebralectomized animals as compared with control. Thus, cerebral ganglia accelerated the growth of gamete which was more pronounced in bilaterally cerebralectomized animals.

122-125

Authors: Masatkar Priyanka A and Deore Ashok N

Amravati is one of the 11 districts of vidarbha. It includes 14 talukas. Flora of Amravati district has been already studied by Dhore (2002) reported 84 species of grasses, during last 16 years no survey was conducted of the area. Survey of grasses conducted during 2014-2018 revealed 117 species belonging to 60 genera. Panicum L. is a forth largest genus of study area It has 4 species which belong to subfamily panicoideae and tribe paniaceae.The aim of our investigation is to study morphotaxonomic revision of family poaceae. It focuses on details of macro and micro morphology of some important grasses.

135-138

Authors: Lambat Ashish, Gadewar Rajesh and Lambat Prachi

Gram is an important sources of protein. The seed infestation by pulse beetle during storage is a major problem. This paper gives a brief account of certain Physical, Physiological, Biochemical and Mycological changes in qualities of Gram seeds due to infestation of pulse beetle during storage. In the present study, it was found that the percentage of moisture content, total ash, crude fiber, and crude protein significantly increased and crude fat total carbohydrate, total sugar reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar significantly decreased in pulse beetle infested seeds of Gram during storage. Increase in protein content is attributed to insect metabolites like uric acid, which is nitrogenous is nature. The incidence percentage of fungi such as species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Curvularia, Fusarium Penicilium and Rhizopus were predominant over all other fungi on infested gram seeds and it is increased with increase in pulse beetle infestation during storage. The physical and physiological qualities of Gram seeds i.e. 100-seed weight, germination, seedling vigour and field emergence percentage decreased with increase in infestation of pulse beetle during storage.

143-149

Authors: Nandre YM and Patole SS

The main aim of this study is to find out the effect of Yoga suryanamaskara on flexibility, BMI and anemia in underweight anemic college students. Anemia hampered the strength, efficiency and health.Yoga has become part and partial of our healthy life and empowerment. For this study, 50 underweight (BMI < 18.50 ) and anemic students aged between 18-22 years who were willingly to participate in the program were selected randomly as subjects from Senior College , Pimpalner, Dhule(MS) for 60 days program from 1st Nov. to 30th Dec.2018. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Yogic practices were progressively introduced to the experimental group on six day in a week for nearly 60 to 70 minutes.The therapy was carried out in the evening from 5.30 pm to 6.45 pm.in Maratha mangal Karyalaya, Pimpalner, Dist. Dhule. The control group was not exposed to any yogic practices. Assesment has been done before and after study for the parameters like flexibility, height, weight andHb% for both groups. After the Yoga therapy every student showed significant positive improvement in flexibility, weight gaining and Hb level among experimental group when compared to control group. Flexibility, BMI and Hb level showed a significant improvement.

155-159

Authors: Kumawat DA, Patil Jayashri K and Shaikh Tauseef J

During the course of studies on biodiversity in algae from North Maharashtra region, the authors came across the 13 colourless euglenoids during January 2019 to November 2019. These are Khawkinea quartana (Moroft) Jahn et MC Kibbben, Astasia comma Pringsh., A. klebsii Lemm. , A. applanata Pringsh., Rhabdomonas costata (Korsch) Pringsh. , Peranema cuneatum Playf., P. inflexum Skuja, Urceolus gobii Skv. Petalomonas tricarinata Skuja, Anisonema platysomum Skuja, Entosiphon ovatum Stokes, Heteronema acutissimum Skuja, & Gyropaigne spirale (Mutv.) Bourr. These were found in polluted waterbodies which have pH below 6 except khawakenea quartana was reported in freshwater, it’s pH was 7.9. The species Gyropaigne spirale is first time recorded from India. All the presented species are described thoroughly & illustrated in this paper.

169-172

Authors: Alawa KS & Ray S

Present paper deals with indigenous knowledge of wine product plants used by tribals of Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh. The ceremonial drink known as “Daru or Mand” in a widely spoken language in local people. It is easy to prepare with varied tastes by local people. The indigenous wine is manufactured by fermentation of cereals grains, fruits, flower and stem juice. Different strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae is used to produce indigenous wine. Most commonly used plants for wine product are Madhuca longifolia (J.koening) , Borassus flabellifer L, Phoenix sylvestries L, Saccharum officinarumL, Malinkara hexandra (Roxb). It is consumed mostly during social and religious ceremonies. Present indigenous records 16 plant species distributing in 10 family and 12 genera which are used by tribals of the study area.

178-182

Authors: Waykar BB and Shinde SM

The objective of our present research was to investigate changes in protein contents in different tissues like mantle, gill, digestive glands and whole soft body of freshwater bivalves Corbicula striatella, Parreysia corrugata and Parreysia cylindrica after exposure to cadmium. Bivalves were exposed to chronic concentration of cadmium (0.1284 ppm) upto 20 days. Changes in protein contlents were found to be exposure dependent. Parreysia cylindrica shows highest protein depletion in different soft tissues as compared to the other studied bivalve species. Among the different studied tissues the digestive glands shows highest depletion in protein content. Thus, the changes in protein contents can be used for early diagnosis of stress or as a probable biomarker for assessment of cadmium metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem.

190-195

Authors: Ugandhar T, Venkateshwarlu M, Odelu G, Rajendra prasad B and Anitha devi U

The present study designed for antimicrobial potential and phytochemical screening of leaves and Fruits of Solanum torvum (Swartz) belongs to the family Solanaceae it is an Important Medicinal Plant. The plant has been used in the folklore system of medicine for the treatment of Asthma, Diabetes and hypertension. To evaluate the antimicrobial potential activity, hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity, reducing power, the total phenolic and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant and antifungal activities of methanol, ethanol and water extracts of leaves and fruits of Solanum thorvum.(Swartz). Methanol, ethanol and water extracts were evaluated against four Gram positive and Gramnegative bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis) and two fungal strains (Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus). Methanol extract at different concentrations was tested for antimicrobial potential and phytochemicals were determined by using spectrophotometric method. The total phenolic content was (40.859±0.017) mg gallic acid/g in the leaves of L. camara, while the total flavonoids were (53.112±0.199) mg/g dry weight. Methanol leaves and fruits extract of Solanum thorvum.(Swartz) showed maximum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was also effective against other bacterial strains as compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits. The methanol leaf extract of Solanum thorvum.(Swartz) exhibited significant inhibition (71%) and (66%) against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus respectively. The methanol extract of the Solanum thorvum.(Swartz) leaves and fruits effective against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Its phytochemical contents have broad antimicrobial properties and the plant might be a novel source of antimicrobial drug.

201-209

Authors: Dambhare Kirti Gadewar Rajesh, Mahajan Ashish

The Biochemical changes such as Protein content and Reducing sugar are occurred in seeds during storage. Literature reported that the total uric acid, nitrogen and free fatty acid of grains increased considerably and non-reducing sugar, reducing sugars and total water soluble sugars decreased during storage. In the present study three different bags Polythene bag (C1), Cloth bag (C2) and Jute bag (C3) of dimensions 20 cm x 30 cm were used for the storage of soybean seed of four different varieties JS-335 (V1), AMS-99-33 (V2), TAMS-38 (V3) and TAMS-98-21 under ambient temperature and relative humidity for a period of 18 months. Portion of the seeds from each container were removed after 3 months (90 days) and examined for Protein content and Reducing sugar observations. In variety (V1), the protein content significantly decreased with increase in storage period. Among the containers Polyethylene bag (C1) showed significantly higher protein content (38.80 %) as compared to Cloth bag (C2) (38.70 %) and Jute bag (C3) (38.25 %) throughout the storage period. The seed protein content was decreased significantly in all four varieties JS-335, AMS-99-33, TAMS-38 and TAMS-98-21 (38.16%, 37.80%, 35.12% and 35%, respectively) after 540 days of storage. It might be due to aging or deterioration of seeds. Loss of germination or viability with increase in moisture content during storage has been found to be closely associated with decrease in protein content of soybean seed by increase in membrane permeability. The reducing sugar content was observed decreasing significantly in all four varieties JS-335 (V1), AMS-99-33 (V2), TAMS-38 (V3) and TAMS-98-21 (V4) during storage. The reducing sugar content was decreased significantly in JS-335, AMS-99-33, TAMS-38 and TAMS-98-21 (0.83 %, 0.80%, 0.78% and 0.76%, respectively) after 540 days of storage. Seeds stored in Polyethylene bag recorded maximum reducing sugar compared to Cloth and Jute bag at the end of storage. This may be due to higher amylase activity that further relates to the moisture content of the seeds.

