Business Inform

14-20

Authors: Kaverina K. O., Grygorova-Berenda L. I.

Data from the German Federal Statistical Office show that economic production in this country decreased significantly in 2020, and gross domestic product decreased by 5% compared to the previous year. This means that the German economy suffered a deep recession in 2020 owing to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted the ten-year positive dynamics of economic growth. The purpose of the article is to define the features and characteristics of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the components of Germany’s foreign economic activity. The place and role of Germany in world trade are considered. The impact of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic indicators of Germany and the European Union was examined, in particular, a significant drop in GDP in the second quarter of 2020. It is substantiated that the German economy is export-oriented and at the same time to some extent it is import-dependent. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade in goods is outlined. In particular, since March 2020, there has been a significant drop in Germany’s exports and imports indicators owing to logistical problems and failures in supply chains. It is defined that motor vehicles and spare parts for them, as well as machinery and chemical products are the largest groups of goods among the exports and imports of Germany. Using the calculated RCA index, it was found out that according to these groups of goods, Germany also has comparative advantages. The dynamics of export and import volumes of the main commodity groups of Germany is presented. The prolonged impact of the pandemic, in particular the restrictive measures taken in the spring of 2019, on a significant drop in exports and imports in mid-April 2020 has been researched. It is proved that the high degree of openness of the German economy has increased macroeconomic stability in the context of the impact of the pandemic. It is found out that foreign economic activity is one of the important factors that helped the German economy cope with the COVID-19 crisis. A description of the successful EU policy in response to the consequences of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is given.

27-32

Authors: Seniv L. A., Komarnytska B. O.

The purpose of the article is to study the problematic issues regarding the activities of industrial parks as instruments of investment policy in Ukraine and to analyze the directions of their efficient functioning under martial law. The theoretical foundations of the development of industrial parks, their essence and features of functioning are considered. The normative and legal regulation of industrial parks in Ukraine is characterized. The main draft legislative acts that are at the stages of consideration of the relevant committees are mentioned. The organization of activities of existing Ukrainian industrial parks, in particular the problems of their creation and functioning in modern militarized conditions, is considered. The activity of industrial parks in Ukraine during 2012-2021 is researched. The slow process of creating these sites, the imperfection of domestic legislation and the lack of appropriate funding are noted. The effects of the construction of new industrial parks, in particular conservative and optimistic scenarios, are described. The major problems of industrial parks in Ukraine in wartime are analyzed. The advantages of relocation of enterprises to the territory of existing industrial parks are characterized, which include: the presence of ready-made premises with the necessary communications; provision by the management company of all necessary administrative and other services to residents; cooperation of residents with each other, creation of joint supply chains, the possibility of sending goods through the logistics center located in the same park. The main directions of solving the problems of effective and safe development of industrial parks, which will contribute to the relocation of enterprises, attracting investments and restoring the economy of Ukraine after the war, are examined.

41-52

Authors: Umanets T. V., Shatalova L. S.

The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the signs and features of the transformation of living labor under the influence of digitalization. The article examines the essence of the concept of «transformation of living labor» and the nature of the impact of digitalization of the economy thereupon; the directions of changes in living labor in the conditions of formation of the information and network economy were identified; changes in forms of employment in the context of the formation of the gig economy sector were substantiated; peculiarities of the functioning of digital platforms as a new type of basic economic institution and the scale of the influence of digital technologies on living labor through the prism of changes in the organic capital structure were revealed; the contours of the change in the formation of the cost of labor force as a result of a change in the owners of the means of production were indicated; the essence of digital capital was researched; the multidirectional nature of the processes that form the demand and supply of labor force in Ukraine was studied and substantiated. Based on the theories of transformation of systems and the labor economics, the concept of «transformation of living labor» is defined as changes in social and labor relations that arise in the processes of creating new value and reproduction of labor force. It is proposed to distinguish two levels of research on the transformation of living labor under the influence of digital technologies, namely: common to the economic environment and specific to the labor market, which made it possible to further determine the directions of its changes according to the characteristics of each of them, using the method of abstraction. The theoretical substantiation of changes according to the signs of two levels of transformation of living labor was further developed. For the first level, which defines the determinants of general shifts for the economic environment, it is proposed and substantiated to single out such features as: the transition from an industrial-market to an information-network economy; formation of the gig economy; formation of digital platforms; for the second level, which is specific to the labor market, the signs of transformation processes are as follows: creating conditions for the growth of the organic capital structure; changes in the formation of components of the cost of labor force as a result of a change in the owners of the means of production; formation of digital capital; multidirectional processes that form supply and demand in the labor market. The blocks by which it is advisable to examine the effectiveness of the use of digital platforms, according to the authors, can be: production costs; quality of products, works, services; use of working time; the level and quality of e-commerce; the level of economic relations; quality of access to information.

