The Problems of Economy

4-13

Authors: Rayevnyeva O. V., Berest M. M.

The article is aimed at analyzing various approaches to understanding the phenomenon of "internationalization of higher education institutions," and identifying tools for effective international activities of innovatively active higher education institutions (hereinafter referred to as IA HEIs) in the context of globalization, transformation and digitalization of society. Having studied substantive aspects and development of the "internationalization of higher education" concept, the authors found out that currently internationalization at the national, sectoral and institutional levels is defined as the process of implementing international, intercultural or global dimension in the purpose and/or function of and support for higher education. At the same time, the development of internalization processes in higher education takes place in the context of large-scale globalization challenges, thus requiring support for enhancing the competitiveness of national education systems in the global market of educational services. It is determined that higher education institutions are the main driving force in developing structures and strategies of international cooperation and play a systemic and strategic role in ensuring and developing internationalization processes. This role requires active development of modern forms, methods, technologies and innovations in higher education, for example, by increasing the effectiveness of the international activity of HEIs. Having analyzed numerous scientific information sources and modern approaches to understanding the content of the "international activity of a higher education institution" concept, as well as to considering its intrinsic features and key approaches to its implementation, the authors define international activity of higher education institutions as a process of organizing international cooperation of a university with foreign institutional, national and international entities, which has a systemic character and is aimed at effectively implementing its mission, improving its image and competitiveness in the national and international markets of educational services, ensuring institutional development and implementation of foreign policy objectives. The key components of the international activity of HEIs are proved to be interrelated. The authors consider the intrinsic features of the international activity of an innovatively active university, and define its purpose and the main tasks of its realization. A set of international activity types characteristic for an innovatively active university is developed. The authors suggest that these activity types be considered in terms of their educational, scientific and organizational components. The formation of a system of indicators for evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of international activities of a university in the world educational and scientific space can become a prospect for further research.

21-28

Authors: Ivanov Y. B., Krasnonosova O. M., Poliakova O. Y., Tur O. V.

The reform of power decentralization, which has been actively implemented in Ukraine for the last five years, has generally increased the capacity of local authorities to stimulate the development of small businesses in accordance with the requirements of territorial infrastructure. Territorial differences between regions in Ukraine are quite significant. The composition of development tools for small business representatives depends on such a qualitative characteristic as the industry structure, and a number of quantitative characteristics. The problem of creating tools to stimulate the development of small business is considered in the works of many Ukrainian scientists, both economists and public administration specialists, as it deals with economic justification of the feasibility of certain measures, as well as their legislative support. Due to the necessity to improve the methodological support for the formation of tools stimulating small business development in Ukraine, the theoretical justification of the methodological approach to choosing such tools is urgent. The small business sector in Ukraine suffers from constant changes in both legal regulation and economic support, and so, additional requirements to the procedure of conducting research are appearing. First of all, it is proved that a study should be conducted based on the dynamics of the state of business activities. In addition, significant differences are observed in the conditions of business development by administrative territories and by types of economic activity. As a result, it becomes necessary to streamline both the development goals and incentive tools. It is possible to solve this problem by establishing a hierarchy. As a result of the conducted work, a methodical approach to creating development incentive tools for small business within a certain administrative territory is formed on the basis of the hierarchy analysis method.

42-49

Authors: Kryvytska O. R., Kovalenko L. B., Kovalchuk V. M.

The article is aimed at developing a theoretical and methodical approach to assessing the demand for higher education in Ukraine. Educational qualification levels, characterized by a specific range of information users, are analyzed. Accordingly, it is natural for every user to form a certain information environment, which can be useful and interesting for one level, but not in demand for another. Therefore, when learning environment coordinators develop a communication strategy, it is necessary to clearly understand, which level it is designed for. Thus, the issue of establishing a classification of learning environment coordinators, who will provide training for education seekers at different levels, is relevant. It is noted that the concept of demand for higher education should be differentiated between the demand in society and the demand among i education seekers. The choice of "fashionable" specialties without taking into account the needs of the labor market leads to increase in the disparity of the workload per vacancy for certain professional groups. In order to quantify the demand for higher education, it is proposed to use the coefficient of demand for higher education in society (CDHES). Necessity to take into account many factors influencing the demand for higher education in society has led us to choosing an integrated method, which is normally used to measure the impact of factors in multiplicative, index, additive index models. The coefficients suggested, in our opinion, will be important for higher education institutions (HEIs) wishing to develop a communication strategy for both the short and long term. The importance of such coefficients can be explained by the fact that the patterns and trends identified during the study of their dynamics can serve as an information field for the HEI management service when outlining key aspects in developing a new communication strategy or improving the existing one. The fundamental difference between the proposed coefficients and the already existing ones lies in the fact that the former take into account not only the dynamics of the labor market and employment opportunities, but also the economic feasibility of education costs, and calculation of the payback prospects of receiving higher education

56-66

Authors: Rayevnyeva O. V., Aksonova I. V., Brovko O. I.

