Business Inform

13-18

Authors: Frolova L. V., Koryavchenkova T. V.

The article brings out the problems of unjustified equalization and fragmentary formalization of such definitions as «creative economy», «creative industries», «cultural industries», «creative product», «product of creativity». Based on retrospective analysis, it is argued that cultural industries are part of the creative industries and, correspondingly, the use of these concepts as synonyms in the economic scientific field be incorrect. On the basis of comparative analysis, the fundamental difference between enterprises of various types of economic activity in the creative economy and enterprises of creative industries was identified, which is determined by the results of creative process. It is substantiated that in the former case such a result is the product of creativity, which is a combination of creative ideas and non-standard solutions that ensure the achievement of the desired results of the enterprise in dynamic business environment and/or represents the final market product. The result of creative process in the field of kindred industries is a creative product – a specific symbolic and semantic ware, characterized not only by its economic, but also its socio-cultural value, which includes some socially significant content, is determined by the current conditions of socio-economic reality. The proposed authors’ definition of creative industries is, according to the results of the research, a sphere (type) of entrepreneurial activity based on the intellectual and creative abilities of economic interaction entities as to creation and offer of a creative product that meets the socio-cultural needs of consumers.

26-34

Authors: Shaikan A. V., Purii H. V., Bahashova N. V.

The purpose of the article is to study the evolution of globalization of the world economy, estimate the consequences of strengthening the regional orientation as a result of slowbalization (slowing down the growth rate of the economy) and substantiate the measures to mitigate the consequences. As a result of the study, the stages of globalization are distinguished on the basis of world indices of open trade, which are: industrialization, interwar period, post-war period, liberalization and slowbalization. The dynamics of the worldwide GDP growth rate is studied and the onset of slowing down (or slowbalization) of the world economic system is substantiated. The problems of globalization are defined and factors of development of slowbalization are outlined. The peculiarities of the transformation of the global space are distinguished and it is substantiated that slowbalization can lead to strengthening of regional ties within economic systems. An analysis of regional slowbalization of economic systems was carried out, a detailing of de-globalization in China, Europe and Central Asia was considered, the impact of slowbalization on the economic development of the regions of Ukraine was determined. It is substantiated that the growth of socio-economic inequality of regions, which directly affects the level of socio-political stability, acts as a limiter of economic growth. It is determined that the State investments for the implementation of large-scale projects in Ukraine will ensure the development of the national economic system in harsh conditions of slowbalization. It is noted that in order to mitigate the negative consequences of slowbalization in order to develop economic systems, it is necessary to ensure consolidation of all sectors of the economy with a simultaneous focus on the specialization of the economic system. Prospects for further research in this direction are to define the priority intraregional flows in Ukraine in the context of slowbalization and to develop appropriate industrial and investment policies for the development of regions in order to their further economic development.

42-48

Authors: Ushakova N. G., Pominova I. I.

The article is aimed at analyzing changes in the geographical structure of Ukrainian exports in the context of increasing risks of uncertainty in the development of the global economy. The current global economy is a system where uncertainty has become one of its most important characteristics, requiring each country to find the optimal structure of foreign trade. The geographical structure of Ukraine’s exports is determined by its economic, geographical and transport-geographical position, specialization of the economy, which constitutes the basis of its export potential, established historically formed cooperation relations, position in the established markets of products sales, etc. The need to find the optimal geographical structure of Ukrainian foreign trade is caused by a negative balance of Ukraine’s trade balance; continuation of Russia’s military and trade aggression; lack of positive changes in the commodity structure of Ukrainian exports to the EU countries; increasing risks of uncertainty in the global economy as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; decrease in revenues from export operations due to changes in the global market conditions. Currently, the markets of Asia and the Middle East are considered to be promising vectors of expansion of the geography of Ukrainian exports. The combination of economic and political aspects of foreign economic policy in expanding or reorienting the geographical structure of exports requires the search not only for the most profitable, but also, at the same time, long-term development prospects. Rising risks of global development uncertainty require an ongoing update of the sales expansion strategy. The condition for potential economic efficiency growth is not a simple increase in the number of trading partners, but a clearly defined direction of changes in the export policy of the State. Precisely these issues will be concern of the further research.

58-66

Authors: Pasichnyi M. D., Novytska N. V.