58-63

Authors: Babayev V. M., Dymchenko O. V., Smachylo V. V., Rudachenko O. O.

The article provides the definitions of the concept of both a startup and a startups ecosystem, on the basis of many analyzed scientific works of both domestic and foreign scholars. It is proved that the startups ecosystem is understood as a network that unites various subjects of the innovation process (universities, venture capital companies, marketers, entrepreneurs, audit and consulting agencies, etc.) that interact with each other on the basis of certain agreed «rules of the game». The overall startups ecosystem is taken for an example, being represented by four levels (global (international); national; regional; local). Each of the individual levels creates conditions for the development and successful functioning of startups. The publication presents in more detail the totality of participants in the local startups ecosystem, where it is determined that universities play a rather important role in the processes of formation of innovation ecosystems. The model of the innovation ecosystem of the university is represented by scientific research units, such as the research department, research institute, research sector, which include both the units in which research is carried out (scientific departments, laboratories, centers) and scientific and auxiliary structures (departments of scientific and technical information, research support, financial planning, and personnel). During the formation of an innovation ecosystem of the university, it is important to carry out the process of commercialization of innovative ideas. The importance of developing a startups ecosystem in entrepreneurship is proven. The State authorities are obliged to support, stimulate and encourage the development of entrepreneurship both in the country in general and in its regions in particular. The main programs of development and support of entrepreneurial activity at the regional level are analyzed. It is proved that supporting entrepreneurship in Ukraine by creating a favorable climate for the development of entrepreneurship, identifying all the components that stimulate the formation, attraction of new and expansion of existing small and medium-sized businesses is one of the main directions of implementation of the policy of economic development of the State and its regions.

74-82

Authors: Shchurov I. V.

The purpose of the article is the formation of business models of the energy sector of the economy on the basis of neotechnological reproduction. According to the results of the carried out study, we can state that, despite the fact that Ukraine has a strong fuel and energy potential, it lags behind the most economically developed countries in the technological, information, and digital provision. The old model of industrialization, based on the circulation of an increasing number of natural, material and labor resources, must now be changed to meet the requirements of neotechnological reproduction. The article, based on the results of the carried out analysis, defines that the pace of transition to efficient energy use does not keep with the goals declared by international politics. Energy conservation, bioenergy, carbon capture and storage are prime examples of areas where there is significant potential for technological development, still it is unlikely to be realized unless decisive policy actions will lead to the necessary investments. Some significant progress in the development and implementation of new technologies was achieved only where the policy clearly demonstrated the value of technical innovation. The recovery of the national economy is happening at a faster pace than previously expected, though still maintaining some imbalance of supply and demand in the energy market, which, in turn, influences the stability of energy carriers prices. In the future, energy will face many more shocks and periods of turbulence. Therefore, the government faces the difficult task of developing an individual, comprehensive and balanced approach to the development of a national strategy for the development and formation of energy security. The basis of this process will be the desire to ensure national energy security, that is, taking into account both environmental and economic aspects through proper diversification of energy supply sources

89-96

Authors: Nikolaienko S. M.