215-218

Authors: Dhore MM and Wakode AV*

Phenological study is useful to understand regularities in the course of life of plants depending on external conditions of the environment. It is a valuable source of information for the onset and duration of growing seasons in various climatic regions. The present investigation provides the information regarding the phenological events of family Caesalpiniaceae found in Buldhana district of Maharashtra, India. The phenological Characters such as Leafing, flowering and fruiting behavior of 15 plant species of Caesalpiniaceae were studied. From this study the peak period of leafing was found to be Throughout year (for 4 Species) the peak period of flowering shows Throughout year (for 4 Species) and the peak period of fruiting activity was found to be Throughout year (for 4 Species) followed variedly in other species. Such observation will be useful to the students, researcher and people of this region.

226-228

Authors: Bharambe CM and Choudhari Sharda N

Bat guano is an old faecal matter of bat was collected from the old temples located in the rim of Lonar crater of Lonar, Buldana District, Maharashtra (India). It is known for the degradation of pollutants. The various drinking water sources of District Buldana has the characteristics of the presence of fluoride, which is cause serious problems in human beings. In the present study an attempt has been made to employ the Bat guano to reduce the fluoride of the drinking water sources. There was a significant decrease of fluoride against controls. There were 31.88, 22.63, 14.82 10.47, 8.52, 5.5, 2.1, 1.2, 0.7 and 0.6 reduction in the fluoride, at the interval of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 days in the water content after the application of Bat guano. The results are discussed with fluoride pollution reduction. Our investigation indicates that bat guano used for degradation of water pollutants and bioremediation of aquatic ecosystems and also for waste water treatments.

232-234

Authors: Hinge Harsha, Billore DK, Vyas Sanjay

The term Phenology is first used by Belgian Botanist Charles Morren in 1894. Phenology is series of periodic plant life cycle events and is affected by seasonal and inter-annual variation in weather. False mallow, Broom weed, Clock plant, Prickly Malvastrum, and kharenti in hindi is all are common name of Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Gracke belongs to family Malvaceae. It is a weed plant and herbaceous in habit. Its flower opens in noon when the light intensity and temperature is on peak. The present study provide information about phenological stages of these plant has been gathered during a year.

241-246

Authors: Yeotkar Swati

India is one of the largest producers of herbal products and reachest country in the world in regard to genetic resources of medicinal plants. Nature around us has provided everything of necessity of mankind. Plants are natural laboratories where a great number of chemicals are biosynthesized and the may be considered the most important source of chemical compounds. Herbal medicines are prepared from variety of plant parts like leaves, stems, roots, barks, seeds and so on. They usually contain many bioactive compounds and are used primarily for treating mild or chronic ailments. Due to the increasing demand in the field of herbal medicines, it has become necessary and pertinent to know in detail about the systematic knowledge of herbal drugs.

251-257

Authors: Balde Govind Hanmantrao

As we know that parasitolgy, it had profound influence on man and also on his domestic live stock and birds. Many people attempted to understand the parasitological problems from different angles like morphology, systematic life history, pathology, epidemiology control and management. Here the author has undertaken the studies of roundworm specially in association to the taxonomic aspects from Gallus gallus domesticus Much of the interest in parasite morphology comes from the way in which the various pathways have been modified to suit the highly specialized parasitic mode of life. In addition to this intrinsic interest parasite morphology has great practical importance through different production. As the production of vaccines against the nematode parasites necessitates routine in various cultures and for this the morphology knowledge is very important. Parasite morphology can contribute to the development of new drugs and to the elucidation of the mode of action of compounds. Moreover the study to know the mode of biochemical mechanism not only helps to understand the causes of the pathological changes in the hosts but will also help to adapt better prophylactic and epidemiological management. Man being anthropocentric, the accent of number of researchers was to study the pathological effects of nematodes on their hosts particularly himself and animals associated with him. In the present work the author has selected the morphological aspect of nematode {Ascaridia galli,(Schrank, 1778), Freeborn, 1923} parasites from Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus,1758), from Nandurbar region (M.S.) India Present study deals with morphology and taxonomical study of the Ascaridia galli, together with the distinguishing characteristics of male & female worms and systematics of host Gallus gallus domesticus.

263-266

Authors: Bharambe CM and Bathe Prajakta N

Bat guano is an old faecal matter of bat was collected from the old temples located in the rim of Lonar crater of Lonar, Buldana District, Maharashtra (India). It is known for the degradation of pollutants. The sugar factory effluent has the characteristics of hardness due to the presence of Ca++ and Mg++. In the present study an attempt has been made to employ the Bat guano to reduce the hardness of the reclaimed water from sugar factory. There was a significant decrease of hardness against controls. There were 10.47, 14.82, 22.63 and 31.88% reduction at the interval of 10, 20, 30, 40 days in the water after application of Bat guano. The results are discussed with hardness pollution reduction. Our investigation indicates that bat guano used for degradation of water pollutants and bioremediation of aquatic ecosystems and also for waste water treatments.

270-272

Authors: Khadse PM

The use of plants as medicine is as old as human civilization. People of all ages in both developing and developed countries use plants in an attempt to care various diseases and to get relief from physical sufferings. Natural products are a source for a bioactive compounds and have potential for developing some novel therapeutic agents. Hence in the present study pharmacological activity, traditional benefits and phytochemical analysis of Salvia officinalis (Linn.) confirms the presence of various phytochemicals like saponin, terpenoids, steriods, flavonoids, tannins, quinones and alkaloids. The result suggests that, this plant have a great potential for curing various ailments and can be source of useful drugs.

276-282

Authors: Sonawane Deepali and Patole SS

The present study is carried out during the study period Jan 2014 to Dec 2015. It deals with the assessment of water quality in terms of physical parameters. The water samples were collected from three sites of Dedargaon dam which supplies water to Dhule city of Maharashtra state, India. Certain physical parameters like colour, odour, temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), etc. were assessed. The results were compared with the standards prescribed by National and International agencies like World Health Organization (WHO), International Standard Institute (ISI) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The results reveal that the values of physical parameters tasted were found to be in the prescribed permissible limit. Thus, the water is suitable for human use.

289-291

Authors: Rathod VN*, Patil NH, Garud GD, Patil SN, Shinde PS and Mathew Dinu

Bhandardara region comes on the highest plateau of Western Ghats. Survey of fern was carried out from Bhandardarahills. It is a rich biodiversity area. The present attempt was undertaken to give a detailed account of non- flowering plants, especially ferns in these hills. During the survey authors collected 15 species of ferns.belonging to 10 genera and the most important genera are: Adiantum, Chelianthus, Pteris, Athyrium, Tectaria etc. three species of the genus Athyrium is described here for the first time from the area.

295-295

Authors: Kamble Vijay Mahadeorao and Firdousi SA

During the survey of rust fungal diseases of trees of the forest and Jalgaon district, ten rust diseases were found with different host. The rust fungi were Ravenila sessilis, R. indica, R. emblicae, Uredo sp, Cerotelium, fici, Koechneola flacourtia, Olivea, tectonae, olivea terminaliae, Ravenalia hobsonii and Marvelia archoo.

299-304

Authors: Kalse AT and Patil JR

Senga besnardi was the type species obtained from the aquarium fish Betta splendens and included under the genus Senga established by Dollfus (1934). From then till present, 43 new species have been added to it. The present communication deals with the description of a new species, viz. Senga mastacembelae sp.nov. collected from the small intestine of the fresh water fish Mastacebllus armatus obtained from Velhane, Tq. Parola Dist. Jalgaon. S. mastacembelae sp. nov. is characterized by a distinctly triangular scolex which is broad posteriorly and narrows anteriorly. The rostellum at the narrow end is quadrangular and bears 57 to 59 hooks arranged in 4 quadrants. The hooks are stout, single pronged and pointed at both ends. They are of unequal length. A distinct neck lies below the scolex. The mature segments are two times as broad as their length. The testes are large and rounded, 18 to 21 in number, distributed densely on either side of the ovary. The ovary is large, distinctly bilobed, placed antero-posteriorly, in the posterior region of the segment. The eggs are oval in shape

310-314

Authors: Ahirrao IS

Dengue is by transmitted by viruses through the bite of tiger – mosquitoes. Dengue is also known as Dandy-fever. In India Globe and all over Maharashtra. Its spreads through the bite of female anopheline Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Malaria is also mosquito borne infectious in disease of humans and other animals caused by vector transmitting a micro organism Plasmodium, P. vivaz, P. ovale, P. Malariae, P. falciparum all these species are fatal to the if malaria is spread on large scale while the zoonotic species P. knowlesi, is prevalent is South-East Asia, causes malaria in macaques but can also cause severe infections in humans. WHO (2010) estimated that there were 216 million documented cases of malaria. Around 655,000 people died from the disease near about 2000 per day. Mostly children in Africa number may be higher, as precise are unavailable in many rural areas which are undocumented. Malaria Action Programme – 1995 – Govt. of India Guidelines to Control Malaria. Ministry of Health – (M.S.) in Mumbai – Abont 39 cases were recorded 2 – were died. This is a Govt. Hospital figures Private is not recorded. National Malaria Control Programme – 1953 – Govt. of India for malaria eradication.Communicable disease control programmes in India.” Dr. Atanu Sarkar, M.B.B.S., MCH (JNU), Doctor Fellow (JNU), Program Officer, Catholic Health Assn. of India 1st floor, NIIT centre, 7 Ansari Road, Daryaganj New – Delhi – 110002. Health – action – Vol. 13-12 Dec. 2000. District malaria Officer, Nandurbar, year 2003-04.