The article is aimed at systematizing the foreign experience in the development of the mechanism for administration of excise tax on tobacco products, taking into account the institutional peculiarities of fiscal policy. Further changes in the excise taxation system should take into consideration both the domestic retrospective experience and the empirical experience of other countries. The article discusses the system of licensing for the production, import and export of tobacco products and production equipment, as well as wholesale and retail trade in these products. The European experience of licensing of retail trade in tobacco products is researched. Licensing should be considered as a potential source of budget revenues, as well as an additional tool for ensuring the implementation of other provisions on the organization of the activities of the places for selling excisable goods. The expediency of adaptation of the experience of countries with an emergent economy as to the use of video surveillance systems in tax warehouses is substantiated. The architecture of the video surveillance system must be coordinated with fiscal authorities, which can determinate and verify its functionality and efficiency. The approaches to interaction between fiscal and law enforcement bodies in the sphere of counteraction to illegal trade in tobacco products are generalized. Coordination of customs authorities and special investigation units is a key element in the successful counteraction to the illegal trade in tobacco products. The peculiarities of functional powers of regulatory authorities in the sphere of counteraction to the illegal tobacco market in Germany, Italy and Lithuania are determined. The specifics of cross-border cooperation between the EU Member States and European institutions on countering the cigarette and raw tobacco material smuggling are studied.

72-84

Authors: Romanovska Y. A.

The assessment of the urban socio-economic security is one of the understudied issues of the economic safetyology, there isn’t a generally accepted assessment methodology, the approaches to evaluation, upon which the quality of assessments largely depends, have not been definitively evolved. The premise of the carried out research is the findings of analysis of existing approaches to evaluating objects in the economic safetyology, which has been done to identify the validity of these approaches or their elements as to urban socio-economic security assessment. Modeling has been widespread in assessing the economic or socio-economic security of objects in the economic safetyology. But the main problem in such modeling is the locality of models, their partial nature, the inability to become a general model, to be appropriate under any market conditions and for any time for the objects corresponding to at least one level (macro-, meso-, micro-levels). In assessing the economic or socio-economic security of objects in the economic safetyology, approaches to assessing socio-economic security often interact, are used jointly, intersect, which makes it difficult to choose a particular approach for assessment. The results of the analysis of approaches to assessing economic or socio-economic security of the objects of the economic safetyology provide the basis for particular conclusions and generalizations as well as defining the prerequisites for developing a comprehensive approach to assessing the socio-economic security of urban areas. This approach should be formed by borrowing certain elements from the approaches analyzed: conceptions of structural functionalism of T. Parsons; the constructs, through which the content of the category of «urban socio-economic security» is disclosed; cross-factor analysis and technology of building economic barometers.

90-96

Authors: Dymchenko O. V., Yesina V. O., Rudachenko O. O., Tararuiev I. O.

The article is aimed at substantiating the practical recommendations for defining the amount of financing for innovative economic development by type of economic activity of economic entities. The article analyzes actual works on the chosen topic and formulates a conclusion on the need for scientific recommendations on defining the amount of the State financing for the innovative development of economic entities. Based on the analysis of official statistical information, the publication calculates the indicators reflecting the innovative activity of enterprises, the efficiency of their innovation activities, the introduction of new products and their interaction with European partners. To ensure the correctness of the comparison of computed indicators, the article determines the indices, which represent the ratio of indicators and their average values for Ukraine. Based on the generalization of indices, the integral indicator of financing the innovations is determined. The results of ranking the types of economic activity, depending on the values of this indicator, allows to determine that the most promising of them are the mining and processing industry. According to the results of the application of the integral indicator of financing innovations as a base for the distribution of the State funds, the article defines structural indicators for calculating the absolute value of the State-owned funds directed towards the innovative economic development by types of economic activity. A promising direction of research is the formulation of recommendations for assessing the innovative potential of the economy, subject to the addition of official data describing the innovative activities in Ukraine.

105-111

Authors: Azizova K. M.

The article is aimed at theoretical substantiating the essence features of marketing innovations in educational activities, defining their features in the current conditions and identifying their characteristics. It is proved that marketing innovations play an important role in the development of educational activities of a university. The introduction of an innovative product or service into the university’s activities allows to make the latter more successful. The use of modern research methodologies, the involvement of stakeholders will ensure the development of the university’s entrepreneurial activity, increase its competitiveness in the educational services market. In order to determine the essence of marketing innovations in educational activities and its manifestation in the educational services market, the article analyzes its constituent elements: actors of marketing relations and the functions of these entities in the market; scope, goals and objects of marketing of innovations in educational activities; principles, instruments and peculiarities of implementation. It is proved that the marketing of innovations in educational activities should be understood as a management conception focused on the effective use of the university’s potential and resources to satisfy consumers and make a profit by developing and implementing innovations. It is defined that the main task of marketing innovations is: determining the ways and actions to ensure that innovative products as ware represent value and usefulness for potential consumers, informing consumers about this, and ensuring the availability of ware. Solving these tasks is provided by using the following marketing methods: research of the market and the needs of potential consumers; search for possible applications of an innovative product; organization of its promotion to the market; use of pricing methods, along with various forms and methods of sale. The use of marketing orientation when introducing innovations in educational activities involves continuous analyzing the needs of consumers of educational services, determining the structure of consumer motives, researching their reactions to a new or updated service, and constantly monitoring both the existing and the potential opportunities of the university. Therefore, the prospects for further research in this direction are the definition of directions and instruments for monitoring the innovation and marketing activities of the university.

