Business Inform

4-11

Authors: Ivashyna O. F., Ivashyna S. Y., Novikova L. F.

The article analyzes the possibility of creating inclusive development institutions. The authors aim to define certain elements of the institutional environment that directly influence the process of creating inclusive development institutions in Ukraine. Attention is focused on individual social phenomena and processes that are closely related to the economy, affect the processes of modernization of the economy and society. The question of the content and nature of internal institutional transformations, the sociocultural aspect of institutional construction, which has acquired new features, is considered. The results of changes in the sphere of everyday consciousness, in the system of existing culture and values that led to deideologization and transformation of the sociopolitical dominant are reflected. It is proved that the prospects for further transformation of the post-Soviet economy and society are increasingly determined by the transformation of political institutions towards greater pluralism. Changes in the social structure of society that have increased the number of groups capable of influencing sociopolitical relations are defined. It is determined that the emergence and strengthening of interconnections of new types of value layers and subcultures based on heterarchy led to the formation of sociocultural heterogeneity of Ukrainian society and the ability to build cross-cutting channels of social mobility between the top and the basis of the social pyramid, to unite different social groups of society. The role of digitalization and informatization in the processes of sociocultural institutionalization and in the formation of inclusive political and economic development institutions is reflected. A weakening of disintegration processes in the public consciousness as a result of the unification of sociocultural signs is noted. It is determined that the sociocultural unity of society becomes the basis for social development and the formation of the collective identity of the Ukrainian nation.

20-26

Authors: Zelenko O. O., Gutsan T. G., Osmirko I. V.

The purpose of the article is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen energy and the prospects for its development in Ukraine. The advantages of hydrogen, which determine the development of hydrogen energy are allocated: ease of use, infinity of reserves in the environment, energy efficiency. Also, the production of «green» hydrogen is a solution to the problem of excessive energy production by alternative energy and a convenient way to balance electric energy production in the power system of the producing countries. The disadvantages of hydrogen energy include the following: the high cost of producing «green» hydrogen at the present stage of energy development; flammability and danger in contact with air; significant technical problems that arise during the storage and transportation of hydrogen as an energy carrier. The analysis of the plans of developed countries in general and the EU in particular for the development of hydrogen energy and their implementation shows that the policies of national governments and the EU have led to an increase in investment in the industry, an increase in the scale of projects being implemented and a reduction in the cost of equipment for the production of «green» hydrogen. The carried out analysis shows that taking into account high energy prices, cheaper electric energy from renewable energy sources and equipment for hydrogen energy, hydrogen will become competitive in 12 national markets by 2030, and in many other countries – by 2050. The following promising effects for the Ukrainian economy are highlighted: reducing dependence on imports of traditional energy carriers; improving the balance of the country’s energy system; the opportunity to change the role of Ukraine’s gas transmission system for the European energy market; creation of a new export industry with financial and technical support from the EU; creation of a domestic market for «green» hydrogen in the country along with opportunity for new jobs.

36-46

Authors: Bondar-Pіdhurska O. V., Khomenko I. I., Konovalova N. S.

The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical and scientific-methodical foundations of the management of the innovative attractiveness of organizations as an indicator of the effectiveness of corporate relations in situations of wartime and post-war economic development of Ukraine, as well as the development of proposals for increasing its level. The essence and meaning of the "innovative attractiveness of the organization" is revealed from the standpoint of assessing the interests of all stakeholders. The author's interpretation of the category as a set of characteristics of the organization's activity in the process of forming its innovative potential during the implementation of innovative activity determined by existing or available intellectual property objects, taking into account the conditions of the innovation climate, is provided. It is recommended to use the innovative attractiveness of the organization as an indicator of the effectiveness of corporate relations. The system-structural elements of corporate relations are visualized in the context of increasing the level of innovative attractiveness of organizations. The scientific-methodical aspects of the evaluation of the management of innovative attractiveness of organizations, and the possibility of increasing its efficiency in situations of wartime and post-war development due to the use of rights to intellectual property objects, are substantiated. In particular, a mock-up of management evaluation of the innovative attractiveness of organizations has been developed. Intellectual property objects are positioned as the basis of the innovative potential of organizations today. Amendments to Clause 1 of the Law of Ukraine dated April 1, 2022 No. 2174-IX «On the Protection of the Interests of Individuals in the Field of Intellectual Property during the Martial Law Introduced in Connection with the Armed Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine» are recommended, which will allow scientific (budgetary) institutions to submit applications without documents about the payment of fees in terms exceeding 2 months, and keep priority. Prospective directions of research on this issue are highlighted as: 1) development of recommendations on the transformation of marketing communications in the activities of organizations; 2) use of non-traditional tools of marketing communications; 3) improvement of the quality management system of organizations in the context of their harmonization with international standards as a factor in increasing the level of their innovative attractiveness; 4) practical implementation of the methodology of the management evaluation method of innovative attractiveness of organizations in situations of wartime and post-war development.