320-323

Authors: Andhale AV, Chate Shakuntala and Valvi SR

A field experiment was conducted in rabi 2005-2006 on experimental farm of Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Parbhani. The field experiment was carried out to study, "Integrated nutrient management for Rajma". Nutrient sources were inorganic fertilizers (NPK and micronutriets). Organic manure and biofertilizers. The effect of these nutrient sources along and in combination was studied on nutrient availability at harvest in soil and other physico-chemical properties of soil, growth attributes, yield, and uptake of nutrients and quality parameters of Rajma.

327-332

Authors: Mujalde Dwivedi HS and Dwivedi Pinky

The sky seems to go on forever! You can look in any direction for miles and see no trees or bushes. It might just seem like a lot of grass, but this place is teeming with life. You are in a grassland biome, grasslands have many names-prairies, pampas, steppes, and savannas. They are all areas where rain isn't predictable. Grasslands receive more rain than deserts and less rain than forests. The rainfall in a grassland doesn't support many trees. Grassland has unique plants and animal. To keep grassland healthy plants and animals work together. Indian grassland have been classified into eight major types and two types Sehima Dichanthium and Dichanthium Cenchrus are present in M.P. Research area - Mandva is situated in the Vindhyanchal Range at 2,000 feet above sea level. There is a deep ravine which separates it from the Malwa Plateau in Central India. In Dhar District is located at western part of M.P. and lies between latitude 22.3271° N, 75.4053° E at 35 km from Dhar city. Its belong to semi-arid zone and it is bounded villages are Nalcha, Tarapur, Panala, Sulibaedi, Kalighati, Sarai, lunhera khurd, Golpura and faraspura. Grasses are a great economic potential some being very highly ornamental. Over dairy industries dependent on grasses and plays crucial roll in world and eco system and bio-diversity perusual of literature reveals that grass flora of study area is little known major. Hence through the study of grasses in study area is necessary to know the occurrence and distribution of grasses and their economically potentioly.

609-615

Authors: Abdulaziz Al Rasheed, Fasih Maqbool and Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty

Hyperglycemia among hospitalized critically ill patients has been shown to be an independent predictor of poor outcomes. The aim was to assess the level of hyperglycemia with different dietary regimens of ICU patients (oral, and enteral feeding) and to correlate levels of blood glucose with the severity of the diseases. A prospective cohort study was conducted at ICU of King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period between April and August 2017. Thirty-four patients from both sexes, 27 - 79 years were randomly selected. The first 24 hours’ blood glucose test was taken at the time of admission then twice/month and for a maximum of three months. The last blood glucose levels were recorded at the time when referred to the ward or at the time of discharge. The severity of illness was assessed by APACHE II score which was recorded during the first 24 hours after admission and at the time when referred to the ward or the discharge. A total of 34 subjects, 67.6% males and 32.4% females were enrolled. Their age of the subjects was 62.1±13.3 years. The mean body mass index was 27.0±5.2 kg/m2 and that of the females was significantly higher than that of the males (30.9 versus 25.1 kg/m2). The means blood glucose levels were insignificantly different between orally-fed and tube-fed patients (9.7±3.7 vs 9.5±3.2 mmol/l, respectively). Regarding the severity of the diseases, there is a positive correlation between blood glucose level and the severity of the disease assessed by APACHE II score (r=0.543, p<0.5). The mode of feeding did not affect the glycemic levels in critically ill patients and the simple blood glucose level might be used as an indicator of severity of the disease.

625-630

Authors: Erhenhi AH

This study was carried out to assess the riparian vegetation along Ofe River, Ondo State, Nigeria as well as the air and water temperature and soil analysis. Plants were collected around the river bank alongside the soil samples for chemical analysis. The plants were identified and soil samples analyzed. The study revealed the presence of sixteen (16) plant species belonging to twelve (12) families including Apocynaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Athyriceae, Costaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Musaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae. It was observed that majority of the plants were herbs with few trees and shrubs. The air temperature range between 310C and 350C while the water temperature range between 260C and 300C. Soil analysis showed the presence of metals such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in varying concentrations. The results from this study revealed the presence of several species of plant as dominant in the Ofe River of Ondo State, Nigeria. The study also showed that there is lack of anthropogenic activities which has resulted in the high flora diversity of the study area.

638-644

Authors: Sheleme Kaba

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are an annual tuber and monocotyledonous crop. The plant Genus comprises of over 600 species with only 10 species producing edible tuber. A field experiment was conducted at Western Oromia to recommend appropriate tuber weight of yam cutting for the farming and its economic feasibility for communities in western Oromia for two consecutive years during the main cropping season of 2017 and 2018 at Bako Agricultural Research Center (BARC) on station and subsite of Gute. Yam variety Bulch, which is adapted to the agro-ecology of the area, was used for the study appropriate tuber weight of yam cutting. Planting was done on April and yam tuber cutting at different gram were planted at a spacing of 80 cm between rows and 30 cm between plants. After cutting up the tuber into mini-setts, takes ash and rub ash onto the freshly cut fresh that are exposed. Nitrogen fertilizer was used 100kg/ha in two splits and 100kg/ha NPS which were used.100kg/ha NPS and half Nitrogen fertilizer applied after emergence and the remaining half a month after first application along the rows of each plot to ensure that N is evenly distributed. The treatment consists of factorial combination of one variety (Bulch) with six treatment ((50-100g/ha), (101-150g/ha), (151-200g/ha), (201-250g/ha), (2501-300g/ha) and (whole size as control)) yam tuber cutting different weight size. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each plot will be 4.8m long and 3m wide (6 rows). Finally, yam tuber plant in the central net plot area (9.6 m2) was harvested at normal physiological maturity. Therefore, the result of the economic analysis (partial budget) show that best promising yam tuber cutting size weight 201-250g (78874.3 birr) followed by 151-200g (73096.3birr) and 251-300g (70936.3 birr) and tuber yield tone hectare (57.95 tone/ha, 56.42 tone/ha and 54.45 tone/ha respectively were recommended for farmer or end user in western Oromia of yam production area and similar agroecology.

649-654

Authors: Saradha M

The objective is to study the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract of tuberous root of Decalepis salicifolia. The analgesic effect was studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate method in mice and anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan, formalin and histamine induced paw edema in rats. In the acute toxicity study, oral median lethal dose (LD50) was found that the extract was non-toxic up to 2000 mg/kg, p.o. The Decalepis salicifolia root extract (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) was found to possess, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a dose-dependent manner and related inhibition were achieved in histamine, followed by formalin and the effect was compared with standard drug. The above results will be the supporting evidence for the potential anti-rheumatoid activity of D. salicifolia in our Indian traditional medicine system.

665-669

Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Soni Kumari, and Singh VN

Aegle marmelos leaf extract induce the anodic protein concentration in semen of treated group of mice which increased highly significantly (P<0.001) than the control. However, cathodic protein concentration increased insignificantly than the control. Due to increase in anodic protein concentration, total electrophoretic protein concentration of treated group of mice also increased highly significantly (p<0.001) after 10 to 50 days of treatment than the control. Aqueous leaf extract of Aegle marmelos selectively modulate seminal proteins. Significant increase in anodic protein concentration in semen of Aegle marmelos treated mice may add more negative charges on sperm surface membrane which affect capacitation and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa that may cause infertility among treated group of mice.