The trends in the formation of the digital society are studied, and Ukraine’s readiness to implement digitalization processes is determined. The article is aimed at assessing Ukraine’s position among other states in the digital competitiveness index based on comparative rating analysis, and identifying trends in the development of digitalization in Ukraine’s society and economy. Based on a comparative rating analysis of Ukraine's position in the world as for its digitalization of society and economy, it is determined that Ukraine ranks low in its digital competitiveness as compared to advanced countries, but belongs to the group of promising countries currently characterized by a low digitalization level but tending to increase their pace of digital development. Based on the cluster analysis, countries are grouped into four clusters according to their development of digital processes, and not only Ukraine's place among them is identified, but also cluster migration is analyzed, as well as positive and negative trends in digitalization processes. The general features of information society development, specific for the countries in each individual cluster, are determined. Characteristic features of two scenarios for the digitalization of national society are suggested, i.e. the evolutionary and forced ones, and it is proved that the formation of a developed digital economy in Ukraine requires systematic state support for implementing digital tools in public life, and focus on the forced (target) scenario for digital development processes.

79-84

Authors: Shevchenko A. V.

The long-term absence of a targeted state policy which would promote technological modernization in the industrial sector and radical reforms in the energy sector has caused raw materials and environmentally "dirty" industries to remain the focus of Ukraine's economy. Emergence of new challenges and threats caused by the revision of approaches to environmental policy made by many countries due to the exacerbation of climate problems, and by strengthening the environmental component of economic policy along with the introduction of numerous economic restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, updates research in the field of developing effective state policy mechanisms aimed at promoting eco-modernization and decarbonization in Ukraine’s industry. So, the article is aimed at studying the causes and consequences of high resource intensity of Ukrainian industry and related current challenges and threats, as well as at developing recommendations for state measures to be taken to support and stimulate eco-modernization, increase resource efficiency and introduce circular production models in industry. The article analyzes the situation with and current problems of industrial production in Ukraine. Key global trends in structural and industrial policy in the context of achieving sustainable development goals are outlined; the challenges and threats faced by Ukraine in the process of adapting its industrial complex to the new realities of strengthening the environmental requirements for industrial production are identified; current state policy initiatives that will stimulate energy efficiency, eco-modernization and decarbonization in Ukrainian industry are summarized. Based on the analysis, recommendations are developed for the priority measures of state policy aimed at implementing rational models of resource consumption and increasing resource efficiency for industrial output.

92-100

Authors: Zamrii A. M., Kapustyan V. O.

The article in question continues the authors’ study of the refitting model for the Kyiv region aa for searching for and analyzing the factors that affect a number of labor resources in the region, their intra-regional movement, outflow and inflow. The primary assumption in the refitting model for modeling the number of labor resources in economic sectors was the constant proportions of the number of employees in each sector to the total labor force and the functional dependence of the total number of employees on the total population in the Kyiv region using the logistics function. Such assumptions were sufficient for carrying out the initial modeling and analysis of the results, but they are not insufficient to obtain more accurate results that could be relied on to make decisions in the economic policy in the region. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more detailed analysis of the labor resources dynamics, and for the search of new factors affecting them. Thus, we have analyzed socio-economic indicators of various activities at the regional level and balanced them against the number of full-time employees involved in the main industries represented in the region. Mutually conditioned influence was found between indicators in education and the two main economic sectors: agriculture and health. Highly correlated connections have been found, which are determined by the number of employees in health care, transportation and environment. The potential impact of sociodemographic and migration processes on the number of employees in the abovementioned industries is analyzed. The main reasons why tax burden indicators and local budget expenditures influence the agricultural sector, as well as the region as a whole, are enumerated. Options for improving the refitting model for the Kyiv region are suggested, namely the introduction of a production institutional function with tax burden factors. A multifactor regression model has been developed to predict the number of full-time employees in the region based on statistical indicators of education, health care, and environment, as well as sociodemographic factors

108-113

Authors: Goloborodko A. Y.

