Business Inform

12-17

Authors: Volosnikova N. M., Maksymenko I. A., Serzhanov V. V., Abramov F. V.

The article is aimed at defining the causes and consequences of the emergence and spread in the system of financial monitoring of semi-formal rules along with determining the measures to prevent them. It is shown that the efficiency of the financial monitoring system is determined by the efficiency of two groups of formal rules: formal rules of financial monitoring and formal rules of financial investigations. In addition to internal factors, the inefficiency of formal rules of financial monitoring may be caused by the spread of semi-formal rules. It is identified that the reason for the emergence and spread of semi-formal rules in the financial monitoring system is the broad discretionary powers granted to the official by both formal rules of financial monitoring and formal rules of financial investigations. The formation of semi-formal rules in the system of financial monitoring, like other cases of the formation of semi-formal rules, is accompanied by static and dynamic effects. The static effect of the formation of semi-formal rules is accompanied by a sharp drop in the effectiveness of the effective formal rules of financial monitoring. The main threat of the dynamic effect is the long-term decline in the efficiency of formal rules of financial monitoring. It is proved that of the two main conceptions of preventing the formation of semi-formal rules, i. e., limiting the discretionary powers of an official and restoring the efficiency of market mechanisms or imitating their correct operation, in the case of a financial monitoring system, only the last of these conceptions can be involved. A key element in the implementation of the restoration of the operability of market mechanisms or imitation of their correct operation is the delegation of basic monitoring functions to the actors who are able to perform the relevant functions with the lowest level of transaction costs of bureaucratic procedures.

24-30

Authors: Strilok I. I.

The article is aimed at determining the general basics for the implementation of the company’s development process, studying the influence of the international business environment, and highlighting key trends and opportunities for its development. Analyzing the scientific works of scholars and taking into account the dynamism of world processes, the potential goals from which companies usually begin the process of change and development are considered: continuous improvement; improving or enhancing communication; employee development; improvement of products and services; increase in profits. The stages of development of an international company in the article are as follows: determining the scope of improvement; research on the problem; creating an action plan; creating motivation and vision; implementation; evaluation of initial results; adaptation or continuation. Since changes and development of the company can be associated with certain obstacles to achieving the goal, the common challenges that arise in the process of development of the company include: fear of the unknown; conflicting goals; burnout; lack of leadership; misunderstanding of the planned changes; difficulty in regard with changing either mission or values. Analyzing the external business environment, which consists of numerous factors, the present publication groupes the latter into six key subenvironments. External factors that have an impact on the development of the consulting company’s business are both new trends (customer trends, dynamic mega-trends, technological trends) and destructive factors (macroeconomic, market-based, industry-based). Each of these factors creates a unique set of challenges and opportunities for business development. They emphasize the need for adaptability both at the individual level and at the business (or industry) level. As a result of the study, key trends (artificial intelligence and digitalization, expansion of cloud services, global recruitment for consultant positions, updated staff retention strategies, compliance with environmental, social and management (ESG) measures) are identified and opportunities for the development of a consulting company are substantiated. Prospects for further work in this direction are the formation of a mechanism for managing the development of an international company to strengthen the company’s competitive strategy; improving management and decision support processes at all levels; management of decisive data flows; implementation of changes to create a culture of flexibility and develop the company’s competitiveness

40-47

Authors: Shabelnyk T. V., Marena T. V., Shabelnyk M. M.

The aim of the research work is to form a model of control and risk assessment of foreign economic security (FES) of national economies in the conditions of global crises. Its implementation will make it possible to take into account the likely future threats of FES in time and introduce effective mechanisms for their extinguishing or reduction in the present time to form an optimal trajectory for the development of foreign economic relations. The article substantiates that as the forecast values of FES indicators for the formation of a model of control and risk assessment of FES of national economies, it is advisable to include the following indicators: the level of openness of the economy; import export coverage ratio; growth rates of exports and imports; the share of imports in domestic consumption of the country; level of unemployment. As a method of forecasting the FES indicators, it is proposed to use a consensus forecast based on the principle of calculating the median values of indicators based on expert assessments by macroeconomic analysis and forecasting specialists. The practical implementation of the model of control and risk assessment of the FES of national economies was carried out on the example of the Ukrainian economy as one that is subject to the strong influence of crisis phenomena that cause a complex of threats to the FES. The projected level of FES risk for Ukraine according to a pessimistic and probable estimate is dangerously high, according to an optimistic one – high. This means the presence of a destabilizing negative impact of the crisis occurrences on the foreign economic activity of the national economy and a significant decrease in its functionality. To ensure the proper level of the FES of Ukraine in the context of crisis, it is necessary to: improve the regulatory framework by introducing a mandatory norm for calculating the FES index annually along with the forecast value of the risk level; introduction of mechanisms to increase Ukraine's role in the world trade system through the development of high-tech sectors of the economy, in particular through attracting international investment; search for new opportunities for foreign trade cooperation and development of the internal market.

