The Problems of Economy

13-18

Authors: Otenko I. P

This article is intended as a contribution to the ongoing analysis of economic sustainability in international business. This study is presented with a view toward further understanding and agreement of the key concepts of sustainability. Approaches to sustainability are considered, important benchmarks and essential characteristics of sustainable development in international business are included. The article demonstrates how the concept of economic sustainability can be applied to the business level. The main ideas of the most widespread concepts on resource management are presented. Incorporation of ESG and financial factors in the concept of sustainable investing is considered. Emissions that are responsible for climate change, namely top emitters, key issues and figures are presented.

26-33

Authors: Izmaylov Ya. O.

The aim of the article is to justify and present recommendations on improving the accounting and economic analysis of foreign investments for investment and innovation development of the Ukrainian economy. The dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of foreign investments, which have a direct impact on investment and innovation development of the Ukrainian economy, has been analyzed. The main problems of the investment and innovation development have been indicated and systematized and the places of Ukraine in the world rankings in terms of the weak positions of the economy are presented. The explanation of the category of «foreign investments» with a view to their use in accounting and economic analysis is presented. The ways for improving the accounting and analytical procedures of foreign investment to create transparent and clear rules of doing business for foreigners in Ukraine have been offered. There has been proved a positive influence of the presented recommendations on investment and innovation development of the Ukrainian economy

44-49

Authors: Revak I. O., Ohrymovych M. M.

The aim of the article is to study the trends in activization of investments into the culture sphere as one of the criteria of economic growth and ensuring the state investment security. Analyzing successful international experience and systematizing scientific research in this field it was determined that the development of the culture sphere contributes to growth of national productivity and improves the life quality of the population. On the basis of the study of socio-economic trends and statistical data there have been identified the development problems of the Ukrainian culture as a tool for transition to an innovative model of society development. The attention is focused on practical aspects of revival and maintaining a proper state of the cultural heritage of Ukraine as a source of provision of Ukrainian historical symbols, public morals and ethics. As a result of the research it is found that the objects of cultural heritage are the undisputed economic benefit, which has a direct impact on the investment attractiveness of regions

58-66

Authors: Chechetovа-Terashvili T. M., Udovenko A. A., Loseva O. H.

Advantages and problems of the existing methodologies for analyzing the impact and monitoring of the effectiveness of a regulatory act (RIA) have been evaluated. The urgency of developing a methodological approach for evaluating the quality of the implementation of projects of normative legal acts by RIA regulatory authorities has been justified. There have been analyzed RIAs of the projects of normative legal acts developed by the regulatory authorities in March and April 2016 for their compliance with the new methodology. An algorithm of applying the methodological approach has been formed. The integral index has been proved and coefficients of the completeness of qualitative and quantitative evaluations have been determined. To carry out the assessment, the state and local regulatory authorities were selected. The conclusions as to the completeness and quality of the analyzed RIAs, as well as their compliance with the provisions of the new methodology have been made. Proposals to improve existing techniques have been developed.

74-79

Authors: Danko N. I., Dovhal G. V. T

On the basis of analyzing publications and documents of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the authors clarified the concept of «tourist destination»; considered and clarified the concept of «brand of the tourist destination»; suggested the mechanism for development of the brand of the tourist destination. The existing brand of Kharkiv – «Kharkiv – smart city» – has been analyzed and it was concluded that this brand is promising and successful for educational tourism, for attracting foreign students and scholars – connoisseurs of new technologies and science fiction. The direction of further work on the brand of Kharkiv city as a tourist destination is to enhance the already existing brand «Kharkiv – smart city» by introducing a set of marketing communications, aggressive advertising campaign in Ukrainian and international media and travel exhibitions. Besides, it is considered to be promising to design brands intended for other target segments of consumers – «Kharkiv – historic city», «Kharkiv – sport city», etc., which will lead to a synergistic effect in the tourism industry of Kharkiv. Prospects for further research in this direction are studying new strategic directions of development of Kharkiv city as a tourist destination.

90-101

Authors: Bondarenko S. A.