681-690

Authors: Souransu Jena, Goutam Sabat and Mohanty BK

A preliminary study of the manifold works done to apprehend the effect of salinity and the response of the crop in turn has been illustrated here. With respect to the devastating effect of salinity on this staple food crop, it is very important assimilate the knowledge of the response of the crop towards salinity. The germination percentage, Root and Shoot length, pigments and all biochemical parameters decreased with the increase in Salt Stress to rice seeds.The Low salt concentration has affected the biochemical parameters slightly, but increase in treatment decreased the parameters like Amino Acids (Root), Protein (Shoot) and DNA (Shoot). The Protein content in Root and RNA content in Shoot did not respond to the treatment of NaCl to rice seedlings. However, there was increased response of Protein (Root and Shoot), DNA and RNA (Root) contents. Overall, The salt stress has a little effect on biochemical parameters studied in the seedlings of oryza sativa L. This work is a minor attempt to summarize the salient contributions and breakthroughs made in this area in the course of understanding the response and thus the plant defence to fight salinity as a stress.

701-704

Authors: Pryuttma and Singh RP

The ameliorating effect of Withania somnifera was evaluated against changes in sperm profile of mice. The animals received Endosulfan (Pesticide) once daily for 35 days at the dose of 3 mg/kg body wt by oral gavage method and observed toxic effect such as of reduction in the number of sperm and sperm motility which signify the testicular dysfunctions and finally causes infertility. To ameliorate the toxic effect made by endosulfan, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandh) was administered to mice along with its food @ 150 mg/kg body wt. The potent medicinal power like antioxidant, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, aphrodisiac, astringent, deobstruent, diuretic, narcotic, sedative, anti-tumor and anti-ulcerogenic activities in the root extract of Withania somnifera alleviate the fluctuation in sperm count and sperm motility which was decreased by pesticide treatment.

710-714

Authors: Bahadure RB

This study reveals that the age correlated study of DNA, RNA and Protein concentration in human saliva from Amravati city to analyses the DNA, RNA and protein concentration of different age groups and different nutritional classes of people and found differences in concentration therefore this study suggests that there is much significant difference in overall DNA, RNA and protein concentration with age, gender, nutrition and health. This study suggested that the DNA, RNA and proteins from saliva of an individual may provide vast information about his health status, immune response, genetic makeup, enzymatic activity etc.

722-726

Authors: Bele MS and Bahadure RB*

This study evaluated that the supplementation provided as poultry feed at early developmental stages of poultry birds to showed significant growth and development. Such as water, protein carbohydrates fats minerals and vitamins are essential to life, growth, production. The morphological study of growth of chicks was taken in the laboratory circumstance when they were rearing. The nurture in laboratory situation was observed the development and growth on the basis 31 days of rearing of differentiate groups of chicks. In the present trialing, young chicks were provided with regular white grains as a conventional food along with formulated feed supplementation containing with whole molluscan animal and shell crush to the experimental groups and observed for 31 days in the laboratory situation exposed the admirable weight over the control chicks with hygiene. It was found that 40-50 % increase in weight was observed after 31 days indicating the overall growth development of the birds feed with additional diet for evolutionary study.

733-745

Authors: D. Srinivasa Rao and Khudsia Hussain*

The present study on the Microorganisms Diversity of Machilipatnam Coast in the mangrove region leads to findings of several species of Bacteria and Fungi belonging to various genera. These microorganisms are taxonomically diverse and genetically special. Mangroves are an important part of the coasts acting as an intermediary zone between land and water. In the present study Field Collection trips were undertaken at Station I (Pedapatnam) and Station II (Polatitippa) for a period of one year spanning between January 2017 and January 2018. Sediment Sampling was done at regular intervals. Water samples were collected from the stations just below the surface, Sediment samples were analysed for concentration of organic matter, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Iron and Manganese. This helped in determining the ecological factors for the growth of microorganisms. Mangroves are rich in bacterial flora. The bacterial population is huge and greater than Fungi. In the marine environment 90% of the bacteria are Gram negative as their cell wall is better adapted for survival. The open sea is a fungal desert where yeast or lower Fungi are attached to planktonic organisms or pelagic animals. The higher marine Fungi occur as parasites on plants and animals or as symbionts in marine lichens and algae. Samples were collected using Grabs, the central portion of the sediment sub samples were collected aseptically by alcohol rinsed polyvinyl core with 3 cm diameter. The top fraction of the sediment samples were used for analysis.

753-759

Authors: Khetade Roshan H, Bharsagade Prachi D, Patil Pranali and Umekar Milind J

Saraca indica, commonly known as Asoka-tree, ashok or simply Asoca is a plant belonging to the subfamily Detarioideae of the family Fabaceae. In Ayurveda, the bark is used in indigestion, pyrexia, burning sensation, colic, ulcers, menorrhagia, vaginal discharge and acnes and Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the comparative study for total tannin content by folin-denis reagent for Saraca indica for the methanolic extract of young leaves of Saraca indica contains more percentage of tannic acid as compared to mature leaves and young leaves of Ficus religiosa contains more percentage of tannic acid as compared to mature leaves. Total flavonoid content for Saraca indica for the methanolic extract of young leaves of Saraca indica contains more percentage of flavonoids as compared to mature leaves and young leaves of Ficus religiosa contains more percentage of flavonoids as compared to mature leaves. The Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of young and mature leaves of Saraca indica by metal chelating method using Ferrosin Ferric chloride for the concentration of 0.04 mg/ml and 0.08 exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity by showing 84.87% and 63.21 and Ficus religiosa concentration of 0.06 mg/ml and 0.08 exhibited potent in vitro antioxidant activity by showing 92.32% and 73.01inhibition of Ferrosin- ferric chloride complex respectively. So it was planned to explore the antioxidant potential of young and mature leaves of both the plants.

451-466

Authors: Bassey IU, Odokuma LO, Ogugbue CJ and Umeojiaku CF

Hydrocarbon degradation potentials of bacteria species isolated from leachate samples of Lemna dumpsite, Calabar, Cross River State were investigated. Five (5) leachate samples were collected from the dumpsite with the use of PVC pipes and were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Results of microbial counts from the dumpsite leachates ranged from 10 x 104cfu/g to 2.0 x 105cfu/g. Bacteria isolates, from the leachate samples were subjected to hydrocarbon biodegradability screen test using kerosene, diesel and premium motor spirit (PMS) as substrate for carbon source. Bacteria genera isolated from the analyzed leachate samples were identified as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Aeromonas, Serratia and Shigella. Among these isolates, Pseudomonas (CPS1, CPS2), Bacillus (CPS2, CPS10), Aeromonas (CPS5), Serratia (CPS13) and Corynebacterium (CPS6; CPS16) showed efficient kerosene biodegradability potentials compared to other of their bacteria counterparts. Also Pseudomonas (CPS1, CPS12), Bacillus (CPS2, CPS10), Aeromonas (CPS5) and Serratia (CPS11¬) were able to biodegrade diesel and premium motor spirit efficiently. However, in comparing hydrocarbon biodegradation potentials among the bacteria isolates from the analyzed leachate samples, Pseudomonas (CPS1, CPS12), Bacillus (CPS2, CPS10), Aeromonas (CPS5) and Serratia (CPS11) were efficient kerosene, diesel and premium motor spirit biodegraders, and this could be useful for bioremediation. This therefore calls for further research by microbiologist and other environmental agencies on the large scale applicability of these isolates for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted environments, as this could serve as a more eco-friendly approach

483-490

Authors: Meri Khakhutaishvili, Indira Djaparidze, Maia Vanidze and Aleko Kalandia

Georgia is a small country, so it is desirable to grow profitable plants here that can easily adapt to environmental conditions. Such a plant is a blueberry. We have analyzed and studied the technical, biochemical and chemical indicators of 16 varieties of blueberries imported into western Georgia. The influence of environmental conditions and storage conditions on the organoleptic, technical, physico-chemical composition and antioxidant activity has been determined. Separation-identification and quantitative analysis were conducted using UPLC-MS (Waters Acquity QDa detector), HPLC (Waters Brceze 1525, UV-Vis 2489 detectors), pH-meters (Mettler Toledo). Refractrometer -Misco, Spectrometer –Cuvette Changer (Mettler Toledo UV5A), C18 Cartridge Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Waters Sep-Pak C18 (500 mg). Antioxidant activity was defined by the DPPH method. Dry substances, titrated acidity and active pH of fruits, as well as qualitative, quantitative composition and dependence on the variety were determined. General phenols (1000 mg/100 g on average), anti-cyanins (400 mg/100 g on average) and their antioxidant dependence on storage conditions and duration were examined. The maximum preservation of antioxidants in fruits was maintained at -25°C under storage conditions.

