INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

85-99

Authors: Gupta Swaroopa Rani N

Nanotechnology for drug delivery involves the approaches of nanoparticles to deliver drugs, other therapeutic substances to specific types of cells. Nano-sized devices are a lot smaller than human cells but similar size to biomolecules such as proteins and enzymes. They have the ability to penetrate even the blood brain barrier which is impervious to most therapeutic agents; this is due to their small size. This review focuses on types of nanocarriers for drug delivery and their respective drugs which include Lipid-Based Nanoparticles – Doxil, Inflexal V, ImmTher, DaunoXome, CPX-1, LE-SN38, MCC465, anti-HER2; Polymeric Micelles - Genexol-PM, NK911, SP1049C, NK105, NC6004; Polymer-Based Nanoparticles – Zoladex, Lupron Depot, Oncaspar, PEG intron, Zinostatin (Stimamler), PK1; Protein-Based Nanoparticles – Abraxane, Ontak, Zevalin, Bexxar, ABI-008 (nab-docetaxel), ABI-009 (nab-rapamycin); Microparticles and Nanoparticles - AI-850, IL-2 XL; Nanoemulsions - NB-001, MagForce Nanotechnologies AB. This paper also discusses some nanotechnology-based drugs that are commercially available or in human clinical trials which include Abraxane, Doxorubicin Liposomal (Doxil), Onivyde, C-dots (Cornell dots), Loteprednol etabonate, KPI-121 and nanotechnology in medicine application in various area such as drug delivery, therapy techniques, diagnostic techniques, anti-microbial techniques, cell repair.

104-108

Authors: Bansode Manisha Uttamrao, Jaiswal NR and Kadam MS

In aquaculture fishes are often exposed to chromium waste and demonstrate cumulative detritus effect to our knowledge, there are less studies concerning the effects of trivalent Cr on C. carpio hematology. The aim of the present study to determine hematolo-gical parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio affected by sublethal concentration of trivalent chromium. The experimental group of fish was exposed to sublethal chromium chloride concentration of 2mgL-1 for the period of 28 days and hematological parameters were examined. The exposure period of chromium significantly reduces the amount of Hct, Hb, RBC, WBC, MCH and MCHC. The study shows that hematological indices of fish, caused by chromium toxicity to C. carpio can be secondary responses to toxicants.

113-118

Authors: Ratnaparkhe Shraddha, Mali Devyani and Nabar Bela

Algae derived compounds have applications in medicines, cosmetics and food industry. In recent years, use of photosynthetic organisms especially microalgae are getting more attention due to their phytometabolic contents with different chemical structures and biological activities. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds are well known as antioxidants. The organisms adapt themselves with respect to environmental factors and properties of the habitat. Therefore, the organisms from different habitats have diversity in their structure, properties and concentration of such secondary metabolites. The present study is focused on screening of algae for its phenolic and flavonoid compounds and their antioxidant potential. Various algal strains were isolated from different aquatic environments like fresh water, salt water and alkaline soda Lake. Methanolic extracts were studied for phenolic and flavonoid contents. The extracts were studied for their antioxidant potential using DPPH assay. As antioxidant activity is proportional to concentration of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, strains having good antioxidant potential may have promising application in cosmetics and therapeutics.

126-129

Authors: Munde Bhaskar S

Al doped Cadmium oxide (CdO) films were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. The influences of Al doping (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) on optical and electrical properties were studied. The transmission spectra of these films indicate sharp absorption edge and high optical transparency in visible range. The optical band gap value decreased from 2.46 to 2.38 eV with increasing the Al content. The dc electrical resistivity of Al: CdO thin films were decreased from 8.96 × 10−4 to 3.42 × 10−4 (Ω cm) with increase in Al concentration.

134-139

Authors: Munde Bhaskar S

We collect the samples from 25 patients suffering from the cancer of different organs. The samples were taken from affected portion and the adjoining normal portion of the human body. The 17 samples are from breast cancer. 02 each from tongue and oesaphagous and one each from penis, uterus, kidney and stomach. The collected samples are from the patients of different ages. The cancerous samples were pathologically confirmed by the conventional method. We record the Light Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectra emitted from the normal and cancerous tissues and compare with each other. In LIF technique, excitation wavelength is kept constant and emission wavelength is scanned to get the emission spectrum. In present study, the excitation wavelength was kept constant at 280 nm and emission spectrum was obtained by scanning the emission wavelength from 300-500 nm. The LIF spectra show the distinct features and have got high potential to be utilized as diagnostic tool. In all the LIF spectra, intensity emitted from cancerous tissues is more than that from normal tissues and peaks are observed between 328 nm to 338 nm for different samples. We also calculate the intensity ratio of the cancerous to normal tissues at all wavelengths and plot the intensity ratio against wavelength. The intensity ratio ranges from 1 to 200. By using the intensity ratio of cancerous to normal tissues, we can find the degree of malignancy and discriminate the tissue types. In the present study, we conclude that suitable source wavelength can be used for the mapping of the affected portion and cancer can be diagnosed in an earlier stage.

145-148

Authors: Pawar SK

Population Kinetics and seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton of vishnupuri dam of Nanded district was undertakes during the year June 2015 to May 2016. Zooplanton population Kinetic was composed of three species of Ostracoda, seven species of Rotifers, six species of Copepoda and eleven species of Cladocera. Among Zooplankton, particularly Cladocera was the dominant group throughout the study. The highest count of Caladocera 153 species was recorded in the month of May.