The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis and generalization of cluster forms of cooperation of dairy industry enterprises, substantiating the expediency of forming a territorial cluster and determining its main participants. The theoretical basis of the research is the basic provisions of economic theory in terms of the forms of contractual relations of the participants of the interaction. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of generalization, systematization, comparison, and classification. As a result of the study, it was established that the goal of forming a territorial cluster is the sustainability of the resource potential of the necessary quantity and quality for the production of dairy products. The way to implement the defined goal is to support the development of peasant farming. Within the framework of the industry cluster, the goal of coordinating the actions of its participants in the dairy market, forming the horizontal integration of production chains creating added value, is implemented. The purpose of creating an innovation cluster is to ensure innovative leadership on the market and implement the import substitution policy. A sign of an agro-industrial cluster is the formation of complete closed cycles of dairy production, while the goal consists in comprehensive management of production and sales risks. The specified differences in the purposes of forming clusters determine the differences in the tasks implemented by the cluster, its structure, the system of interconnections, performance evaluation indicators, etc. Taking into account the set goal, the structure of the cluster is formed. The structure of the territorial cluster formed with the participation of dairy industry enterprises, farms, transport organizations, logistics structures, and banks will ensure economic, social, and regional effectiveness. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the formed structure and aggregated functions of the participants of the territorial cluster. The social consequences of the study are related to the possibilities of growth in the number of business entities and the level of employment in the region where the cluster is located. The originality of the research results lies in identifying differences in the purposes of cluster formation, the system of relationships, performance evaluation indicators, and the identification of prerequisites for creating a territorial cluster. Prospects for further research include the development of a methodology for assessing the level of balance in the implementation of the economic interests of all cluster participants.

108-113

Authors: Zhukovska V. M.

The article analyzes the essence and factors influencing the labor security and health of staff in the process of work. The factors of danger to the health of workers in conditions of war are determined. The purpose of the article is a theoretical generalization of approaches to the use of analytical instruments in the formation of key HR tasks at the stages of project management in the field of labor security of staff in the enterprise. The methodological basis for the implementation of a HR project are formulated; attention is paid to the upgrade by companies of mandatory regulatory and legal regulations in the field of labor protection and arrangement of workplaces. A characterization of factors influencing health in the process of professional activity of workers in the wartime is presented. A checklist is proposed in the context of the functional tasks of HR managers at the stages of project management for the security and health of employees in the workplace. Among the key tasks of a HR manager in project management, the following components are outlined: goals and indicators of efficiency and implementation of the project are formed; the main risks in the event of hazards to staff are identified; probable risks are identified and measures to level the risks of the HR project are formulated; estimated indicators are provided. Emphasis is placed on the communication interaction of staff and the capabilities of the enterprise, which in the first line include: means of operational, remote and emergency communication; organizational regulations on labor protection as the regulatory framework of the project. The indicators and criteria for evaluating the performance of staff in the field of labor protection and fire safety during the implementation of the project are specified. The need for further research to identify the causes of professional and ecological security of personnel of companies is substantiated.

126-131

Authors: Budarin O. S.

The article sets out the substantiations and practical recommendations for assessing the efficiency of industrial enterprises. On the example of assessing the efficiency of business entities of the public sector of the economy by type of economic activity in 2021, which is recommended to be calculated on the basis of applying the mathematical method of constructing an integral taxonomic indicator of development, and evaluating the efficiency of business entities of the public sector of the economy in the regional context, the advantages of its implementation technology have been justified. It is noted that in areas where there is a low level of efficiency of business entities in the public sector of the economy, it is necessary to develop programs that would systematically solve the problems of efficiency and its management. To develop these programs, the necessary step is to improve the information support for assessing the efficiency of business entities in the public sector of the economy on the basis of filling a single database of electronic reporting of business entities of the public sector of the economy and summarizing, consolidating relevant reports in accordance with the Procedure for submitting reports and information on fiscal risks to the Ministry of Economy. The assessment is recommended to be methodically implemented according to the following logic of the stages: 1) the formation of information support for the assessment in the form of a system of indicators, which has an official accounting basis; 2) selection of an analytical method for developing an integral indicator; 3) comparison of the achieved levels of values with the planned or regulatory, or reference ones for determining reserves and diagnosing critical situations; 4) determination of the influence of factors of the external and internal environment; 5) development of management measures to ensure the efficiency of activities. This logic of assessment has a scientific basis and is distinguished by objectivity and reliability.