The article presents the models of competitive behavior and characterizes them in accordance with the stages of enterprise development. It is proved that at the stage of maturity and reformatting, it is necessary to take proactive measures to ensure sustainable development of the enterprise in the future. Bearing this in mind, the paper suggests two main models for building a successful company from the viewpoint of business reformatting: the progressive development model and the model of digital strategic partnership. Factors influencing the choice and justification of the scenario for enterprise development through the formation of digital strategic partnerships are highlighted. The models of progressive development and digital strategic partnership are compared in detail as for their maintenance, conditions of application, advantages and disadvantages. The organizational and economic plateau in forming digital strategic partnership is developed, the partnership being based on the principles of complexity, consistency and coherence of all the flows and business processes taking place at an, in order enterprises to ensure its efficiency and digitalization. At the same time, the integrated digital platform should provide comprehensive automated management of all flow processes of partner companies, and material flows should be mutually consistent and provided with flow processes, namely: transport logistics and financial, personnel, information and service processes. None of these processes can be considered separately from others, and the main goal of building digital strategic partnership should be systemic coordinated regulation of the activities of all these flow processes

121-126

Authors: Lazebnyk I. O., Korepanova K. O.

The article is aimed at forming a methodological framework for the strategic management of human resources (HRM) in uncertain environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper considers the main approaches to defining the concept of strategic personnel management and research areas in this field. The key issues that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the behavior and form of work of most employees are revealed. Critical views on the (conceptual) inability of strategic research on personnel management to take into account new, modern HR practices are analyzed. The study identifies and analyzes three main consequences (problems) for strategic human resource management studies that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the impact of the work context on the employees’ behavior and actions, tensions between stakeholders (employees, customers and communities together with shareholders), tensions between the strategic and operational roles of HR. In order to identify the main trends in personnel management and assess the priorities and expected challenges for 2022, the authors analyze the results of questioning several companies’ heads of department dealing with personnel, legal and financial issues. Based on the study, the main trends (areas) of human resources management in 2021 are identified, and recommendations are given to form strategic directions of personnel management for the future. Prospects for further research in this area are to develop recommendations on how to change personnel management practices to take into account changes in service delivery, such as increase in service digitization or reduction in physical interaction in service delivery in response to COVID-19, and to determine their influence on the customers’ key results.

134-140

Authors: Pashkevych M. S., Li Guannan

The article presents the results of research on the topical issue of achieving the global goal of sustainable development by 2030. So, the urgent problem of substantiating the tasks of the institutional micro-level of enterprises during their transformation in accordance with the sustainable development principles in the bioeconomy model has been solved. The article is aimed at publishing scientific achievements that improve the theoretical foundations of sustainable development by positioning the bioeconomy in relation to sustainable development, comparing the components of bioeconomy and sustainable development goals, and defining the objectives of enterprises in this context. Having analyzed and compared the essence of bioeconomy and bioeconomics, the authors have identified their significant differences in such characteristics as the conceptual basis of the two models, their focus issues, and the factor seen as the main driver of economic growth. The choice of bioeconomy as a concept that is closer to sustainable development is argued. Significant polarity of scientists' views on bioeconomy as a set of processes and phenomena is revealed. Two types of interpreting bioeconomy are substantiated. Scientists in the first group believe that bioeconomy covers all the components of socio-economic relations connected wtih the production, consumption and utilization of biological resources, including renewable energy. The other group criticizes bioeconomy as a concept and call it a political project of economic influence. The article expresses the authors’ view on bioeconomy as a model, a mechanism for achieving certain global goals of sustainable development, which are mainly related to its environmental component. On this basis, the place of the bioeconomy model in the sustainable development system is substantiated, and the tasks of the sustainable development of an enterprise in the bioeconomy model are determined. These tasks can be divided in two groups, namely 1) tasks of the company’s own activity, and 2) tasks of supporting and assisting other enterprises, whose activities meet the global sustainable development goals and ensure their achievement.

150-156

Authors: Verbivska L. V.

Today, information technology plays a special role in the development of business entities, creating new promising management areas, making it possible to optimize business processes and positively affect the operation quality and general efficiency of enterprises. This fact contributes to the scientists’ interest in conducting research in e-business as a new, promising area of economic activity. Given the relevance of this research area, the article considers theories describing the formation and development of e-business as a whole system. Using methodological apparatus of the systemic approach as a universal concept of perceiving systems of different nature, the article formulates its own interpretation of the "e-business system" category. The latter is suggested to be considered as a holistic, single object of study. a set of relationships between economic entities occurring in the process of buying, selling, producing and exchanging goods and services due to the use of information and communication technologies, having its own purpose and complex structure, and interacting with other environmental systems. A model of such a system has also been designed. In addition, the article considers the structural features of such a system. To do this, attributes for grouping the main elements in the e-business system are identified, namely: the content attribute (the method of separating the components of this system depending on economic activities that can be attributed to e-business) and the subjectivity attribute (studying e-business areas by analyzing the peculiarities of the relationship between individual economic entities). Their essence and the corresponding components of the specified system, which are identified based on these attributes, are considered.

163-172

Authors: Dubyna M. V., Tarasenko A. V., Tarasenko O. O.