495-500

Authors: Lakshmishree SU, Mahalakshmi E, Ramya KP, Varsha Vishwanatha Rajapuri and Kokilamani AL

Scale insects are the serious sap sucking pests of many agricultural and horticultural plants. A study was conducted to record the presence of scale insects in Tumkur University campus, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India. The study includes the visual observation, photography and identification of scale insects and their host plants. In the study area a total of 31 species of scale insects belong to 20 genera of 6 families were found infesting 20 different host plants and associated with 12 species of ants from 6 genera of 3 subfamilies of Formicidae. The family Coccidae was found to be predominant pest with 12 species followed by Pseudococcidae with 10 species and 5 species from Diaspididae. From the study it has also been recorded the species from Monophlebidae (two), Asterolecanidae and Ortheziidae (one species from each). The ecological factors of the study area and lack of much more predators have attributed to the occurrence of wide variety of scale insects. The study provides a base line data for future research work on integrated pest management and its further implication to agricultural crops.

509-517

Authors: Sanjeeb Kumar Das*, Ashutosh Subudhi, Samarendranath Naik, Sourav Ranjan Pradhan and Sidhanta Sekhar Bisoi

An exhaustive floristic survey was carried out during 2017-2018 in the Utkal University Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha state to assess the diversity, nativity and uses of invasive alien plants. From the study it was found that 60 species with 51 genera and under 34 different families were invasive alien plants. Analysis of habit revealed that the herbs were dominant with 45 species (75%) followed by shrubs (07), trees (02) and climbers (06) and the dominant family was Asteraceae with 10 (19.23%) species followed by Caesalpiniaceae (04), Convolvulaceae (03), Fabaceae (03), Lamiaceae (03), Verbenaceae (02), Amaranthaceae (02), Asclepiadaceae (02), Malvaceae (02) and Poaceae (02). These families included most invasive species, such as Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Hyptis suaveolens, Ageratum conyzoides, Parthenium hysterophorus, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and others. The dominance of Asteraceae species among all IAPS found in this region was resulted due to higher potential for adaptability and rapid growth. It was found from the literature that different native places of IAPS of Utkal University Campus were Tropical America (30), Tropical Africa (10), Tropical South America (6), , Brazil (3), West Indies (2), Mediterranean (1), Europe (1), Tropical Central South America (1), Tropical Central America (1), Peru (1), and Tropical West Asia (1). From the interaction with local residents and literature survey it was found that IAPS were used as medicine (50), fuel (25), ornamental (6), rope making (2) and leafy vegetable (4).

525-534

Authors: Dagawal MJ and Bhogaonkar PY

Genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) comprising of 120 species is distributed throughout South South-East Asia, with a few species extending to China, Australia and South Pacific.. Curcuma inodora Blatt. known as ‘Jangali Halad’ is a common herb of Melghat at higher elevations. It is reported from other districts of Maharashtra also. In Melghat area populations of C. inodora were found to show many variations. Twelve distinct accessions were collected for present study and for comparison C. pseudomontana J. Graham and C. longa L. were also studied. The species shows variations in aerial as well as underground parts. For Curcuma species position of spike is considered as key character. Other major variations found are length of spike; shape, size and colour of bracts; length of leaf stalk and shape of root tubers. Cluster analysis of 50 morphological characters was done by UPGMA using PAST software placed 12 variants in to two clusters as per Peldjis method A and in three clusters as per the method D. Careful study of these variations will help to understand evolution within the species.

544-550

Authors: S. Prabhakar, C. Kandeepan and R. Charulatha

Cellulose is considered to be one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth. Cellulose degrading organism play a vital role in the biosphere by recycling cellulose, the most abundant carbohydrate produce by plant. In this text the present study was conducted with an objective of isolation of cellulolytic organisms from various fields of vellore. The cellulose degrading organisms were screened and characterised. Based on degradation of cellulose the potential organism Bacillus subtili sp. was selected for further studies. The strain Bacillus subtili sp. was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on the physical, biochemical and 16srRNA sequencing. Carboxy methyl cellulose medium (CMC) was the best medium for production of cellulase. The maximum production of cellulase was observed at temperature 300C and pH 7.5of 137.22 and 137.20 U/L respectively. Overall this study indicates that Bacillus subtilis was a potential in degradation of cellulose, which could be used commercially and/or industrially.

557-562

Authors: Samuel CO* and Chaudhary Sandeep

The objectives of the study were to determine the fungitoxic efficacy and the physicochemical characteristics of the essential oil extracted from Acorus calamus. 500 g of the rhizome pulp was subjected to hydro-distillation using Clevenger’s apparatus. The fungitoxic efficacy of the essential oil was tested against twenty-five phytopathogenic fungi by using Poisoned food technique. It showed hundred percent fungitoxicity against six fungi out of twenty-five fungi tested. The physicochemical characteristics of essential oil such as colour, specific gravity, specific viscosity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, ester value, carbonyl percentage, test for phenol and solubility were also determined. These characteristics are used to determine the quality of extracted essential oil. The oil of Acorus calamus was pale yellow and soluble in acetone, ethanol, methanol, benzene and chloroform. The oil exhibited the presence of phenols. The present study indicates that the extraction of essential oil of Acorus calamus has a potential of secondary metabolites which can be exploited as a good source of bioactive substances.

569-572

Authors: NJQ Tharshanodayan and P Rohini

In traditional systems of medicine, Capparis zeylanica is considered as an important herb and unripe fruit as a seasonal food. Aim is to evaluate the medicinal perspectives of C. zeylanica as a seasonal vegetable. During the Muduvenil season Aadi amavaasai day the Hindu traditional ritual is restricted to Srilanka. In summer season stage of Vatham is in accumulated and Kapam is in migrated state, preferred to consume Vatham neutralizing meals and medications. Common delicacy preferred to consume during Aadi amaavaasai day is unripe fruit of C. zeylanica. The unripe fruits are used to remove Tridosha, bitter removes Kapha and Vata. The unripe fruit is used for sedative, stomachic and as a bitter. C. zeylanica was found to have saponin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid pcoumanic acid, β-carotene, thioglycoside, glycocapparin, n-triacontane, α-amyrin and fixed oil. The Capparis are used as a vegetable and fruits because of their high nutritive ingredients like proteins carbohydrate, minerals and vitamins. The unripe fruit as a seasonal food for the treatment of several diseases as we have illustrated in this article. Moreover, numerous research works have proven its uses beyond the ethno medicinal ones in experimental animals.

577-579

Authors: Pawar SK

The present study was conducted to the Quantitative Analysis of Zooplankton of Ghagardara Dam of Kandhar Taluka in Nanded District, Maharashtra, India, during the year June 2017 to May 2018. Presently 41 Zooplankton genera representing various groups 11 species of Cladocera 05 species of Ostracoda 08 species of Copepoda 17 species of Rotifera. Among Zooplankton particularly Rotifera was the dominant group throughout the study. The highest count of 1877 species was record in the month of May.

583-585

Authors: Khalokar SP

Freshwater bodies are the major and good source of potable water due to the purification property of water. But due to the increased amount of discharged sewage, industrial waste, increased urbanisation and agricultural activities. Water quality is affected day by day, hence, present investigation is undertaken for Purna river at Asegaon Purna and present study revealed the presence of bacterial contamination of Escherichia coli. Monthly samples were taken during August 2015 to September 2016. Bacteriological analysis and its presence of Escherichia coli is confirmed by MPN method using presumptive confirmatory and completed test. Dark water colonies with metallic shine on Eosine methylene blue (EMB) agar confirm the presence of faecal coliform as samples were taken from same spot throughout the year. All samples show the contamination of E. coli in different ranges.

161-171

Authors: Assefa Workineh

Moisture conservation, minimum tillage and residue retention are conservation farming management options that may enhance crop yield and soil fertility sustainably in the dry land areas of Ethiopia. Study on conservation farming (CF) was conducted in moisture deficit area of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia from 2013-2014 cropping seasons. The experiment conducted both on station and on farmers’ field. Included treatments were; conventional tillage + fertilizer, conventional tillage without fertilizer, subsoiler + fertilizer, subsoiler + tie ridging + fertilizer subsoiler + tie-ridging + intercropping+ fertilizer, subsoiler + tie-ridging + intercropping + fertilizer, subsoiler + tie ridging + transplanting, subsoiler + planting basin +fertilizer and subsoiler + transplanting on planting basin+ fertilizer. Significantly, more variation was observed among the tillage practices for the studied agronomic traits. Higher mean Sorghum grain yield of 2.40 (+1.5 and 1.4 t ha-1 over the conventional treatments with and without fertilizer respectively and 2.50 t ha-1 (+1.6 and +1.5 t ha-1 over the conventional treatments with and without fertilizer respectively) were recorded from transplanted sorghum seedlings and directly planted sorghum seeds in planting basin respectively in the researcher managed conservation plots using early maturing ‘Hormat’ variety. Similarly, 2.40 t ha-1 and 2.38 t ha-1 grain yield were obtained from tie-ridging and transplanting at planting basin respectively, while the lowest mean grain yield of 0.94 t ha-1 was obtained from the conventional tillage without fertilize treatment in the farmers managed conservation plots. Mean Grain yield of 3.90 and 5.60 t/ha were also obtained from ‘Kodem’ and ‘Abaere’ Sorghum land races, respectively planted in basin at farmers field. Some soil chemical properties (like total nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic carbon) on the conservation treatments show increment. Participating farmers also select transplanting and direct planting on planting basin tillage techniques first and second respectively based on over all crop performance. Planting basin supported conservation tillage packages can enhance crop, water and soil productivity in sustainably and help mitigate the effects of prolonged dry spells in the moisture deficit of Tigray.

