Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences

108

Authors: Onkar Deepali.

Anatomy is one of the important cornerstones of medicine. Traditional way of anatomy teaching using cadavers is universally practiced and has been considered as essential to medical learning (1). In recent time the subject of anatomy occupies a less prominent place within the overcrowded undergraduate medical curriculum paradoxically over the same period the need for detailed anatomical knowledge at postgraduate level has increased dramatically particularly by the developments in imaging and computer assisted three dimensional reconstructions. Anesthetists, surgeons and clinicians have learned to look at familiar structures revealed in new ways such as laparoscopic and endoscopic appearances (2). Failure of adapting other methods in mode of teaching by anatomists might have led the Medical Council of India to reduce period of teaching from one and half to one year. So it’s time to rejuvenate the subject of Anatomy and bring back its glory by using new technologies. The anatomists all over the word are thinking that the curriculum of anatomy has to be modified by incorporating newer fields of clinical significance and making the subject clinically oriented and fascinating to the students and faculty as well

113-118

Authors: Khemuka Shreyash, Ratnaparkhi Chetana, Major Bhrushundi Milind, Patrikar Dhananjay, Mitra Kajal.

AIDS is primarily an immune system disorder caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which can affect the nervous system. HIV does not directly invade nerve cells but it jeopardizes their function resulting in behavioral abnormalities, headaches, progressive weakness, motor as well as sensory impairment and damage to the peripheral nerves. With the advent of Magnetic resonance imaging and Computed tomography, it has become possible to differentiate most of these disease entities and accordingly the management of the patient. The present study was carried out to correlate neuro-imaging and immune status of patients. It was a cross-sectional study done in diagnosed cases of HIV infection referred for neuroimaging. Total of twenty patients of Neuro-AIDS were underwent neuroimaging i.e. Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging and were categorized in a particular HIV related Neurological disorder. Out of these the commonest neurological disorder was neuropsychiatric followed by cryptococcus meningitis, infarcts, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, viral encephalitis, cerebral atrophy, myelitis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculoma, Pott’s spine, and hydrocephalous. Neurological manifestations were also correlated with the Immune status and categorized in four categories. Imaging findings of most of the neurological disorders diagnosed on clinical and laboratory basis were then correlated with neuroimaging. Neuroimaging is important in diagnosing HIV patients presenting with neurological symptoms. Together with CD4 count and clinical manifestations neuroimaging helps in categorizing the HIV patients and planning the treatment.

124-129

Authors: Dubey N, Julka Arti, Varudkar HG, Agrawat JC, Bhandari Deepali, Mukati Sunil, Jain Anukool.

A study of the clinico-pathological profile of cases of lung cancer coming to a rural medical college in the central India. To study the risk factors, the time taken to diagnose and the investigations useful in the diagnosis of lungcancer patients. A prospective, observational and descriptive study was conducted in a rural medical College and hospital for duration of 1 year. Statistics analysis was done using the SPSS version 16. Out of 62 cases suspected of lung cancer presented to the medical college, only 47 could be included in the study. Out of which 38(80.8%) were males and 9(19.1%) were females, 37(78.7%) were smokers including 34(72.3%) current smokers, 3 (6.3%) ex-smoker and 10 (21.2%) non-smoker. 11 (23.4%) cases of lung malignancy had been misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. The onset of symptoms to the confirmation of diagnosis of lung cancer was 5.7 months. Maximum diagnostic yield was with FNAC 22/30 (73.3%) while results with endobronchial biopsy were 23(63.8%) and percutaneous lung biopsy was 7(63.6%). There were 44 (93.7%) cases of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and 3 (6.3%) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Squamous cell cancer was the predominant cell type 18(38.2%). Maximum were diagnosed in the advanced stages of disease. Lung cancer remains a male predominant disease with smoking as the most common implicating agent. It continues to be diagnosed very late and presents in very advanced stages of the disease. More needs to be done to educate patients on ill effects of tobacco and to train doctors on early diagnosis especially in the rural areas.

137-144

Authors: Mathew Rishi, Moorkath Abdunnisar, Hadihally Suresh.

The present study was carried out to find out the role of MDCT in the evaluation of obstructive jaundice with respect to cause and level of the obstruction and to correlate CT findings with histopathology/surgical findings/Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography (ERCP) findings as applicable. This was a prospective study conducted over period of one year from August 2013 to August 2014. Data were collected from 50 patients with clinically suspected obstructive jaundice. CT findings were correlated with histopathology / surgical findings/ ERCP findings as applicable. Among the 50 people studied, males and females were equal, and majority belonged to 41-60 year age group. The major cause for obstructive jaundice was choledocholithiasis. MDCT with reformatting techniques was very accurate in picking a mass as the cause for biliary obstruction and was able to differentiate a benign from malignant one with high accuracy. There was 100% correlation between the CT diagnosis and the final diagnosis regarding the level and type of obstruction. MDCT was able to determine the cause of obstruction with an accuracy of 96%. MDCT with good reformatting techniques has excellent accuracy in the evaluation obstructive jaundice with regards to level and cause of obstruction

150-152

Authors: Shobha G., Rajeswari. B, Srividya. R.

The present study was carried out to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism in antenatal women attending OBG department of Gandhi Hospital and to detect prevalence in relation to age, parity, body mass index, socio-economic status. In this prospective study, 400 antenatal women attending OPD from period of conception to 26 weeks of pregnancy were included in this study. Patients tested for fasting levels of TSH, patients with deranged TSH FT3, FT4 levels were checked. In the 400 antenatal women 90 were found to have hypothyroidism, remaining were euthyroid, prevalence of hypothyroid 22.5%. We concluded that the prevalence of hypothyroid is 22.5%. Maternal complications like preeclampsia (17.7%), abruption (66%), and abortion (11.1%) were observed. Significant adverse effects on maternal outcome were seen emphasizing the importance of routine antenatal thyroid screening.

158-160

Authors: Almeida Joylene.

Menopause is the period in a woman’s life when she is undergoing hormonal and metabolic changes. Metabolic syndrome or syndrome X comprises of a set of cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia or insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Menopause is the point in the timeline of a woman where she is exposed to risk factors for cardiac ill health. The preferential central pattern of fat deposition in obese post-menopausal women is associated with a higher risk of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and cardiac disease. Hormone therapy improves the altered lipid profile in women with metabolic syndrome and these effects are more pronounced in post-menopausal women. It is important to have more efforts for regular lipid screening and educational programs for a healthy life style for an obese post-menopausal woman.

164-165

Authors: Lokur Shachi, Kalikar Vishakha, Mishra Ajeet, Patankar Roy.

Cystic mesenchymal hamartoma are rare benign tumours of liver of uncertain aetiology. Such tumours are accessible for laparoscopic surgery. In the current report, we discuss a case of a 4-year-old female child diagnosed to have cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of liver that was managed laparoscopically. The clinical, radiological and pathological features of the same are discussed.