60-66

Authors: Matiuk Т. V., Poluiaktova O. V.

The article defines the essence of the concept of «investment» and the features of the formation of investment attractiveness. The concept of «investment attractiveness» is analyzed. It is noted that the formation of the investment attractiveness of the country is influenced by immense number of factors. The following factors are taken into account: political, geographical, historical, cultural, legal, socioeconomic, organizational, financial, dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, the presence or absence of natural resources, the demographic situation, the level of development of the legislative framework, fiscal policy, transparency and stability of the economic system. A number of financial and economic prerequisites that determine the possibility and efficiency of investment are identified. It is substantiated that although measures are constantly being taken in Ukraine to improve the investment climate, negative assessments of experts and scientists indicate the imperfection of the existing system, which leads to a shortage of investment assets. It is noted that one of the most important conditions for the country’s economic growth is the process of attracting investments, which requires a favorable investment climate in the State. The negative tendency of investment revenues to the country is caused by insufficient development of factors that form the investment climate. The basic principles of government stimulation of investment attractiveness of the country are examined. It is noted that at the current stage of economic development, the issue of increasing the efficiency of the investment process in the country remains relevant for Ukraine. Unfortunately, at the moment there are many reasons for the insufficient investment attractiveness of our country. It is said that the policy of the Ukrainian government should be aimed at creating a clear and real strategy for the socioeconomic development of the country, based on an analysis of the real economic situation and the resources available in the country

75-80

Authors: Kyshakevych B. Y., Migulka О. О.

The article proposes a method for assessing the efficiency of leasing operations in the case of an annuity scheme for calculating leasing payments, which is based on comparing leasing with loan that is close in terms of economic essence to the method of financing real investments. This approach is often used by leasing companies and other participants in the leasing market in the United States when assessing the efficiency of leasing agreements. In the development of mathematical instrumentarium, the authors took into account the peculiarities of taxation and the functioning of all parties to leasing contracts in Ukraine and the current legislative and other regulatory documents in this area. This approach to assessing the efficiency of a leasing agreement is based on the fact that two cash flows, payments on which occur at different points in time, will be considered equivalent if their current values (or accrued amounts) calculated at the same discount rates turn out to be equal. In determining the discounted value of cash flows under the leasing agreement, it was taken into account that leasing payments, in addition to the minimum rental payments, also include the cost of services payable to the lessor, taxes and unforeseen leasing payments. Thus, if the present value of the company’s cash flows during leasing is greater than the present value of the cash flows of the same enterprise taking a loan, then it can be stated that the purchase of equipment through credit borrowings will be more profitable for the enterprise. Conversely, if the present value of the company’s cash flows during leasing is less than the present value of the cash flows of the same enterprise taking a loan, then the cost of equipment obtained through leasing will be lower compared to the purchase through loaning, and therefore it is more expedient for the enterprise to stick with the leasing agreement.

87-94

Authors: Kazanovsky A. A., Miroshnychenko I. I.

Given the current challenges of exogenous and endogenous nature, the key task for the national economy of Ukraine is to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian small and medium-sized busines. A separate heavy burden is imposed by Russian armed aggression, which leads to the destruction of the production base of the national economy of Ukraine and the established ties between economic agents. The urgent need in this context is to develop the production capabilities of Ukrainian small and medium-sized businesses, in particular through the construction of a system of production outsourcing companies. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the development of the system of production outsourcing companies and the formulation of the methodological grounds for its formation and functioning in Ukraine. The article describes the problems of work of Ukrainian small and medium-sized businesses in the context of their limited production capabilities. The problems of ensuring an adequate and balanced system of production outsourcing are allocated. The analysis of the prerequisites for the development of the system of production outsourcing companies in Ukraine was carried out. It is proposed to evolve the production outsourcing capabilities in the cluster paradigm. The key role of the cluster of production outsourcing companies in stimulating the economic development at the macro and macro levels is substantiated. The methodology of function of the cluster of production outsourcing companies is outlined. Potential ways of financing the cluster’s business model, consisting of various sources of funding from private and institutional investors, are proposed. A number of signs have been formulated that determine the degree of the company’s need for production outsourcing. The factors of making a managerial decision on the use of production outsourcing as a solution to business and operational problems are allocated. Prospects for future research are further study of the features of the business model of the cluster of production outsourcing companies and the formulation of the most appropriate format for Ukrainian realities. An additional direction of future research is the aligning of the regulatory framework of the cluster of production outsourcing companies in Ukraine in order to bring in conformity with the legislation of the EU countries and the best international practices.