53-59

Authors: Rudenko I. V.

The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for improving the economic instruments for overcoming ecological problems in Ukraine. A significant deterioration in the state of the environment in an unstable economic situation is emphasized. The significant aggravation of ecological and economic problems in the country during the wartime and the need to overcome them are underlined. The dynamics of changes in the state of the environment, in particular the volume of waste generation and disposal in Ukraine during 2016-2020, is examined. It is concluded that there is an unstable trend of changes in the volume of waste generated, which allowed to state the inconsistent and unsystematic ecological policy of the government recently. As a positive point, the tendency to reduction of the waste of I–III hazard classes is specified. The tendency to decrease the volume of recycled and burned waste and increase the amount of waste in specially designated places and facilities is determined, which can also be the cause of aggravation of ecological problems in the country. An analysis of the dynamics of capital investments and current costs for the protection and rational use of natural resources is carried out. It is concluded that at the state level in Ukraine the problem of greening production has not yet been resolved. It is emphasized that ecologically safe and resource-saving technologies, as well as waste processing and purification require additional financial investments. It is underlined that economic instruments for regulating the behavior of economic and ecological systems today require additional substantiation. The possibilities of more efficient use of methods of taxation, customs policy, lending, provision of subsidies and benefits, imposition of fines, etc. are considered. The need to introduce ecological management as an important direction to overcome ecological problems in the country is proved. In order to ensure the efficiency of the considered economic instruments, the need for an appropriate control system with performance control and compliance with standards is substantiated.

68-73

Authors: Dorofyeyev O. V.

The study reveals the relevance of the problem of cooperation between territorial communities in the field of enhancing local economic development. The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects, as well as to substantiate recommendations in the part of implementing cooperation between territorial communities to ensure economic development at the local level. On the example of one of the communities of Poltava region an analysis of the state of its economic development was carried out, in particular in terms of the level and structure of entrepreneurial activity, the state of functioning and development of industry, agriculture, and other types of economic activity. Problematic aspects and prospects of local economic development of the community are identified. Promising directions of intermunicipal cooperation of the community, in particular in the areas of hub development in basic activities, are substantiated; industrial clusters and other centers of accumulation of business activity; realization of the tourist potential of the community; support of investment and entrepreneurial projects in the field of creation of enterprises in the sectors of the real sector of the economy with a high level of added value and depth of processing of products; stimulating the entrepreneurial activity of local residents. The scientific novelty of the research results in expanding the instrumentarium of intermunicipal cooperation of communities in the sphere of local economic development. The practical significance of the research results is that a list of instruments that can be implemented by territorial communities to remove obstacles and ensure more effective stimulation of local economic growth is determined. It is displayed that a particularly important aspect in the context of the development of intermunicipal cooperation of territorial communities in the economic sphere is the harmonization of fiscal stimulation policy in terms of local taxes and fees, intermunicipal cooperation in the field of resource-based and organizational support for small businesses (in particular, newly created entities), establishing cooperation between local economic development agencies and the tasks of advising local population and business, helping the population in creation of own business, its support, creation of territorial business incubators

80-85

Authors: Serdiuk O. I.

The article reveals the relevance of creating clusters as an infrastructural element of ensuring the local economic development, as well as the use of measures and means in this area in the system of local policy to deepen economic cooperation of territorial communities in Ukraine. The purpose of the study was to improve the methodological and applied basis of intermunicipal cooperation of communities in the field of development of institutional elements of cooperation and cooperation of subjects of the real sector of the economy, in particular production and sales clusters. The advantages of creating cluster structures have been identified both for the community on whose territory they are located and for the community where clusters are not yet created, but these communities can be participants in a cooperation in this area. Obstacles and peculiarities of local economic development management through the creation and expansion of cluster activities are identified. The forms of intermunicipal cooperation in the field of cluster creation are expanded. A structural and organizational hierarchy of cluster creation and development is constructed. The forms of implementation of cooperation between territorial communities in the field of cluster structures development are determined, in particular: 1) development of institutional elements of cooperation at the community level; 2) cross-border development of clusters on the territory of one of the two neighboring communities; 3) interregional development of clusters between communities located in different parts of the region and even the country. The scientific novelty of the study is that the types and forms of interaction of territorial communities in the field of creation and development of cluster structures have been further developed. The applied significance of the research results is that methodological and applied support of regional policy in the field of development of elements of the institutional infrastructure of cooperation and joint development of entities of the real sector of the local economy has been developed.