145-151

Authors: Izmailov Y. O., Osmyatchenko V. O., Yegorova I. G., Barytskyi R. O.

The article is aimed at substantiating the influence of computerized information systems for accounting and taxation on the formation of high-quality information in the context of globalization and digitalization of economic relations. It is proved that the formation of the information society involves the subordination of economic growth to the qualitative parameters of social and economic development, since further progress will be determined not so much by the production of goods as by the expanded use of information. It is determined that information is a factor of globalization in the information society, so national strategies for economic development of countries of the world should be built on the specifics and main trends of globalization processes, on the grounds of the conception of sustainable development. It is substantiated that the digital economy consists of three main parts, namely: infrastructure development and support, e-business, and e-commerce. It is noted that for the effective functioning and development of each component of the digital economy, a precise accounting and taxation system is needed, which will provide high-quality, reliable and complete information for making managerial decisions. A list of the main directions of development of digital socioeconomic relations in the conditions of global cooperation is proposed. It is determined that the computerized information system of enterprise management is a set of economic-mathematical methods and models, technical, software, technological instruments and solutions, as well as the availability of specialists for information processing and managerial decision-making. The most popular in Ukraine are the integrated corporate information systems «Parus», «Galaxy», «BAS», SAP R/3 (SAP AG), etc., and the correct choice of the type of information system by an enterprise requires a classification of such systems according to the criterion of complexity of the functions and tasks performed at enterprise. It is proved that the use of computerized information systems in accounting and taxation leads to simplification of administration, ensures the preparation of reliable, understandable and comparable financial and management reporting, aligning internal relations between the departments of accounting, economic, control services and increasing the analytical value of information about the financial and economic activities of the enterprise as a whole and its individual important links in particular. Concerning the system of accounting and taxation, it is proposed to allocate several sections of information about the economic activity of the enterprise, which include accounting, analytical, forecast and management information. Each of these information blocks is sensitive to the influence of a certain group of factors, needs to have a number of problems solved, and has reserves to improve the organizational and quality level. The general algorithm of the automated process of accounting and taxation of any business operations through modeling is constructed. The considered problems of computerization of information systems of accounting and taxation and the proposed recommendations for their solution create a basis for continuing research in the direction of improving the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of economic activity of enterprises in the context of globalization and digitalization of the economy.

161-167

Authors: Sytnyk N. S., Bednarchuk V. V.

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical foundations of budget security, highlight threats and directions for its strengthening, as well as an carry out an indicative analysis of the security situation in the budget sphere of Ukraine. Examining and summarizing the scientific works of many scholars, both economists and theorists, the authors’ own definition of the economic essence of «budget security» is developed. The basic foundations of theoretical identification of budget security of the State are allocated and substantiated. The indicators for assessing the level of budget security are outlined and the input information for their calculation is provided. The input information is analyzed to calculate the indicators of the state of budget security of Ukraine in 2016-2021. Critical and optimal values of indicators are highlighted. A list of indicators for determining the state of budget security of Ukraine in 2016-2021 was put to calculation. As a result, an integral indicator of Ukraine’s budget security was calculated. The level of budget security of Ukraine for 2022-2024 is prognosticated. Threats to ensuring the optimal level of budget security of Ukraine are allocated. It is proved that the main threats to Ukraine’s budget security can be determined by examining the ratio of total payments for servicing and repayment of public debt and the State budget revenues. The key directions of strengthening the budget security of our State have been identified. It is proved that ensuring the budget security of the State is one of the major tasks of implementing the strategic guidelines of the country’s development programs. Prospect for further research in this direction is to determine the degree of influence of business entities and the State institutions on the mechanisms for ensuring budget security. Further study and research of budgetary relations in the field of budget security can lead to the strengthening of traditional budget management.