102-107

Authors: Nakonechna N. V., Hradyuk N. M.

The importance of ensuring the competitiveness of the regions in solving the problems of strengthening foreign integration development on the part of the State is substantiated. The necessity of deepening Ukraine’s European integration in the context of countering external hybrid aggression and internal instability is emphasized. The threats that have long hindered both the socioeconomic development of the regions of Ukraine and their competitiveness and the country as a whole have been identified. We have to deal with structural disproportions and deformations of the regional economy, lack of stable and effective interregional economic ties, low efficiency of the institutional regional economic management system, regional asymmetry of interbudgetary relations, significant regional differentiation of the economy, import and export dependence of the regional economy, low quality of strategic programming of the regional economy. It is proved that the success of overcoming obstacles and threats is due to the formation of an internal institutional system, which should contain program documents. According to this, an urgent need to develop a National Strategy for ensuring the competitiveness of the State and its regions is specified. It is determined that at the regional level, the development and implementation by public administration and local self-government bodies of instruments to ensure increasing the level of competitiveness of regions should be recognized as key principles of the State policy. It is concluded that integral instruments for the implementation of the State policy to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian regions in the context of strengthening national European integration development should be considered the following: structural reforms and institutional changes in the socioeconomic development of region; creating a favorable regional investment climate; implementation of innovation policy (increasing the role of the regional component in the National Innovation System); ensuring budget and financial self-sufficiency of regions and decentralization of their financial competencies; improvement of regional economic policy; development of the export-import potential of territories.

117-126

Authors: Mykhailenko D. H., Pavlovska I. G., Shavlak M. A., Yeremieiev O. V.

As result of Russia’s military aggression, Ukraine’s direct losses amount to more than $ 108 billion. Ensuring the economic growth of our State in the post-war period with the limitation of the main factors of production leads to the actualization of the issues of using the innovative potential of each region. Such a vector of development will strengthen the existing positions of each region by attracting investments to restore the economy and implement innovative projects, which in turn will ensure regional attractiveness. At this, the results of investment and innovation activities of both local economic entities and foreign companies, the effectiveness of reforming local self-government, and the territorial organization of power are of particular importance. The purpose of the article is to explore the theoretical aspects of the formation of the mechanism for innovative development of the regions of Ukraine. The publication defines the prerequisites and special features of the construction of such a mechanism, develops a scheme of interaction of its main elements: the State, regions, business, finance, educational and scientific sectors. The structure of the mechanism for innovative development of the regions of Ukraine is examined, the basic principles and methods of its formation are allocated. Characterizing such basic components of the mechanism as organizational-managerial, institutional, economic, financial, scientific, technical and technological, showed the importance and significance of each separate component, as well as the need for their harmonious joint manifestation for an effective innovative development. The main conditions for the development of innovations in the regions are defined and their relationship with the components of innovative development of the regions is established. The importance of forming a mechanism for innovative development of regions as an effective direction of ensuring competitiveness and economic growth of both the regions and the country as a whole is justified.