The aim of the article is to define the main conceptual framework of innovation development in the enterprise management system on the basis of the systemic approach. The current state of the innovation activity of industrial enterprises and results of introducing innovations in Ukraine have been analyzed, which revealed the absence of an effective system of innovation activity at enterprises. This results from insufficient financial resources, lack of motivation for the enterprise to introduce innovations, unpreparedness of resource provision of innovation process, unformed specific competences for the innovation activity. Besides, the vague state policy on innovation development, lack of efficient mechanisms for its stimulation and provision hinder the practical implementation of the innovation development system at enterprises. The author’s study of modern concepts of innovation development allowed to specify the author’s concept of innovation development in the system of enterprise management. It is proved that management of the enterprise innovation activity is a separate type of management activity and requires an appropriate support. The innovation system including functional, process and executive units is presented as a dynamic model of the enterprise innovation activity. The proposed conceptual approaches give a generalized idea about the place of innovation development in the system of enterprise management.

110-116

Authors: Ponomarenko T. V.

There has been foregrounded the problematics of a probability of the enterprise existence in binary states: stable — instable. It is emphasized that most of scientists insist on the uncompromising nature of the stable state. The examples of the functioning of world companies, which give grounds to speak about its discrete nature, are presented. It is shown that the dynamic nature of stability is revealed through the prism of the adaptive and equilibrum approach and evolutionary and progressive one. On the basis of the critical analysis of their content there determined the hopelessness of prospects for using the first approach due to the impossibility of maintaining the equilibrium state of the enterprise during an extended period of time. The key postulates of the synergy theory are transformed to be used in the course of economic reasoning. It is noted that the dialectical unity of the multidirectional processes of destruction and creation determines the simultaneous existence of signs of stability and instability at the enterprise, which generates the weakening of the current and formation of new potential opportunities. Consequently, the excessive “dramatization” of the instable state excludes an adequate response of the management and diverts attention from the key issue — the length of staying in it. It is proved that the achievement of the highest possible synthetic unity of all the parameters of the stable state is mainly of the hypothetical nature and the permanent vital activity of the enterprise is possible only through its qualitative changes, the processes of generation of which periodically change stable periods of the enterprise existence.

123-128

Authors: Skrynkovskyy R. M., Kostiuk N. R., Koval N. M., Haleliuk M. M.

The article reveals the essence of the concept of “diagnosis of the enterprise transport activity”, by which there should be meant a process of evaluating the state of movement (transportation, carrying) of freight (material resources, work in process or finished products) by one type of transport facilities or their combination in accordance with the applied transport system and trends of its changes as well as determining the future prospects on the basis of sound management decisions in order to ensure a successful operation and development of the enterprise in the competitive environment. It has been found that the key business-indicators of the diagnosis system of transport activity as a component of the enterprise logistical system are: the coefficient of timeliness of freight transportation (delivery); coefficient of completeness of transportation; coefficient of freight safety conditions; coefficient of efficiency of freight transportation; coefficient of complexity of servicing freight owners; coefficient of satisfaction of freight owners’ demand, coefficient of readiness to operation of transport facilities per working day; coefficient of using vehicle kilometers travelled; coefficient of extensity of transport facility packing.

136-140

Authors: Shulgina L. M., Barchik R., Klishinski J.

The author’s approach to understanding the impact of personnel competencies on the development of the enterprise innovative activity has been described. It has been justified that the controlling and controlled subsystems of human capital should cross pollinate knowledge thereby increasing the basis for the development of innovative activity. It has been proved that the most important part of the total capital of the enterprise is human capital: it is not only an element of intellectual capital but also a factor in the formation of its two other constituents (relationship capital and structural capital); it is the basis for the formation of the structure and volume of physical capital. A particular attention is paid to the need to identify at hiring employees not only their competencies (acquired during life and is characterizing exclusively professional attributes of the employee) but also such elements of human capital as skills, inclinations, health, intellectual efficiency, etc. — making up a whole psychographic portrait of the person and being extremely important for the development of the enterprise innovative activity

148-160

Authors: Lomeiko Yu. A.