94-101

Authors: Rudakova S. H., Shchetinina L. V., Poplavska O. M., Danylevych N. S., Lazarieva I. Y.

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and practical principles of ensuring gender balance in the country as a prerequisite for gender equality. Gender equality is a state of equal access to resources and opportunities, regardless of gender, in particular equal participation in economic activity and decision-making, as well as a state of valuation of different aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender. Ensuring gender equality in all spheres of human activity is also regulated by Art. 24 of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men», ratified by the ILO Convention No. 100 on equal remuneration of men and women for work of equal value and the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. The article explores the gender balance in domestic enterprises. The ratio of the average wages of women and men in the period 2016–2021 has the dynamics towards reducing the gender gap. In 2021, the gender gap in Ukrainian organizations amounted to 70.8%. In general, in the rankings for 2020, Ukraine ranks 60th out of 160 countries. The most problematic in achieving gender equality in wages are the following areas of activity: agriculture, forestry, fisheries, arts, sports and recreation, financial and insurance activities, postal and courier delivery. In Ukraine, as in other European countries, there are gender stereotypes of professions, due to the nature of work. More «male» are considered the sphere of construction, transport, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, as well as manufacturing industry. More «female» areas of activity include the sphere of health care and social assistance. An important indicator of gender discrimination is women’s participation in politics. As of the beginning of 2021, the number of women in the parliament was 20.8% (in 2020 – 12.8%). Women are often discriminated against in an interview with a potential employer. In particular, there are many advertisements in the media regarding hiring, which contain requirements regarding the age and gender of the employee. Sex screenings are especially often used when it comes to highly paid and prestigious positions. The pandemic has further exacerbated the problems of gender inequality in Ukraine. Almost 40% of women surveyed began to earn less income, and there was also a gap of 20% between the salaries of women and men in the same positions. An equally important role in establishing a gender-balanced approach in the country is knowledge. An important aspect of gender equality is women’s self-education and development. Another problem in Ukraine and in the world in general is to ensure gender balance in the culture of those organizations that, according to stereotypes, are suitable only for men, in particular, law enforcement agencies. Thus, it is determined that there are still manifestations of gender inequality in Ukraine. Obstacles to the gender approach arise not only because of the low level of awareness of gender issues or the lack of political will to implement policies, but also because of the very slow process of public policy development along with the political reality in Ukraine. Therefore, a rapid reform is the best opportunity to integrate the instruments of gender equality and gender approach. Among the main instruments should be tax incentives for maintaining a gender balance among staff, implementing gender quotas in the composition of staff of various categories, using digital reporting of enterprises, promoting the development of remote employment, etc.

108-115

Authors: Dymchenko O. V., Smachylo V. V., Rudachenko O. O., Khailo Y. M.

The publication defines the components of a characterization of the life provision system, its importance and impact on the quality of life of the population, the level of socioeconomic development of cities, regions, and the country. The essence of the sphere of urban life provision and its components, within terms of which subjects of various forms of ownership, size and types of economic activity operate, are characterized. The components of the characterization of the life provision system as a subject of research reflect various contradictions of its functioning: it is an object of both spatial economy (regional structure and scales) and industry specifics (multifunctional complex – housing, transport, water supply, etc.), which provides services to the population and enterprises. Thus, life provision enterprises operate according to special technologies inherent in each individual industry (water supply – physicochemical processes; energy and heat supply – heat generation, heat exchange, transportation technologies; residential sector – repair, construction, plumbing works, etc.). Urban economic systems work to maintain the lives of residents at a quality level. These systems represent a large, diversified and extensive infrastructure of institutions and enterprises. It is determined that the sphere of urban life provision is provided by the activities of enterprises of various forms of ownership, operating according to different types of economic activity. Their activities, as well as the activities of other economic entities, are influenced by russia’s military actions on the territory of Ukraine, which caused challenges that entrepreneurs of the world have not faced yet. It is proved that enterprises in the sphere of urban life provision expect post-war transformations, which will be expressed in the refusal of people to use centralized services of electricity, gas, heat, water supply, that is, there will be an increase in the level of individualization. As a result of the carried out analysis, the problems faced by life provision enterprises are identified. The directions of post-war transformation of the components of the sphere of urban life provision and their effects regarding the quality of life of the population and the development of entrepreneurship in Ukraine are substantiated.