135-145

Authors: Petrenko O. I., Yurchenko M. A

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of activity of the shipbuilding industry in Ukraine and the world. In the carried out study, the authors considered the structure of shipbuilding enterprises and organizations in Ukraine. The shipbuilding industry of Ukraine was examined in terms of theoretical and practical aspects, which led to negative conclusions regarding the functional activity of shipyards and ship repair plants. It is determined that most of the plants experienced difficulties even before the onset of the COVID-2019 pandemic and martial law in the country. Analyzing the dynamics of financial results of only a few of the plants for 2019-2021, namely: PJSC «Plant «Kuznya na Rybalskomu», Kyiv Shipbuilding and Ship repair plant (KSSRP), Kherson State Plant «Pallada», Mykolaiv Shipyard «Ocean», it can be stated that over the years there is a tendency of reducing the net income from the sale of goods and services. This situation should encourage the search for new opportunities to maximize the final financial result and improve their own position in the competitive environment. Given that shipbuilding and ship repair is a strategic industry of Ukraine’s development, an integrated approach should take place in applying incentives and support measures on the part both the State and the private sector. The ability to continue with the activities of plants on a continuous basis was carried out only through signed contracts with foreign investors. It is noted that thanks to this in single shipyards there was a chance to survive in the market and compete for an attempt to meet the trends of the world and European markets. Of course, this does not apply to «NIBULON» Shipyard, which is a leader in the development of modern business and economy of Ukraine. It is identified that in 2021 a project of strategy for the development of shipbuilding and ship repair until 2030 was presented, which was developed taking into account the analysis of the activities of international maritime countries that have a comprehensive system of government support. The main goal of this project was to apply such incentives and measures for the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine.

151-158

Authors: Havdei S. V.

The purpose of the article is a statistical analysis of traditional and novel factors of development of the tourism sector of Ukraine. The results of the carried out statistical analysis of traditional factors of development of the tourism sector showed that in Ukraine over the past ten years the demand for tourist services has increased more than 3 times. However, restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 led to a drop in the indicator to the level of 2002. During the study period, the share of outbound tourism increased significantly – from 14% in 2000 to 90% in 2020. According to research by the State Agency for Tourism Development (SATD), the COVID-19 pandemic affected the number of travels of a significant part of Ukrainians. 30% of all respondents, or 52% of those who traveled around Ukraine before, have significantly reduced the number of trips or stopped traveling in Ukraine altogether. However, the main reason for the low involvement of Ukrainians in domestic tourism is, first of all, the lack of funds and financial constraints, and only then – COVID restrictions. Among the criteria of regional factors are the organization, finance, self-government, knowledge and skills. The greatest impact on the regional factor have had the insufficient demand for services of the tourism sector, rising prices for tourist services, a meager share of tourism revenues in GDP, and a significant decrease in tax revenues from the tourism industry because of the hostilities. The analysis of the latest factors includes the resilience of health systems toward the rapid growth in the number of people with COVID-19. The number of patients with COVID-19 in Ukraine as of the end of August 2022 amounted to more than 5 million people, or 12.2% of the total population of Ukraine, of which more than 100 thousand died, i. e., 2.2% of the total population of Ukraine. However, the national vaccination program of Ukrainians has led to a decrease in the number of patients or a mild course of the disease. From the point of view of securitization, there have been changes in safety and health policy on the part of the authorities. To this end, the Ministry of Health has developed various documents for the provision of medical care in case of COVID-19. From a financial point of view, in 2020, the central government’s spending on healthcare has more than doubled. During the pandemic, the global tourism crisis caused the rise of domestic tourism. However, Russia’s military aggression has changed the trajectory of development not only of Ukrainian tourism sector, but also of the entire economy. However, in the post-war period, Ukrainians have every chance and obligation to qualitatively rebuild the country and the tourism sector in particular – for the future.

166-172

Authors: Patynska-Popeta M. M., Abramova I. V.

The purpose of the article is a theoretical-methodological substantiation along with development of practical recommendations for improving existing and developing innovative approaches to managing the financial potential of territorial communities on the basis of sustainable development, taking into account European experience. Using the methods of scientific synthesis, comparison and systematization, the theoretical-methodological foundations of managing the financial potential of territorial communities on the basis of sustainable development and European integration are summarized. To develop ways to improve the efficiency of managing the financial potential of the development of territorial communities, taking into account European experience, abstract-logical and statistical-economic methods of scientific research were used. The article proves that the decentralization reform contributed to changing the system of organization of local authorities through the creation of amalgamated territorial communities, which received a wider range of powers in making managerial decisions, as well as additional sources of formation of financial resources. It is defined that the key among them are the budget, investment, credit, and grant ones. The experience of the European Union countries has shown that the application of an integrated approach to achieve the goals of sustainable development of territorial communities by promoting creation of jobs, research and innovation in the field of infrastructural development of territories, cooperation between cities and villages, implementation of technical assistance measures is also relevant for our domestic realities. An important aspect of managing the financial resources of the EU Member States is the targeted nature of the use of funds and the availability of an effective system of financial management on the ground. Based on the experience of the EU Member States, key goals, principles and levers of managing the financial potential of territorial communities are formulated, focused on the optimal formation, distribution and use of their financial resources, as well as on the adoption of a set of interrelated decisions that will contribute to their sustainable development.