INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

707-712

Authors: Asrat Zewdie

Ascochyta blight caused by (teleomorph: Didymella rabiei (Kov.) is one of the most important seed borne pathogen of chickpea. The study was carried to determine the extent of seed borne infection. Agar plate techniques as ISTA standard method for fungal isolation and identification were applied. A total of one hundreds chickpea seed samples were collected from Debre zeit and Gondar Agricultural Research Center, Farmers’ seed and open market/union in 2014/15. Thirty seed samples from farmers, thirty seed samples collected from market and farmers’ cooperative union and forty seed samples of 0.5 kg per samples were collected from both research centers. Purposive sampling was used in areas affected by ascochyta blight. Hundred seeds were randomly taken from each sample. Seeds were surface disinfected in 0.5% (NaOCl) and rinsed three times in distilled water and seeds were transferred to chickpea meal extracts. Seed was scored and determine from fungal growth. The result indicates that the highest (18%) seed infection was recorded on one seed samples from research center, followed by (15%) and (14%) infection were recorded on seed samples from open market/union and farmers’ seed and lowest (2%) infection of seed samples were recorded both on research centers and farmers seed. The seed harvested from all infected seed source contribute primary inoculums and long distance dissemination of spores. Seed health and free from seed borne diseases constantly desired to with reduction of seed borne inoculums through various seed treatments. In order to increase the production of chickpea qualitatively and quantitatively, farmers require healthy and quality seed with high germination and purity. Pathogen free healthy seeds are essential for desired plant populations and a good harvest.

719-732

Authors: Mansour M Morsy, Ahmed Raafat, Abd el Motaleb Mohamed, Alaa Fayed and Mohamed Farouk Amin

Background: The total number of axillary lymph nodes [LNs] is the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Over long times, different studies indicated that the lymph node ratio [LNR] might predict outcome better than the number of positive LNs. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate prognostic value of the lymph node ratio [LNR] in triple negative breast cancer [TNBC]. Materials and Methods: sixety patients with triple negative breast cancer [TNBC] at Zagazig University Hospitals and Fakous Cancer Center were included. We analyzed the impact lymph node ratio [LNR] on the disease free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS] [calculated by Kaplan–Meier method]. Results: our results showed that the optimal cut off value of LNR value was 0.65, and the optimal cut off value of PLN. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed the higher value of Mean disease free survival among all patients was 33.21 months and 3 year DFS was 50.6%. Disease free survival was significantly longer in those with LNR ≤ 0.65 than those with LNR > 0.65 [Mean: 33.34 months versus 27.46 months; 3year DFS 56.4% versus 36.9% respectively]. Mean overall survival among all patients was 36.90 months and 3 year OS was 50.4%. Overall survival was significantly longer in those with LNR ≤ 0.65 than those with LNR > 0.65 [Mean: 39.40 months versus 29.63 months; 3 year OS 73.8% versus 23.3% respectively]. Conclusion: These results suggest that TNBC patients with lower value of LNR good prognosis than with high LNR patients. The LNR is an independent prognostic factor, thus, LNR may be added to the current staging system.

744-754

Authors: Yohannes Keterew1*, Woubit Dawit2, Thangavel Selvaraj2 and Alemu Lencho2

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume crop in the daily diet and good source of cash and food nutrients. Despite its economic significance, anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Lams-Scriber is one of the most destructive diseases and causes significant yield losses in common bean growing areas. The pathogen possesses a very high degree of pathogenic variability, but there are lack of knowledge of population race structure and variability of the pathogen in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify C. lindemuthianum races and evaluation of common bean genotypes against the virulent isolates. Race analysis was carried out by inoculating 51 isolates on to the 12 differential hosts. Among 51 isolates, 15 physiological races were identified and designated as races 19, 67, 68, 73, 82, 99, 128, 154, 296, 389, 589, 649, 1033, 1403 and 1703 of which 10 of them (19, 67, 82, 99, 154, 389, 649, 1033, 1403 and 1703) were new races identified for the first time in Ethiopia. The most virulent race was 1703 made seven differential hosts’ resistant genes ineffective and the least virulent race was 128, which conquer only one resistant gene of the differential cultivar. There were no races found to be pathogenic to differential cultivar G2333 and the differential cultivar, Michelite was found to be the most susceptible with virulence gene frequency of 64.7%. Besides, differential cultivar Widusa, TO and AB136 were highly resistant while G2333 was the highest resistant to all isolates. Among 36 common bean genotypes screened against seven virulent races, 19.4% were resistant and 16.2% highly susceptible to the virulent races. Thus, the effective differential cultivars and common bean genotypes could serve as sources of resistant genes under West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. In general, the results of this study are very promising for enhancing common bean production and improving food security in study area.