123-129

Authors: Yevdokymenko V. K., Kuz V. I.

The purpose of the article is to study and substantiate approaches to the identification of objects, methods and instruments of managerial accounting based on its importance for the information support of the management system, interrelationships with other information systems and the management models selected for the application. The article substantiates the dominant importance of managerial accounting as a source of relevant information for making atypical, unformalized, uncertain, multipurpose, strategic managerial decisions and decisions which take attention of many criteria. The necessity of taking into account the content of managerial tasks and information requests in the identification of objects and instruments of managerial accounting is proved, which will increase the level of efficiency of the information provision process and the relevance of accounting data. The article determines the need for the inclusion in the managerial accounting subsystem of new objects that characterize the social, ecological and organizational components of economic activity, as well as financial and non-financial information that characterizes the state and development of the external socioeconomic environment, changes in the objects under study in the future. It is proposed to include in the managerial accounting instrumentarium such objects and instruments, the information characteristics of which are of interest to management staff, and their methodological processing is possible in accordance with the principles of building an accounting system and the stages of the accounting process. The problems of non-fulfillment by managerial accounting of the functions assigned to it due to insufficient level of professional qualification of managerial accounting specialists, lack of practice of regulating the relationships between management levels and producers of accounting information, existing organizational, methodological, technical and subject communication barriers are identified.

137-145

Authors: Gnatchenko Y. Y., Tararuiev I. O.

The article is concerned with the formulation of recommendations for the diagnostics of competitiveness of stock exchanges in Ukraine. The main stages of the study are described, the definitions and stages of economic diagnostics are given, and the features of the diagnostics of the competitiveness of economic entities are formulated. A brief characterization of three of the four existing capital market operators (stock exchanges) selected by the authors as objects of competitiveness diagnostics is presented. Based on a detailed analysis of the public reporting of stock exchanges, annual reports of securities issuers, audit reports, regulatory provisions governing exchange activities in Ukraine, and other open information, the article substantiates the choice of indicators of competitiveness of stock exchanges and provides the ratio for their determination. Indicators of competitiveness are determined for 2020–2021 (exclusion from the list of objects for diagnosing the competitiveness of the PFTS stock exchange is due precisely to the lack of relevant information for the implementation of the necessary calculations). In order to correctly determine the competitive status of capital market operators, the normalization of the values of the selected competitiveness indicators was carried out using their minimum and maximum values (which made it possible to abandon the formation of the object of comparison with the best hypothetical characteristics and allowed to use the maximum values of indicators of stock exchanges as guidelines for their competitiveness in the most important areas of activity). The integral indicator of the competitiveness of stock exchanges is proposed to be determined as a result of averaging the normalized values of the corresponding indicators. Based on the results of the carried out diagnostics of the competitive status of stock exchanges, general recommendations for improving their competitiveness are formulated, together with the promising directions for further research in this sphere.

151-159

Authors: Shubenko I. A.

The main suppliers of credit resources to the today’s market are commercial banks, which for a long time act as the main creditors of both legal entities and individuals. The formation of credit relations occurs in the external environment, which can give rise to completely new risks that the developed credit market has not previously faced. The purpose of the study is to complement the essence of credit risk and consider it not only from the standpoint of the lender, but also the borrower, as well as outline methods for managing it. The main research methods in this publication are methods of scientific abstraction, induction and deduction for a comprehensive consideration of credit risk on the part of both the borrower and the lender; some provisions of the study are supplemented by the method of economic analysis. As a result, it is determined that credit risk is not only a risk of a banking institution, but also a risk of an enterprise, institution, individual who has borrowed a certain amount of funds from a financial institution and has an obligation to repay not only the principal amount of the debt, but also interest for using the borrowed value. It is found that credit risk should be considered as a unity of two concepts: creditor’s risk and borrower’s risk. After all, the borrower as a participant in the credit agreement is significantly influenced by the external environment, which must be taken into account when obtaining a loan. It is determined that in accordance with modern political and economic conditions, a closed system of protection against credit risk should be formed, first of all at the level of the borrower, then at the State level. It has been examined that at the creditor level, banking institutions have a wide range of methods to minimize this risk, while the borrower’s protection against credit risk is just beginning to take shape. Further research in the field of credit risk management of the borrower will concern an in-depth study of the methods of its management and improvement of methods of credit risk management at the State level.