119-130

Authors: Liashenko V. I., Pidorycheva I. Y., Trushkina N. V.

The purpose of this research is to define and summarize the competent opinion of representatives of both the academic science and the higher education of Ukraine as to the level of involvement, opportunities, prospects and forms of expanding the presence of Ukrainian scientific institutions together with higher education institutions in the EU research and educational spaces, substantiating on this basis proposals for finalization of international agreements and legislation of Ukraine to increase the effectiveness of European integration processes in the educational and scientific spheres. The expert survey method was used as an instrument for identifying the opinions of representatives of the Ukrainian scientific and educational expert community. The general conclusion that can be drawn from the survey results is that Ukrainian higher education institutions and academic research institutions are interested, have successful experience and potential to expand educational, scientific and scientific-technical cooperation with the EU universities and research organizations. It was found that most experts support the idea of creating branches and representative offices of scientific institutions as well as institutions of higher education of Ukraine at research organizations and universities of the EU Member States. Based on the results of the survey, in order to form favorable institutional conditions for the further integration of Ukraine into the EU research and educational spaces, it is proposed to amend the Association Agreement with the EU, the laws of Ukraine «On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities», «On Higher Education» in terms of assigning rights to the scientific institutions of the NAS of Ukraine, the national branches of academies of sciences, regional scientific centers of the NAS of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, higher education institutions of Ukraine to establish branches/representative offices at research organizations and universities of the EU Member States. Prospects for further research are to substantiate organizational and institutional proposals to increase the level of involvement of Ukrainian organizations and enterprises in the EU research and educational spaces according to the strategic priority areas of educational and scientific-technical cooperation, based on the global challenges, potential and achievements of Ukrainian education and science systems.

144-153

Authors: Prymostka L. O., Sokolovska N. S.

In modern conditions of implementing banking activity under the influence of rapid technologization, the worldwide globalization and transformation processes, there is a significant vulnerability to risks. The risks that banks are exposed to during their activities can be divided into those that are subject to quantitative measurement (assessment) and those that cannot be quantified. Among all banking risks, operational risk has the greatest unpredictability and destructive nature of influence on the bank, able of instantly jeopardizing as the bank’s activities so its functioning. Operational risk is one of the risks that are inherent in quantitative measurement (assessment). Measurement (assessment) of the bank’s operational risk is an element of management of such a risk. The impact of operational risk on banking activities is manifested in the amount of economic effect (losses). To assess the economic effect of the impact of operational risk on banks, a retrospective approach was used as part of the study described in the article. The study on assessment of losses from operational risk was carried out on the basis of analysis of statistical data on the operational risk events in both the worldwide and the domestic banking practice for the last 30 years: from 1991 to 2021. Since the norms for maintaining databases of internal and external events of operational risk by the banks of Ukraine are correspondingly applied as mandatory and additional instruments for measuring operational risk since 2018, the authors of the article carry out modeling and analysis of the aforementioned databases of operational risk events on the basis of statistical data on the operational risk events for 2018–2021. As a result of the study, the model of measurement (assessment) of economic effect (losses) of operational risk, taking into account its sources, is specified. The model approbation in practical banking activities will increase efficiency of the operational risk management. A prospect for further research on measurement (assessment) and modeling of operational risk can be the accumulation of data on operational risk events for more annual periods and the construction on their basis of the model of losses from the operational risk of bank.

162-172

Authors: Kalynovskyi A. O., Holomovzyi V. M., Kalynovska N. L., Kalynovska O. R.

The purpose of this article is to examine the possibilities of software products to increase the economic efficiency of maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment – both for airlines and for service organizations, taking into account the corresponding safety requirements. The article defines that the modern market of maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment is extremely competitive and requires the application of special software products. The efficiency of establishing cooperation between all market participants directly depends on the perfection of the software. The software can influence the economic efficiency of airlines and the level of safety of use of aviation equipment. Modern aircraft models also facilitate the introduction of software into the maintenance process, as they contain their own information systems. In general, the development and role of information systems in all types of business is becoming a new reality and has a positive impact on the introduction of information systems in the process of maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment. It is determined that aviation equipment maintenance and renewal is a rather difficult function for automating because of complexity, unpredictability, security and regulation. Replacing the entire maintenance and renewal systems means cleaning up old data and overhauling processes that is not easy on the part of many repair businesses and units. But new generation aircrafts, data management and economic pressures continue to require more powerful IT systems. Thus, enterprises are forced to introduce new approaches to maintenance and renewal of aviation equipment in order to remain competitive.