181-186

Authors: Hintsa Meresa, Fantay Belay, Atsbaha Gebreslase, and Kassa Melese

Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the major economically important horticultural crops in Tanqua-Abergelle district. However, its productivity is low mainly due to soil nutrient deficiency and using unappropriated rate of Fertilizer. NPS is one of the most deficient elements in the area. The experiments were designed to study the effect of NPS levels accompanied with one level of DAP as standard check (150, 200, 250kg/ha NPS and 200kg DAP/ha carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analyzed result showed the growth yield and yield components of pepper (Capsicum annuum L) were observed from 2014 to 2016 under irrigation. NPS levels was significantly affected on pepper fruit number per plant, total yield and marketable yields. However, on fruit length, plant height and unmarketable yields are not revealed significance difference. The level of 200kg/ha NPS Significantly showed highest marketable yield 101.97qt/ha than the other treatments (150kg/ha NPS, 250 kg/ha NPS and 200 kg/ha of DAP. Based on the economic feasibility 200kg/ha of NPS fertilizer gives a significant marginal rate of return (3013.8%). Thus, level have best profitability advantage over the other treatments. Therefore, according the result (yield and MRR) the conclusion is using the 200kg/ha important to increase yields for the growers in the study area. Thus, to fill the pepper production constraints resulted from nutrient deficiencies such as nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur fertilizer, further research on NPS combination levels, nutrient use efficiencies, nutrient uptake rate and nutrient recovery is crucial. Moreover, further research across locations and years deemed important to validate the current result of this research work.

191-200

Authors: Yangchen Dolma

Purpose: A study was done to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an information booklet on “Healthy living after kidney transplantation” in terms of patients knowledge and quality of life (QOL) in renal transplant patients of selected hospitals of Delhi, India. Methods and material: Structured questionnaire was the tool used. Content validity was obtained by giving it to nine experts. Reliability of tool was established prior to pilot study by KR-20 for knowledge questionnaire and Cronbach Alpha for QOL measurement scale. The subjects were approached personally in renal transplant clinic and pre test was administered on day one followed by the administration of the information booklet on the same day. On the day 15, post test was done. Data obtained was analyzed and interpreted in the light of objectives and hypothesis using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The study showed that 42% each were in the age group of 18-30 years and 31-50 years and most of the patients were male (72%) and many of them were not working (33%). The data also showed that thirty eight percent of them were educated up to graduate level and thirty nine percent of them had family income of Rs 5001- 20,000 per month. Most of them belong to joint family (63%). There was significant difference between the knowledge and QOL scores of patients before and after administration of information booklet. There was significant correlation found between the knowledge and QOL scores of the patients. The study revealed that there was significant association between knowledge scores of the patients with selected factors like age and education of the patients but there was no significant association between knowledge and factors life gender and occupation. The study also revealed that there was significant association between the QOL of the patients with selected factors like age, family income, duration of transplantation, source of donor, rejection episode, hospitalization, co-morbidities, duration of dialysis prior to transplant and procurement of medicines but it was found that this study doesn’t show any significant association of QOL with factors like type of family, number of transplantation and patient’s Body Mass Index. Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed information booklet enhanced the knowledge of the post renal transplant patient on self care thus improving the QOL of these patients thus the information booklet can be used in different health care units and also in community for the renal transplant patients.

212-220

Authors: Sujit Sundaram1, Sushant Mane2 and Dhanashree Bagade3

Octopus diversity was studied from Maharashtra waters during the period January 2000 - December 2017. Eight species were identified and they are Cistopus chinensis Zheng, Lin, Lu and Ma, 2012, ‘Octopus’ tehuelchus d’Orbigny, 1834 [In 1834-1847], Amphioctopus neglectus (Nateewathana and Norman, 1999), Amphioctopus marginatus (Taki, 1964), Macrotritopus defilippi (Verany, 1851), Octopus “vulgaris” type IV Cuvier, 1797, Amphioctopus kagoshimensis (Ortmann, 1888) and Argonauta hians [Lightfoot], 1786. The estimated annual catch in trawl and the catch rate of Octopus (all species combined) for the period 2000-2017 from NFW showed an increasing trend from 2.3 t (2002) to a peak of 501.7 t (2016) and and the corresponding catch rate ranged from 0.001 kg/hr (2002) to 0.155 kg/hr (2016).

229-235

Authors: Khalid Lubna P and Pulate PV

Arbuscular Mychorrhizai fungus is a key component of soil, which associate with root and rhizosphere of soil and create symbiotic association. In the present work, five soil samples were collected from five different sites of Amravati region (Maharashtra) for isolation and identification of AM spores, for this sieves and decanting method were used and observed that all the collected sample were infected by AM fungi but there population varied according to the soil sample, the Chandur Railway and Mardi site having maximum population of Am fungi but the Malkhed site contain very less population. The isolated spore belongs to five Genera which are Acaulospora, Entrophosphora, Gigospora, Glomus and Scutelospora. Glomus species was observed high amount.

249-255

Authors: Subhashree Satapathy and Gurudutta Pattnaik

Background: Paederia foetida (Prasarini) is a traditionally used herb majorly against diarrhoea and dysentery. It is well known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. They are also used for increasing male testosterone level. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the medicinal herb P. foetida. Further, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of P. foetida extracts were done in order to determine the presence of phenolics and flavonoid compounds which essential for the antioxidant property of the plant. Methods: The leaf extracts were prepared using 4 solvents, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and water. The antioxidant property was evaluated by DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS method using Ascorbic acid as standard. In HPLC, Caffeic acid, Ferrulic acid, Galic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Quercetin, Myricetin, Kaemperol and Isorhamnetin were used for the analysis. The standards were dissolved in HPLC grade methanol. The dilutions of the standards were done from the range of 20µg/ml to 100µg/ml followed by making the standard curve. Results: It was concluded from the DPPH assay that the ethyl acetate extract of P. foetida leaves had the highest free radical scavenging activity than other extracts, however, from the ABTS assay it was concluded that the acetone extract of P. foetida had the highest free radical scavenging activity. From the HPLC analysis it was confirmed that the ethyl acetate extract and the highest number of phenolic compounds, however they had moderate number of flavonoid compounds. Conclusion: The antioxidant property of P. foetida leaves is very high as they are rich in phenolic compounds and can be extracted using ethyl acetate and acetone.

261-267

Authors: Tumane PM, Shamli Sahu, Wasnik DD & Kolte NA

The present investigation enphasized the biodegradation of xenobiotics like phenol by using Aspergillus niger isolated from waste fruits. Phenolic compounds are hazardouse pollutants that ae toxic to the natural ecosystem at very low concentration. Biodegeradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into smaller compounds by the catalytic activity of living microbial organisms. The percentage of phenol degeradation in 40µl flask after 3rd day was 10%, after 7th was 51.60%, after 8th was 73.33%. The maximum phenol degeradation was observed at 8th day. The percentage of phenol degeredation in 60µl flask after 3rd day was 21.87%, after 7th day was 69.53%, after 8th day was 77.34%. When compared the result of 40µl and 60µl phenol concentration, the maximum phenol degeradation was observed in flask containing 60µl phenol concentration. No phenol degeradation was observed in 100µl flask. Biodegeradation is completely safe and ecofriendly. Biodegeradation not cause any type of pollution and also a cheap method so economically also benificial.