167-177

Authors: Vostriakova V. I.

Bioeconomy is a complex economic system, the functioning of which leads to the emergence of a synergy effect due to the effective combination of natural resources and technologies along with the market-based, social, and political components. In a bioeconomic system, established links are formed between traditional industries based on the use of fossil natural resources and modern ones that have not previously intersected. As a result, one industry uses by-products of another industry as raw materials, thus forming a closed production cycle. The purpose of the article is to develop an author’s vision of the conceptual foundations to substantiate the sustainability of the bioeconomic system, taking into account its specific characteristics, modern challenges and potential of the country. The article reveals the features of transformations of socioeconomic systems into a complex adaptive bioeconomic system in a dynamic perspective. The complexity and complicacy of transformation management lies in the relationship and interaction of the elements of the system, as well as between the very system and its environment. A theoretical analysis of the evolution of the concept of «bioeconomy» is carried out and its basic properties are determined. The interpretation of the bioeconomy as a complex adaptive system that ensures the achievement of sustainable development goals is substantiated. Based on empirical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the European Commission, potential sectors of the bioeconomic sector of Ukraine have been identified, and the dynamics of the contribution of potential sectors of Ukraine’s economy to the national economy has been analyzed according to the main indicators: generation of value added and creation of jobs. Based on the theoretical and analytical research, it is proved that bioeconomy, as a complex system combining several sectors of the economy, can adapt to changes occurring in the environment.

184-190

Authors: The Decision-Making Procedure Regarding the Choice of Modern Information Technologies in the Conception of the Process Approach to Enterprise Management

The business environment of economic entities is complex, dynamic and changeable, so management entities must respond quickly to such changes, in particular through the introduction of the process approach to management, allowing the enterprises to remain competitive. The study of the considered issues indicates the need to introduce the latest technologies for optimizing and managing the enterprise processes through the use of information technologies. The purpose of the article is to develop an algorithm for making a decision on the choice of modern information technologies in the conception of the process approach to enterprise management. The article proves the relevance of the process approach to enterprise management at the present stage of development of society; an analytical review of modern software platforms was carried out, the use of which significantly increases the efficiency of the process approach to enterprise management; an integrated approach to the establishment of successive stages of the choice of tools for supporting information technologies in the process management of an enterprise for each specific case is substantiated. The aim of the study was achieved with the help of the applied methodology, which included general scientific techniques and research methods, in particular analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (in order to clarify the essence and characteristics of the object and subject of study); scientific abstraction, logical analysis (in order to establish the causes, factors of influence, consequences for the object and subject of study); both the integrated and the system approaches (in order to build an algorithm for deciding on the choice of modern information technologies in the conception of the process approach to enterprise management). Further scientific research on the proposed issues will be determined by the consideration that the rapid development of modern technologies, in the conditions of progressive informatization of society, requires a revision of the basic principles of process management at the enterprise.

196-202

Authors: Guseva O. Y., Zakharzhevska A. A.

The article provides an in-depth diagnosis of the development of risk management of telecommunications enterprises, taking into account the existing level of organization of risk management and the level of the enterprises’ economic stability in the context of digitalization of business processes. Thus, the imperatives for diagnosing the efficiency of risk management development are substantiated; a typology of clusters of telecommunication enterprises has been formed to determine the level of development of risk management; a system of indicators for assessing the level of organization of risk management of telecommunication enterprises and for determining the level of economic stability of the enterprise, taking into account risk factors, is proposed. Based on the proposed scientific-methodological approach, the coefficients of efficiency of risk management development are calculated and the level of efficiency is determined. It is found that the leading telecommunication enterprises of Ukraine, namely, PJSC «Kyivstar», PJSC «VF Ukraine», LLC «lifesell» and PJSC «Ukrtelecom» have a fairly high (above average or average) level of risk management development. The highest level of risk management development and the least «radical» focus of changes in risk management strategy is provided by Kyivstar PJSC. This enterprise has a progressive level of organization of risk management and the highest level of economic stability among the studied enterprises. PJSC «VF Ukraine» (2nd place after PJSC «Kyivstar») and LLC «lifesell» (respectively – 3rd place) have a sufficiently high (on the scale of «above average») level of risk management development. It is determined that at the present stage these enterprises have a standard, with elements of progressive, level of development of risk management and are sufficiently prepared for the use of innovative risk reduction mechanisms.