761-768

Authors: Banerjee Samar Kumar Banerjee Mousumi and Srivastava Anjani Kumar

Mizoram is one of the biodiversity hotspots in the Eastern Himalayan region and is a bio-diversity rich area. Its unique location, topography with hills and valleys, and geology provide immense ranges of microclimatic conditions, which are replete with rich diversity of Pteridophytes. Roadside flora of Mizoram also rich in pteridophytes. These pteridophytes are one of the source of carbon sink along the road. Some work related to Pteridophytes have been reported by some researchers in some protected areas like sanctuaries and some forests in Mizoram. Till date no work has been reported on the Diversity, Ecology and Utilization of Pteridophytes along the Hill Roads in Mizoram. The paper elucidates the current diversity, taxonomy, ecology and utilization status of the Pteridophytes along some selected roads of Mizoram so that proper attention should be made during further capacity augmentation /widening of these roads for conservation of the Pteridophytes .The study would be helpful in monitoring and management of remaining population of the Pteridophytes along other roads also.

779-778

Authors: Kumari Poonam, Raaj Vaibhava and Toshi

Numerous studies have been carried out on nutrients and their role on health and diseases, and the role of genes in causing the diseases. The study now follows to the higher level where the research goes on how genes and nutrients interact. It is of no doubt that nutrition and genetics both play an important role in human health as well as in the development of various chronic diseases. Nutrigenomics is the branch of science that incorporates various scientific & biological approaches which describes how nutrition interacts with gene with the application of ‘omics’ technology.

783-787

Authors: Jawale CA

The Nipah virus was found in Kozhikode district in Kerala State of the India, to this outbreak in May 2018. At that time, get the confirmation report of the National Institute of Virology, Pune (M.S), and detected Nipah virus specific in antibodies livestock serum sample from Kerala state. Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus (it is transmitted from animal to human) and can also be transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people. In infected people, it affects a range of illnesses from asymptomatic infected to acute respiratory illness, fever, fatal encephalitis, mental confusion, vomiting muscles pain, sore throat, dizziness, pneumonia and unconsciousness as well as coma or death. Nipah virus has caused only a few known outbreaks in India. It infects a wide range of animals and causes severe disease and death in people. In May 2018, Nipah virus outbreak was reported in the Kozhikode district of Kerala, India. The seventeen people’s deaths were recorded, including one healthcare worker. Those who have died were mainly from the district of Kozhikode and Malappurum, including a 31 years old nurse, who was treating persons infected with the virus. The present investigations are attention is given mostly to studies assigning the impact of the Nipah virus on human bodies.

795-798

Authors: Pokale SS

Malaria is caused by a protozoan belonging to the genus, Plasmodium with five species: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi that infect humans (WHO, 2012). Globally, an estimated 3.3 billion people are at risk of being infected with malaria and developing disease, and 1.2 billion are at high risk to acquire the disease. A retrospective study was carried out at a tertiary care PHC center in Maval. The sex wise incidence of Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum showed a similar pattern having more incidences in males than females during both the years 2013-2014 (677 males > 390 females) and 2014-2015 (891 males > 562 females) respectively.

807-813

Authors: Budkewar Shubhangi, Dudhare Dhammapushpa, Balkhande Jayvardhan and Chavhan Arvind

Birds are taking full care of their young ones. They are true engineers found in the nature. Although nest construction is a tough job but this job making easy by these beautiful creatures of the nature. Ashy prinia is a small bird but their style of construction of the nest is quite interesting and much difficult. In this MS we have observed the breeding biology, nesting pattern and parental care of Ashy prinia. This study was carried out from 14 July 2017 to 6 August 2017; it includes construction of nest, egg laying, hatching of young ones and post birth care of young ones etc by the beautiful bird. This was a wonderful experience for us, because of the study we are so close to the small bird Ashy prinia. This study was baseline work for the new comers.

821-824

Authors: Pokale SS

Karla is a bygone lake in Shankar temple. The lake supports biodiversity, aquaculture and is important as recreation centre for the locals. Measures are undertaken for cleaning and protection of this lake. The present paper discusses the environmental conditions of this lake including water quality and phytoplankton community. During this study, algal blooms were recorded especially in summer 2017, indicating the eutrophic status. wastes near the lake boundaries was also recorded. Depletion of Dissolved Oxygen and the shift of dominance from green algal members to cyanobacteria was recorded. There is further need for management of nutrients to conserve this fresh water ecosystem.