275-280

Authors: Chakrabarti Saumen

The present study makes a comparative record on the density and seasonal abundance of cladoceran and copepod fauna in a wetland ecosystem of Tripura during a period from March 2017 to February 2019. The present observation revealed the presence of 11 species of cladoceran fauna belonging to 7 genera and 5 families. Quantitative analysis during the study period revealed that Daphnidae is the dominant family with 4 species followed by Chydoridae with 3 species, Macrothricidae with 2 species while Moinidae and Sididae have only 1 species each , thus contributing 46%, 29%, 13%, 9% and 3 % respectively to the cladoceran fauna of the studied wetland under observation. The percentage composition of each cladoceran species in the studied wetland was also noted. On the contrary, the present observation also revealed the presence of 5 species of copepoda belonging to 4 genera and 2 families. Quantitative analysis during the study period revealed that Cyclopidae is the dominant family with 4 species followed by Diaptomidae with only 1 species, thus contributing 87%, and 13% respectively to the copepod fauna of the studied wetland under observation. The percentage composition of each copepod species in the studied wetland was also noted. Cladoceran population followed a definite rhythm of seasonal sucession showing maximum density in summer(217ind/L) and minimum in the monsoon(46ind/L).Similar trend of population density was also observed in copepod zooplankton where it exhibited its maximum density(126ind/L) in summer and minimum in monsoon(23 ind/L). Notable physico-chemical parameters of the studied wetland were also observed. The Pearson correlation(r) was made for the statistical interpretation of the physico-chemical parameters of water and crustacean zooplankton density in the studied wetland which presumed that not only a single factor but multiple factors govern over the seasonal abundance of cladoceran and copepod fauna in the studied wetland.

286-292

Authors: Tayya Raga Sudha

Bacteria protect themselves from commonly used antibiotics by acquiring resistance through horizontal gene transfer with the resistant bacteria present in the environment. This defensive mechanism of bacteria and excessive use of antibiotics resulted in the emergence of multidrug resistance in many disease-causing bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerogenosa are known to be the main causative organisms for skin and hospital acquired infections throughout the globe. In the current study multi drug resistant microorganisms isolated from the patient samples of King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India were tested against the crude methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Croton bonplandianum. These extracts were found to be significantly effective against the tested multi-drug resistant organisms.

301-308

Authors: Chanda Kumari and Jha AK

The floristic composition and live shoot biomass estimation of a grassland community developed in abandoned cropland after about nine years at Jai Parkash University Chapra (25036͗͗ - 26015͗ N lat. and 84024͗ - 85015͗ E long.) were studied. The floristtic compositoin of the grassland community was composed of 14 species. Dicanthium annulatum and Cynodon dactylon were the dominant species. The IVI values were 43.66 and 70.99 for Cynodon dactylon and Dicanthium annulatum, respectively. The maximum spore population was observed in the species , Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. ( 155/ 100 gm of soil) and minimum in Citrus lemon (L.) ( 10/ 100 gm of soil). maximum relative abundance (RA) was recorded in Glomus intraradices (33.3 %) and minimum RA was recorded in Acaulospora delicata, Acaulospora morrowiae etc (0.16%).

316-320

Authors: Madhuri R Basutkar and Channappa T Shivannavar

Colors are the part of life, as the nature is itself color full gives pleasant to eyes and feel good, fresh, polite and respectful. But in present days it becomes reverse due to excessive use of synthetic colors leading to the environment pollution especially the hydrosphere. These pollutants are released into air, water and soil and have detrimental effects on the health of humans, plants, animals and microbes. In this direction isolate Lysinibacillus boronitolerans CMGS-2 (bp-1404) NCBI accession number-KT602857 and MTCC number-12531 was showed a maximum decolorisation of Reactive orange-16, under optimized parameters, the final decolorisation confirmed by UV-VIS Spectrometer and reveals isolate is helpful in the treatment of synthetic dyes.

325-328

Authors: Bandgar SG and Patil CR

An attempt has been made to study leaf litter fungi of Gangoba sacred grove from Kolhapur district. A new species of Beltrania is described as B. hasaneana Bandgar and Patil sp. nov. collected on Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) collected from this sacred grove. The detail morpho-taxonomical description, photographs and illustrations are provided here.

333-336

Authors: Pradeep Kumar Maharana

Indole acetic acid (IAA) production is a major property of rhizosphere bacteria that stimulate and facilitate plant growth. The present work deals with isolation, characterization and identification of indole acetic acid producing bacteria from the rhizospheric soil of marigold plant. The isolated bacterial strains are Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and even Spirillum (Gram negative bacteria); which show positive test in IAA, catalase, oxidase, urease and starch hydrolysis testing respectively. The bacteria strain has capacity to produce 3.8mM concentration of IAA from L-tryptophan. Again, IAA treated marigold seeds showed more root and shoot growth in comparison to control. So, these bacteria can be good source of IAA and can be used as alternatives to fertilizers.

343-350

Authors: Sunanda CH and Ranganayakulu GS

The effects of salt stress on seedling growth (shoot, root length and biomass), accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, free amino acids and polyamines were investigated in two commonly grown Black gram cultivars (Cv. Maruthi and Cv. LBG) during stress period. Seeds were grown at different concentrations of NaCl stress [(0.0 (control), 50, 100 and 150mM] for seven days. Salt stress resulted reduced seedling growth in all cultivars. Nevertheless, the rate of decrease in seedling growth (shoot, root growth and biomass) was significantly more in cv. LBG than cultivar Maruthi. The lowest effect of salinity on seedling growth was found in cv. Maruthi. Salt stress results showed genotypic differences in an accumulation of osmolytes during stress period. The level of osmolytes accumulation was significantly increased with increasing stress severity and duration in all studied cultivars. However, the magnitude increase of osmolytes accumulation was found to be very higher in cv. Maruthi and low in cv. LBG. The osmolyte accumulation in relation to the salt tolerance of these cultivars has been discussed.

356-358

Authors: Chavan NG and Dakore HG

The Bajra is one of the popular fodder crops in Marathawada region (Nanded area). The Bajra variety Local has been selected for this study. The experiments were conducted at Bolsa kd. Tq. Umri. DIST. Nanded during the year 2003 and 2004. The present study was undertaken to see the effect of organic fertilizers (prepared from Urd bean, Moong bean, Soya bean, Cajanus cajan (tur) plant wastes and FYM on the yield of Green Fodder, Dry Matter, Protein Content and its Nutritive value. The application of above organic fertilizers seems to be effective for the production of Local variety of Bajra and its Nutritive Value in this region.

362-364

Authors: Shillewar KS and Totawar DV

The seasonal variation in protein content of fresh water fish Cirrhinus reba from Godavari River at Nanded region, Maharashtra state were observed form January 2018 to December 2018 .the obtained results showed that protein content was high in the month of July (16.9+ 1.20), the lowest was high in the month of January 16.16 and December 15.63,then there was a slight increase in the protein content in the month of February, March, April, May and June which ranges 16.17, 16.70, 18.42, 18.62, 19.30 tissue respectively. Variation of protein content during different seasons of the year helps. Nutritionists & researchers who are striving to improve the nutritive value, processing & marketing of endangered fish species & in fishing industry.

368-374

Authors: Tharshanodayan NJQ*1 and Rohini P2

Herbal medicine is based on the establishment that plants contain natural substances that can promote health and alleviate illness. Nutraceuticals are naturally derived bioactive compounds that are found in foods, dietary supplements and herbal products, and have health promoting, disease preventing and medicinal properties. Cissus quadrangularis (L) Wall. Ex. Wight a perennial climber, Adamant creeper in English, Pirandai in Tamil. Its pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-hemorrhoidal, antioxidant, anti-osteoporosis and bone healing activity. Recognized as a rich source of carotenoids, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid and Proved to have potential for medical effects. Traditional remedies have nutraceutical and medicinal properties, as people has come to know about this, they are in the practice of using this. Aim was to explore the medicinal properties and nutraceutical importance of C. quadrangularis. Reputed literatures books and journals were said that the C. quadrangularis considered as a versatile medicinal plant in traditional medical system for its valuable medicinal uses and nutraceutical properties. It is a very rich source of nutrition and chemical compounds, which are necessary for proper functioning of human body.

11-20

Authors: Fantaye Belay* and Kasa Meles

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food crop in Ethiopia, and is ranked second for “injera” quality next to tef. However, the productivity of sorghum is limited by several biotic and abiotic constraints amongst striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is the greatest specialized parasitic weed causing serious injury by depriving water, minerals and photosynthesis from the host. Striga hermonthica is becoming the major epidemic in most of sorghum growing areas in the country including Abergelle. Thus, a field experiment was conducted in 2013/14 cropping season to assess the interaction effect of variety by nitrogen fertilizer rates on striga control, yield and yield related attributes as well as to determine optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate to enhance the productivity of sorghum under natural striga infestation areas of Abergelle district, Northern Ethiopia. The treatment combination comprised of two striga resistant and early maturing sorghum varieties (Gobye and Abshir) and three nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha- 1) in 2x3 factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance result showed highly significant (P≤0.01) differences due to nitrogen, variety and variety by nitrogen interaction for number of striga count per plot. The lowest number of striga count per plot was obtained from the combination of Gobye+100 kg N ha-1, whereas, the highest number of striga count per plot was recorded from Abshir+0 kg N ha-1. Thus, Gobye exhibited resistance to striga hermonthica by supporting the lowest number of striga plants germination with increasing fertilizer levels from zero to 100 kg N ha-1. Besides, the analyzed result indicated that grain yield of sorghum was significantly influenced (P≤0.01) by variety x nitrogen interaction effect. The highest grain yield of sorghum (1743 kg ha-1) was obtained from the combination of Gobye+100 kg N ha-1 while the lowest grain yield (1086 kg ha-1) was recorded from Abshir+0 kg N ha-1. However, days to physiological maturity and growth traits like plant height and panicle length were not significantly affected by variety x nitrogen interaction effect. Moreover, the partial budget analysis revealed that the highest net benefit was recorded from the combination of Gobye+100 kg N ha-1. Therefore, farmers in the study area could control striga and enhance sorghum productivity through combination use of the early matured and striga resistant variety Gobye+100 kg N ha-1 under natural striga infestation.