The aim of the article is to examine the essence of the state financial control, identify directions of its improvement and define effective methods for its evaluation. On the basis of the results of analysis of modern scientific works it is determined that the precondition for building an effective state financial control system is defining its role in public financial relationships. According to the data of the conducted study it was concluded that first of all, the state financial control is an instrument of fiscal policy and, therefore, its direct purpose is ensuring a sustainable socio-economic development of the country, i.e., achieving the goal of the fiscal policy. Besides, there revealed the need to harmonize the components of the fiscal policy and types of the state financial control in order to build an effective institutional structure of public administration. It is proved that the division of the state financial control into internal and external must be conducted in accordance with the fact whether the controlling body and the subject under control belong to the same or different branch of power. Also the results of the study suggest that for Ukraine it is expedient to choose the model of a decentralized internal state financial control instead of the existing mixed one in order to avoid duplication by the State Audit Service of Ukraine bodies of partially the functions of the Audit Chamber, and partially those of internal control departments, which operate in the executive branch. There determined inappropriateness of building a system of state internal financial control on the basis of the principles provided for the bodies of the external state financial control. This situation leads to ungrounded definition of the internal control as an object of internal audit, which is carried out by structural units in budget organizations. It is also important to emphasize the need to evaluate managerial decisions in exercising the audit of the control effectiveness in order to increase the responsibility of officials. Prospects for further research are to improve the methodology for evaluating the state financial control in general to identify those of its components that have a negative impact on its entire system.

167-172

Authors: Rohach F. I.

The problem of pegging currencies of developing countries to the US dollar is that its dynamics determines the economic instability of most of such countries and the world economy as a whole. In this regard there is a need to find alternative variants of the global monetary anchor to ensure the global financial stability. It is proposed to choose an anchor based on the basket of floating national currencies, which will be balanced by counter fluctuations of the basket currencies and be stable with respect to the national currency, as one of the variants. Such basket anchor can potentially perform the function of money and be used as the world and regional currency. The article presents the example of calculating the quotation of national currencies against the baskets based on the data on G-20 and EAEU countries.

179-183

Authors: Marenych T. H.

The aim of the article is justification of the need to specify in the order on accounting policies not only the elements of the accounting policy itself but also the initial accounting estimates, which will increase the reliability of financial reporting and the development of proposals on improvement of the given administrative documents of the enterprise. It is noted that in recent years the importance of a high-quality accounting policy has increased significantly not only for users of financial reports but also for achieving the purposes of determining the object of levying the profits tax. There revealed significant differences at reflecting in accounting the consequences of changes in the accounting policy and accounting estimate. There has been generalized the information in the order on the enterprise accounting policy with respect to accounting estimates. It is proposed to provide a separate section in the order, where there should be presented information about the list of accounting estimates taken, about how the company will make changes in the accounting policy, accounting estimate as well as correct errors.

194-199

Authors: Stryzhychenko K. A.

The cyclicality in the development of the Ukrainian economy during the years of its independence under conditions of its political and legal transformations has been studied. On the basis of the analysis of worldwide research the problem of influence of political transformations on the socio-economic development of the state has been identified. There has been developed a methodological approach to studying the evolutionary development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of its European integration, which comprises three main blocks: Block 1 – studying the development of the legal field of Ukraine; Block 2 – studying the policy of development of Ukraine and orientation of its economic system; Block 3 – analyzing the evolutionary development of the Ukrainian economy and determining its cyclical nature. Within the developed approach there were used wavelet models, spectral analysis – Fourier expansion and Johanson test. The paper puts forward three hypotheses: hypothesis 1 – about the existence of short-term 5-year cycles of evolutionary development of the economy; hypothesis 2 – about the existence of a long-term cycle lasing 25 years and conditioned by political and legal processes in the society; hypothesis 3 – about the existence of cointegration relationships between the evolutionary development of the economy of Ukraine and the EU. On the basis of the modern political transformations the phases of development of the Ukrainian legal environment have been defined and comparison of these phases with the specifics of its economic development has been carried out. The analysis of the economic system of Ukraine and its policy made it possible to determine the vector of development of the Ukrainian economy. The approximating (trend) and detailing (cyclic) components of the economic development of Ukraine were determined with the help of wavelet expansion. Using Fourier analysis for the detailing components allowed to distinguish 5-year cycles in the Ukrainian economy, which proved the first hypothesis.