INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

19-28

Authors: Gupta Swaroopa Rani N

Formaldehyde is widely used in the manufacture of many resins, polymers, and construction materials. It is also used as a preservative, disinfectant, and biocide. Formaldehyde is one of the volatile organic compounds that are widely used in household materials, which is associated with many health risk factors. Acetaldehyde is a Group 1 carcinogen. Propionaldehyde is used in the manufacture of plastics, in the synthesis of rubber chemicals, and as a disinfectant and preservative. Present paper deals with Polarographic determination of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde by external standard addition and internal standard addition method. In alkaline medium it is possible to have well defined and separated waves relative to the reduction of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The determination of these aldehydes are carried out effectively in presence of 3.8 x 10-6 % methyl red and 5.94 x 10-7 % bromocresol green as maxima suppressor and 0.025 N lithium hydroxide and 0.0025 N lithium chloride as supporting electrolyte at pH 12 by external standard addition and internal standard addition method. Polarograms of all systems were recorded on Toshniwal manual polarograph using Dropping Mercury Electrode as cathode and Saturated Calomel Electrode as anode. The results of estimation of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in synthetic solution by external standard addition and internal standard addition methods are found to be accurate and precise with low values of standard deviation.

11-17

Authors: Gaikwad, Deepali C and Khokale, Revati R

A Bibliometric analysis of the Journal “Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge’’ for the period from 2005-2006 has been carried out. The present study demonstrates and elaborates the various aspects such as year-wise distribution of articles, authorship patterns, subject-wise distributions, citation patterns, study of citations etc. of the Journal. The study reveals that authors prefer writing in collaboration. The result analyzed reveals that botany subject ranks first in research followed by agriculture, fisheries. The highest number citations are contributed are in the year 2006. As Botany is the basic subject of Indian culture as all the livelihood starts and ends in botany so it is the highly preferred subject by researchers Articles with 1-9 citation ranks highest. The ranked list of journals reveals that Indian Journal of Econ Tax Bot ranks first in the list .Hence it is observed that authors prefer Indian literature. Geographical distribution reveals that India is highly preferred by the authors.

1-10

Authors: Gupta Swaroopa Rani N

Formaldehyde is widely used in the manufacture of many resins, polymers, and construction materials. It is also used as a preservative, disinfectant, and biocide. Formaldehyde is one of the volatile organic compounds that are widely used in household materials, which is associated with many health risk factors. Acetaldehyde is a Group 1 carcinogen. Propionaldehyde is used in the manufacture of plastics, in the synthesis of rubber chemicals, and as a disinfectant and preservative. Present paper deals with Polarographic determination of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde by calibration method. In alkaline medium it is possible to have well defined and separated waves relative to the reduction of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. The determination of these aldehydes are carried out effectively in presence of 3.8 x 10-6 % methyl red and 5.94 x 10-7 % bromocresol green as maxima suppressor and 0.025 N lithium hydroxide and 0.0025 N lithium chloride as supporting electrolyte at pH 12 by calibration method. Polarograms of all systems were recorded on Toshniwal maual polarograph using Dropping Mercury Electrode as cathode and Saturated Calomel Electrode as anode. The determination error is 0 % with low standard deviation. The values of E1/2 ranges from -1.692 to -1.772 V for formaldehyde, -1.490 to -1.514 V for acetaldehyde and -1.600 to -1.590 V for propionaldehyde. From a comparison with the understood polarographic behavior of these aldehydes, number of electrons (n) involved in the reduction is found to be 2. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde give a single well defined reduction wave of irreversible nature.

101-105

Authors: Mundhe Annarao M and *Munde Bhaskar S

Different kinds of papers are needed for various purposes. The developing country like India, having high growth rate population, demands large production of quality papers. Number of paper industries are established all over the world for the production of different papers such as, printing paper, writing paper, drawing paper, art paper, packing paper, tissue paper, crape paper, tracing paper, currency paper, daily newspaper, filter paper etc. Now a day papers are used for preparation of plates, cups, dishes and others. Waste wood, waste cotton cloth, and some other fillers are the basic materials usually used for production of all kind of papers. For the production of quality papers different chemicals are used as fillers, which are polluting the environment. Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicate mineral having skeletal structure, with well – defined voids and channels filled with considerable amount of water in it. Due to fascinating properties and presence of well – defined voids and channels, zeolite crystals have countless eco-friendly application in various fields. Natural zeolite crystals Stilbite brown and Heulandite brown collected from different parts of Maharashtra particularly from Marathwada region, quarries near Ajanta caves (Aurangabad) is used for this study. All Zeolite crystals are grinded for less than 212 μ size and characterized for TG/DTA, TG DTA characterization. 10 % of each Zeolite powder is used as paper filler and papers are prepared, dried in sun light for seven days. Properties of paper on which the quality of the paper decided are studied. Results obtained are presented in this paper.

91-97

Authors: Gupta Swaroopa Rani N

For the substance to provide benefits to the skin is necessary that the particles are small enough to penetrate the skin. Thus, it can maximize its capacity for regeneration, nutrition and strengthening the defenses of the skin, which also will look firmer and radiant. Collagen boosting techniques have arisen as a key market trend within the anti-aging market, with consumers striving to achieve the best results possible from skin care treatments, instead of using more drastic plastic surgery methods to hide signs of aging. The applications of nanotechnology and nanoamaterials can be found in many cosmetic products including moisturisers, hair care products, make up and sunscreen. The application of nanomaterials in cosmetic products has been the subject of continuous discussion in the media, scientific circles and among policy makers for the past few years. Toxicity issues have been raised due to conflicting research papers about the safety of nanomaterials and lack of agreement between researchers on whether the nanomaterials are safe for dermal use. There are a number of classes of nanoparticles used, or proposed for use, in cosmetic applications. In cosmetics there are currently two main uses for nanotechnology. The first of these is the use of nanoparticles as UV filters. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the main compounds used in these applications. The second use is nanotechnology for delivery. Liposomes and niosomes are used in the cosmetic industry as delivery vehicles. Newer structures such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) have been found to be better performers than liposomes. In particular, NLCs have been identified as a potential next generation cosmetic delivery agent that can provide enhanced skin hydration, bioavailability, stability of the agent and controlled occlusion. Encapsulation techniques have been proposed for carrying cosmetic actives. Nanocrystals and nanoemulsions are also being investigated for cosmetic applications. Present paper deals with exploration of various cosmetic carriers like Transferosomes, Niosomes, Nanoemulsions, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers, Nanocrystals, Encapsulation technologies, Cubosomes, Nanoparticles of ZnO or TiO2 and Nanomechanical properties of hair. This research, along with better regulation and reporting, will enable consumers to choose products with confidence. This in turn will allow companies to benefit from these novel technologies in the long term while retaining customer confidence.