Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences

112-116

Authors: Kasturi Krishnatreya, Mondita Borgohain, Jayanta Kr. Das.

Biopsy and histopathology plays an important role in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Knowledge of the characteristic histopathological findings and causes of lymphadenopathy may spare patients from unnecessary and management. To study the most frequent cause of enlarged lymph nodes in our set up. To assess the spectrum of lymphadenopathy in various age groups. The study was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Total 75 numbers of patients from July 2015 till June 2016 were recruited. All specimens of lymph node biopsies damaged specimens, known cases were excluded. The diagnosis of was made on the basis of gross morphology and light microscopic features. Ziehl Neelson staining, immunohistochemistry were done whenever required. There were more male cases. Most frequently affected age group was between 40-49 years. The cervical region was most commonly affected. Benign cases were more common. Out of 44 benign cases, 55 % were reactive hyperplasia, 43% were granulomatous lesions and Castleman’s disease in 1 case. Tubercular lymphadenitis was the most frequent entity among granulomatous lesions. Of 31 malignant lesions, 55% were non-hodgkin’s lymphoma 26% were hodgkin’s lymphoma and 19% were metastatic. Lymph node biopsy remains a valuable diagnostic tool as it allows for the architecture of the gland to be viewed thereby given an accurate and concise diagnosis with minimal risk to the patient.

121-126

Authors: Nouman Saleem, Zikria Saleem, Syed Atif Raza, Maryam Qamar, Hamza Masood.

The kidney plays a vital role in homeostatic function by regulating the salts/water balance in the body. Renal function is compromised due to various factors internal and external conditions such as diabetic nephropathy (8.3%), hypertension (HTN) (42.2%), diabetes and hypertension (22.9%), drugs, age, and immune-related. Dialysis is the only option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) beside kidney transplantation. This retrospective study was based on the collection of data from the profiles of patients undergoing dialysis in order to find the variations in physiological parameters such as; hemoglobin (Hb), bilirubin, serum creatinine, urea level, and blood pressure(B.P) both pre- and post-dialysis. Patients had concomitant diseases; hepatitis B virus (8.3%), hepatitis C virus (42.2%), diabetes mellitus (29.4%) and HTN (78.9%). Blood pressure was higher than the standard about 6-9mmHg systolic pre-dialysis and 10mm Hg post-dialysis. Whereas, the diastolic B.P was lower about 5mmHg pre-dialysis while it was up to the standards after dialysis. The Hb levels were within range showing the minor variation of about 0.2-0.3g/dL. Serum creatinine levels were higher 7.1985±3.26930 to7.9761±2.46952 and BUN was also higher than normal with the mean difference of about 0.2-5mg/dL. In conclusion, the blood pressure, hemoglobin, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen decreases which were raised earlier to dialysis. The weight of patient also decreased after dialysis. However increased in body weight have been observed in patients with kidney disease accompanied with diabetes. These parameters must be properly controlled to improve the health outcomes.

131-135

Authors: Nitin Deosthale, Sonali Khadakkar, Neeti Kedia, Vivek Harkare, Priti Dhoke, Kanchan Dhote

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hearing status in chronic mobile phone users and alteration in hearing status depending on years of mobile usage, per day use and longest dialogue duration in a day. This was a cross sectional observational study. Preliminary questionnairewas asked to MBBS students of a medical college and 60 volunteers were selected who were using mobile phones for at least 1 year and not having any other causes of hearing loss. In the study group, dominant ear of the subjects was included and non-dominant ear was considered as a control group. Pure tone Audiometry was done to evaluate the hearing status. Out of 60 subjects, in 76.66% subjects, right ear was dominant and in 23.33% of subjects, left ear was dominant for mobile use 52 (86.66%) dominant ears had normal hearing and 8 (13.33%) had hearing loss in high frequencies (4000 and 8000 Hz). Hearing was normal in non- dominant ear of all subjects. Mean hearing threshold in dominant ear was 10.54 + 5.75 dB while in non-dominant ear, it was 6.67 + 3.76 dB. The difference was statistically significant (p value <0.05). Hearing loss in the dominant ear was seen in subjects who were using mobile phones for 1-3 hours per day, with total duration of use > 3years and in those with longest call duration of >30 minutes. Our conclusion is that hearing threshold increases in dominant ear with long term use of mobile phone and hearing loss is more in higher frequencies in such subjects.

140-146

Authors: Tanay Tekade, Tanuja Manohar.

Prognostication is an important part of management of any critically ill patients. It helps in predicting the reliable outcome of a patients’ current standing. SOFA (Sequential Organ Function Assessment) score is a prognostic scoring system used to track a person’s status during the stay in an intensive care unit. It is based on functions of 6 organ systems-respiratory system, cardiovascular system, Hepatic system, coagulation system, excretory system and nervous system. Although it contains many parameters which are difficult to remember, one can use the readymade calculators present on internet. This study was undertaken with the objective to study the utility of SOFA scores in predicting outcome in critically ill patients. Outcome measures being ICU mortality and length of ICU stay. This prospective observational hospital based longitudinal study was carried out over a period of 2 months in a tertiary care hospital catering more of rural population. Adult critically ill patient irrespective of underlying cause were included in study after taking written consent from patient or his akin. Patient’s demographic profile, the main diagnosis leading to hospitalization in the ICU, previous interventions, complications and hospital outcomes were recorded for each patient. Appropriate investigations were done. SOFA score was calculated in period 0-24 hrs (SOFA 1), 24-48 hrs (SOFA 2) and 48-96 hrs (SOFA 3) from admission to ICU. SOFA scores were correlated with outcome measures ICU mortality and length of ICU stay. The non survivors had high initial, mean and highest SOFA scores as compared to survivors. Initial and highest scores of more than 15 corresponded to mortality of more than 75%. The predictive value of the mean score had negligible relation and therefore was independent of the length of ICU stay. Length of stay is not significant and independent of mortality. Increasing SOFA score in first 48 hrs gives a mortality rate of >50%. The SOFA scoring system is useful in predicting outcomes in ICU. High SOFA scores, and increasing trend in SOFA scores were found to be significantly associated with mortality and length of ICU stay.