The financial services market is essentially a macrofinancial system that is complex, open and dynamic. Households play a key role in the development of such a market, as they actively use the services of bank and nonbank financial institutions. It is the behavior of these economic entities, which is formed under the influence of a number of factors, that generally determines the development of this market. The article is aimed at deepening the theoretical provisions on the nature of the financial behavior of households in order to justify the transformation of such a behavior model. The article considers the nature of the financial behavior of households, its essence, factors influencing its formation, and some types of the behavior, which together make up the model of the outlined behavior. Content analysis of approaches to studying the essence of the category "financial behavior of households" makes it possible to specify the content of this definition and to consider such behavior as “a set of actions” determined by households to manage their own financial resources and to accumulate, preserve, attract, and use them. The authors also study the process of shaping the behavior of households in the financial services market and identifies a set of basic factors affecting it. In particular, it has been found out that individual, personalized determinants play an important role among such factors. It is the presence of these factors that significantly complicates studying the financial behavior of the identified economic entities and makes it impossible to precisely define and describe its models. Having analyzed the nature of the financial confidence of households, the authors have identified the structure of such behavior and identified its basic elements. These include: credit behavior, saving behavior, deposit behavior, investment behavior, tax behavior, insurance behavior, and payment behavior

181-190

Authors: Korepanov O. S., Chala T. G., Korepanov G. S., Chernenko D. I., Maslov M. U.

The article is aimed at studying international experience and on this basis substantiating the feasibility of calculating and using an index of living conditions and urban development in Ukraine. It is determined that a number of indices are calculated at the international level, making it possible to obtain an integrated assessment of the cities in the world, namely: The Global Cities Index, developed by Kearney; Cities in Motion Index, developed by IECE; Global Financial Centers Index, developed by Z / Yen; Global Power City Index, developed by the IMF; Global Liveability Ranking, proposed by The Economist. The positions of the 10 best cities-2019 in the world are compared according to the five described indices. It has been determined that such cities as London, New York, Paris, Tokyo, and Hong Kong are often ranked among the top 10 most prosperous cities or cities with the highest living standards in the world. It is determined that to precisely elaborate and use the technique for calculating the relevant indices for Ukrainian cities it is advisable to choose the Cities in Motion Index, because, unlike other indices, it has a wide geographical coverage, analyzes the largest number of cities, including Kyiv, and takes into account the maximum number of indicators. It assesses such socio-economic aspects of urban development, as human capital, economy, ecology, social cohesion, governance, mobility and transport, urban planning, international reach and technology. A corresponding sub-index is calculated for each aspect. Using the methodological provisions of the CIMI calculation, the values of sub-indices for the city of Kharkiv have been calculated, and the integral value of the index has been obtained, thus determining Kharkiv’s position in the world ranking.

203-210

Authors: Tarnovska I. V., Vlasova V. P.

The article is aimed at studying the domestic and global experience of intensifying the entrepreneurial initiative of military conflicts veterans and using it as a basis to create a pattern for activating the entrepreneurial initiative of ATO / JFO veterans. The article proves the presupposition that employment of combat veterans around the world is a difficult task. The experience of integrating combatants into civilian life by intensifying their entrepreneurial initiative in countries involved in various military conflicts, including the United States, Great Britain, Denmark, the Netherlands and Croatia, has been studied. The study shows that Ukraine has regional, international and governmental programs aimed at adapting veterans to peaceful life. Most of these programs have complex tasks, namely: to organize physical rehabilitation and intensify the entrepreneurial activities of veterans. However, the state of implementation of these programs varies among the regions. The “Norway-Ukraine. Professional adaptation. Integration into the state system” (NUPASS) project is among the international projects that have successful experience in intensifying the entrepreneurial initiative of ATO / JFO veterans. Summarizing the results of sociological research on employing ATO / JFO veterans and their entrepreneurial activity, we have come to conclusion that ATO participants are facing typical problems, just as other entrepreneurs are, in starting and running their own business, making mistakes and failing. The veterans’ business is in the same unfavorable conditions as the standard one is. The article notes that, despite a number of problems that exist in this area, institutional and legal preconditions have been created to accelerate entrepreneurial activity among veterans. Ukrainian society as a whole is positive-minded as for the integration of anti-terrorist operation participants, and most employers are socially responsible. The authors suggest a general pattern of intensifying entrepreneurial activity of ATO / JFO veterans, which is based on the interaction of ATO / JFS veterans and their families, state authorities, international organizations, public organizations and veterans’ associations. Specific factors that contribute to activating the entrepreneurial initiative of ATO / JFO veterans are identified, and the favourable result obtained due to such activation is stated. The main favourable result is a comprehensive approach to promoting veterans’ business, which is revealed in a well-thought-out holistic long-term policy. The approach includes such elements as entrepreneurship training, various sources of financial support, and mentoring during the implementation of the entire business project of ATO / JFO veterans.