175-180

Authors: Timoshenko N. M.

The purpose of the article is to study the current status of financial monitoring carried out in the securities market of Ukraine. The article analyzes the activities of the entities of the State-based financial monitoring and primary financial monitoring in the stock market of Ukraine. Their main functions and tasks in the financial monitoring system are distinguished. Based on the carried out research, it is concluded that securities are often used in illegal schemes (withdrawal of assets outside Ukraine, minimization of tax liabilities, tax evasion, etc.) that precede the laundering of criminal income. One of the risky instruments of the financial market was also the purchase and sale of domestic government bonds. On the one hand, this type of securities can be considered one of the most reliable financial instruments due to its high liquidity and wide range of applications. At the same time, the high demand and peculiarities of execution of contracts concluded on the stock exchange for the purchase/sale of domestic government bonds make them attractive in schemes of legalization of illegal income, especially for public figures who must declare their wealth. Considering the nature of reports of violations of securities transactions, it can be concluded that there is a high proportion of possible schemes for legalizing dirty funds. Under martial law, there have been significant changes in the process of identification and verification of clients of the primary financial monitoring entities in order to simplify the purchase of government securities. Thus it is worth noting that the largest share of violations of financial legislation falls on government bonds, which have become available to various categories of investors (including individuals). This fact may contribute to the emergence of new schemes for laundering (legalization) of proceeds from crime. Therefore, the entities of the State-based financial monitoring should develop a system of hedging risks regarding the placement of government bonds among different categories of investors. This is especially true of the over-the-counter market. It is worth noting that this segment of the stock market is under the partial control of the national depository of the NBU. Therefore, it is proposed to create an entity in the securities market that would adopt the functions of controlling and preventing fraudulent and manipulative actions with securities.

186-192

Authors: Rybchuk A. V., Palasevych M. B.

The article analyzes the diverse aspects of determining the economic content of leasing as an integral form of entrepreneurial activity, which includes rental, credit and investment relations. It is noted that in the functional aspect, leasing is an institution that provides technical re-equipment of enterprises and acceleration of scientific-technological progress through direct investments in material and financial forms. It is underlined that leasing has a complex triple basis and contains simultaneously elements of a trade agreement, investment and lease forms of activity, which are closely combined and interact with each other, forming a novel economic and legal form of entrepreneurial activity. At that, the right to use the property is separated from the right to own it. In some cases, after the expiration of the lease term, the lessee’s right to purchase the object and the ownership of it may be provided. It is shown that the functioning of leasing as an independent type of entrepreneurship is based on the possibility of dividing the components of ownership into two constituents – the use of the object (its use in accordance with the purpose and with the aim of generating income) and the right of absolute property of the person. At that, too, leasing is considered as one of the mechanisms for overcoming the crisis in the economy and improving the investment climate. It is substantiated that the further development of the leasing business requires improvement of leasing mechanisms and the further, more complex schemes for fulfilling the agreements, since leasing relations are a special type of financial relations, the specificity of which is that leasing is used, first of all, as a form of investment financing, contributing to an increase in the economic potential of both individual economic entities and the leasing services market in general. A refined definition of leasing as an independent, system-forming, integral, economic and legal form of entrepreneurial activity is proposed, including a whole range of economic relations – investment, credit, rental, and trade.

199-205

Authors: Shyshkovskyi S. V.