51-60

Authors: Ajay Kumar Sahu, Barsha Rani Kar, Santosh Sahu, Pragnya Paramita Acharya and Priyadarsini SS Harichandan

Endophytic bacteria defined as those bacteria that can be isolated from within the plant and that do not harm the plant visibly. These bacteria are thought to be virulent plant pathogens but have recently been discovered to have many beneficial effects on host plants, such as plant growth promotion, increased resistance against plant pathogen, parasites, etc. Besides gaining entry into the plants through natural openings or wounds, endophytic bacteria appear to actively penetrate plant tissues using hydrolytic enzymes like cellulose and pectins. Since these enzymes are also produced by pathogens, more information on their mechanism is needed to distinguish endophytic bacteria from plant pathogen. In general, an endophytic bacterium occurs in less number than pathogens, and at least some of them do not induce a hypersensitive response in the plant, indicating that they are not identified with the plant as pathogen. Six months old healthy plant of Psidium guajiava roots and stems were collected from the cultivated plant near Avulahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka. These plant samples were collected plant in sterile clean plastic bags brought to laboratory and used for further experimental purpose. These bacterial colonies were isolated from roots and one is isolated from the stem. The four bacterial colonies isolate were found to be may same species and they were shown common morphological and biochemical tests. An antibiotic sensitivity (or susceptibility) test is done to help choose antibiotic that will be most effective against the specific types of endophytic bacteria, root colony one and stem colony shown similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

71-76

Authors: Saranya M, Umapathy G and Murugesh KA

Eco-friendly management of dermestid beetles was tried with seven different plant products and among these, Notchi ( Vitex nigundo) has recorded a maximum grub mortality was observed in Notchi (64.67%) at 72 h in 12.5% concentration followed by Pungam (52.67%), Vasambu (41.48%), Neem (35.67%), Tulasi (42.67%), Turmeric (36.22%) and Aswagandha (41.42%) and maximum adult mortality observed in Notchi treatment (62.32%) followed by Neem (41.67%), Pungam (49.37%), Vasambu (40.54%), Tulasi (38.14%), Tumeric (36.22%) and Aswagandha (38.54%). Among the plant extracts, Notchi showed higher adult and grub mortality in CSR2 races at 12.5% concentration whereas Aswagandha showed the minimum mortality.

83-91

Authors: Sujit Sundaram, James NJ and Abdul Saleem

Knowledge on the nesting of olive ridley turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea along the west coast of India is scanty. Along Kerala coast not many studies have been carried out on the nesting and hatching behavior. Hence an attempt was made to study and observe its nesting habits from Chavakkad, Kerala, India. Olive ridley turtles are categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, hence the study gains more importance. In pursuance of this study, every year during the nesting season in this area, i.e. from November to March, periodically walking trips in the night hours were made along the coast from 1988-99 onwards. Olive ridleys usually nest in this belt such as Panchavadi, Edakkazhiyur and Akalad beaches in Chavakkad. To prevent predation from animals and humans, the eggs of the turtles were transplanted by the volunteers of Green Habitat, an NGO committed to the conservation of turtles, to a permanent hatchery. The total number of nests at Chavakkad beach ranged from one (1998-09) to ten (2017-18) during the breeding season over the years. The clutch size varied from 47 to 135 eggs during the observation period. After about 45-50 days the eggs hatched. Local people, fishermen, students etc. were invited on the release date and the hatchlings were released in to the sea. The number of eggs hatched during the study period was between 41 in 1998-09 to 490 in 2017-18. The Green Habitat has successfully protected 44 nests and ensured the safe release of 2,306 hatchlings into the sea till date.

99-101

Authors: Azeb Hailu and Teka Solomon

Wheat productivity particularly in Tigray as compared to the major wheat growing areas of Ethiopia is less. This is due to many of the previously released wheat materials were tested and released in potential areas with high rainfall that does not fit to the real condition of the region and infested by new emerging diseases. Therefore, this activity was implemented to evaluate and select bread wheat genotypes which are with better agronomic performance and resistant to diseases. The trial was conducted at Enderta (Illala on station) districts in 2016 main cropping season. From the overall analysis it is observed that there is a sig. difference among the genotypes tested for all traits except for biomass and seeds per spike. One candidate genotype ETBW 8064 was selected for future regional variety trials.

107-110

Authors: Bhosale PA

Many species of bivalve molluscs abundantly found in Indian waters can sustain regularly & very productive Fisheries in India. Particularly in Maharashtra state. Indiocious Corbicula Striatella the gonads commonly occur among the intestinal loops in the base of the foot. Several environmental factors such as temperature, lunar periodicity, depth, mechanical factor light intensity, genetic & hormonal control. Thematuration of gonads is also dependent on the richness of food supply which dependson climate. Generally, the reproductive cycle of bivalve mollouscan population includes activation, growth and gametogenesis. The gonad tissue was removed and processed for preparation of paraffin blocks. Dehydration of gonad was done through serial grades of ethyl alcohol while xylene was replaced by toluene during the process. The tissues were embedded in paraffin was at 580C. The sections of gonad were cut out 6 – 7 µm thickness. The histological sections of the gonad throughout the study revealed that gonad consists of numerous follicles innervated by the connective tissue and muscles. The amount of connective tissue present was found to depend upon the state of maturity of the gonads.

115-119

Authors: D. Sangeetha

The bryophytes possess some bioactive compounds and therefore are medicinally very useful plants. They contain pools of secondary metabolites, which are unique. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion method against the two bacterial strains from the bryophytes viz Anthoceros erectus, Asterella angusta, Cyathodium tuberosum, Plagiochasma articulata and Targionia hyphophylla the studies of phytochemical constituents revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, tannins, steroids, and sugars. The antimicrobial activity is due to the presence of secondary metabolites. It was highest in Targionia hyphophylla and least in Cyathodium tuberosum. In this Research we study antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of the bryophytes. The above observations suggest that due to significant antibacterial activity of the bryophytes they have good potential in drug development.

123-132

Authors: NJQ Tharshanodayan and P Rohini2

In Siddha system the growth & development and diseases of the children are explained in consonance with different stages. The extensive use of herbs on pediatric management in rural is socio-cultural barriers, the fact that traditional medicines have a wide acceptance. Aim is to identify the herbs that were used in traditional pediatric management and to evaluate effectiveness of specific herbs to combat common childhood diseases. In this review, some main Siddha text books and data were collected from older people to extract important information about traditional pediatric management. A total of 28 herbs were mostly be used in the disease management among children. Most of the plant used internally (57%) and while (32%) were used externally. Leaves (32%) were the most commonly used plant part forms in pediatric disease management, the least used plant life forms are Flower, Fruit peel, and whole plant (4%). According to taste Pungent (40%) were the most used plant action. Clitoria ternata. Linn, Zingiber officinalae Rosc, Piper betel, and Piper nigrum Linn, are used to treat more than one disease. Most of the plant (50%) were reported to be used for treating gastro intestinal disorders. Based on text book it has been proved that herbs used in this treatment possess significantly cure the disease in children. In spite of not knowing the effects of these herbs during ancient period, traditional practitioners used them in the preparation of home remedies. So, there is a need to enhance the usages of herbs.

140-142

Authors: Annapoorani S

Anisomeles malabarica is a medicinal plant has been used as a folkloric medicine Anisomeles malabarica belongs to family Lamiaceae is found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of India and it acts as an antimicrobial drug it having some acidic properties like anisomelic acid, anisomelolide, 2-acetoxymalabaric acid, betulinic acid, gerainic acid etc., treatment of various kind of diseases like amentia, anorexia, cancer, allergy, inflammatory disease, methanolic extract of Anisomeles malaborica showed inhibitory activity for gram positive and negative bacteria, viruses