In the conditions of permanent changes caused by instability as a result of the war and an increase in the uncertainty of the business environment, the development of enterprises is changing dramatically. The article elaborates an interpretation of the development of enterprise as a process of quantitative, qualitative and structural changes in its state (potential) and functional activity to achieve the established vision and goals (effectiveness), which are determined by an immanent tendency to improve, in conditions of permanent changes in the business environment. The concepts of both innovation and development are considered. The main tendencies in changes in macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine are analyzed. When analyzing the balance of enterprises, it was noted that the rapid deterioration of non-current assets at enterprises is caused by unsatisfactory depreciation of fixed assets. Problems with the sale of products lead to an increase in the share of current assets in the balance of enterprises. The unsatisfactory state of the balance of enterprises leads to a slowdown in the development of industry in Ukraine. The level of wages in industry branches is not the same, differing from the type of activity. The development of the economy and society are in constant interaction and interconnection. The carried out study of domestic practical experience of industrial production indicates a high intellectual and human potential, while the number of enterprises implementing innovations in 2020 amounted to only 14.9% of the total number of industrial enterprises, which is 4 times less than in developed countries. It is determined that the main problems affecting the development of the industrial complex of Ukraine are associated with: insufficient innovative activity of enterprises; loss of established markets for products; technical obsolescence and poor product quality; insufficient internal funding; inefficient use of depreciation funds by enterprises.

212-218

Authors: Kondratenko N. O., Shved A. B.

The article defines modern technologies for managing the innovative potential of industrial enterprises and the conditions for their use. It is noted that the current state of innovation activity in Ukraine is unsatisfactory. It is characterized by a small proportion of innovative products in the total volume of the product output by domestic manufacturers; inability of enterprise management to adapt to the volatile external environment and the consequences of the global financial crisis. For Ukraine, the main problem in the innovation sphere is the rejection by many industrial enterprises of changes and «rules of the game» in the modern business environment. It is found out that in order to solve the issues of improving the efficiency of management of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises of Ukraine, it is necessary to use a complex of progressive technologies of general management, which will positively affect the innovative sphere of activity of any economic entity. It is noted that the tasks that are solved by modern technologies for managing the innovative potential of industrial enterprises should take into account: availability, quantity and quality of resources; market condition; competitive environment; technological level of the enterprise. In particular, the tasks are determined for the long and short term, where the criteria and parameters for managing innovative processes at an industrial enterprise are established. It is concluded that one of the important conditions for the effective management of the innovative potential of industrial enterprises in Ukraine is the use of modern management technologies, which are based on five approaches: target, process, functional, resource, and competitive. The proposed methodological approach to determining the reserves for improving the efficiency of innovation activities of an industrial enterprise makes it possible to assert that the calculation of efficiency indicators of innovation activity should be carried out on the basis of the actual results of the enterprise’s activities at regular time intervals.

225-230

Authors: Bannikov V. B.

Foresight, as one of the most effective tools of strategic management, logically fits into the system of strategizing, which determines the relevance and actuality of the presented study. The desire to exchange traditions and management practices, along with consideration of scale, also contribute to the development of strategic management, in particular, foresight management. The purpose of the publication is to identify the essence of the available foresight studies and the possibilities of introducing their results in practice, in particular at the enterprises of the ICT industry. To achieve the purpose, general and special methods were used, such as methods of system analysis, analysis and synthesis, empirical methods of comparison and generalization, case method. The task is set as follows: studying the practice of application of foresight methodology in the ICT industry. The article considers the content and features of foresight as a tool of strategic management of enterprise development used to ensure their competitiveness. The purpose of the practical application of foresight is the implementation of strategic long-term forecasting, which is formed on the basis of expert opinions, analyses of factors, identification of stakeholders, displaying alternative trends in the development of enterprise, allowing to form development scenarios and implement the chosen strategy. Its main advantage consists in the maintenance of the provision of competitive advantages for a long time. Standard methods can also be used when conducting a foresight, the best practices and achievements of other enterprises can be implemented as well. The main steps of foresight management are substantiated. The efficiency and prospects of its application are determined. The positive and negative aspects of the application of foresight methodology in the enterprises’ projects were analyzed. The conclusions and results of the article can be of advantage in the educational-scientific process of the economic faculties of higher educational institutions. It is expedient to transfer them for practical use in the management of enterprises in order to increase their efficiency on an innovative basis.