179-183

Authors: The Theoretical Principles of e-Business Development

The development of e-business is an important component of the development of the national economy. Precisely the active development of the e-business sphere actualizes the issue of conducting new research in this direction. The article is aimed at deepening the theoretical provisions of the functioning and development of e-business within the system of the national economy of the country. The article considers the essence of the category of «e-business» and proposes to treat such a consideration as follows: e-business is economic activity, which is carried out primarily through the use of modern information technologies for gaining profit. The prerequisites for creating an e-business as a type of entrepreneurial activity are also described. The complexity of detailing the types of economic activity, which today can be attributed to e-business, is substantiated. This is based upon the constant expansion of new directions that arise as result of the active use of information technologies by entrepreneurs in their activities. Several types of entrepreneurial activity are distinguished, which should be attributed to the sphere of e-business. For this purpose, the analysis of the approaches available in the scientific literature to distinguish the basic directions of economic activity in the e-business system is carried out. The results of this analysis allowed to determine the following areas of business under research: e-marketing, e-commerce, e-banking, electronic insurance services, online trading, electronic payments, e-consulting, e-education, e-healthcare, e-commerce, e-recruiting, online auctioning, marketplace, electronic logistics. The content of the outlined types of business is also defined. Further research in the field of e-business may be intended for studying the peculiarities of the functioning of certain types of e-business, their interconnection and the basic conditions for ensuring further development.

189-196

Authors: Leshchukh I. V.

In Ukraine, the partnership of regional centers and districts of region has great potential in the context of promoting the development of territories, because its implementation in the long term will allow to overcome the disparity in the level of socio-economic development of territories and increase the viability of region as a whole. However, given that this potential is not fully involved today, it is important to establish a dialogue between the territorial communities of the center and the periphery on the search for opportunities and prospects for joint development. The article proposes a conceptual approach to increasing the center-to-peripheral interaction of the regional center and districts of the region at the present stage of decentralization. It is emphasized that the basic principle of the policy of increasing the center-to-peripheral interaction of regional center and districts of region should be the principle of sustainability (achieving economic, environmental and social balance), and achieving the priorities of sustainable development should be consistent with other principles of effective center-to-peripheral interaction (in particular, parity, inclusivity, efficiency, effectiveness and strategic orientation, innovation, development, social cohesion, resistance, etc.). It is determined (taking into account foreign experience and domestic realities of regional development) that the main directions of interaction of the examined administrative units should be: modernization of infrastructure; creation of tourism and recreational network; development of industry clusters; production of innovations; development of business support infrastructure; digitalization; development of social and civic opportunities. The results of increasing the center-to-peripheral interaction of regional center and districts of region should satisfy three components of the vital activity of hromadas in the region: economic, social, environmental.

205-210

Authors: Ryabev A. A., Salii V. S.

One of the main rapidly developing directions of tourism both in the world and in Ukraine in particular is urban tourism. As centuries ago, so nowadays, the cities are the goal of many travels, and the territorial recreational systems based on them are the most developed ones, which is explained by the high concentration of tourism resources in a conventionally limited space. Despite all this, in the sphere of urban tourism in terms of a territorial recreational system there is an uneven provision of recreational demand for communication with nature due to the insufficient number of natural recreational objects. As a solution to the common problem for recreation and urban tourism, it is proposed to implement a number of measures consistently both at the State level and at the level of local authorities or local self-government bodies, namely: to create conditions under which private and communal enterprises would be interested in the creation and development of natural recreational formations in the form of parks, gardens, squares, embankments. The program for the development of natural recreational spaces in cities – i.e., tourism centers – envisages that private and communal enterprises that will create these natural recreational spaces will carry out reconstructions of the already existing formations and will have the opportunity to engage in such natural recreational formations with commercial activities related to the organization of the provision of recreational services. In addition, it is important to strengthen the State supervision over compliance with the State sanitary rules for planning and development of settlements, because, in terms of landscaping, large cities of Ukraine have long failed to meet the requirements. At this, one considers appropriate to involve scientific and educational institutions related to tourism and recreation in the design of these natural recreational formations, which will allow to implement tourism in the city on not only practical, but also on scientific basis. It is believed that in case of materialization of the proposed program, the city will receive additional centers of attraction for tourists, which, in turn, will have positive consequences for the further development of cities as centers of tourism and recreation.

217-226

Authors: Synytsyna H. A., Fylypenko O. M.

The article is aimed at studying and identifying the problems of human nutrition in the process of its evolution, as well as systematizing theories and scientific views on the needs and functions of nutrition in the context of food security. It is proved that food security of countries is a prerequisite and guarantee of preservation of their sovereignty and independence, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development, formation of both the high level and the high quality of life of the population, reproduction of human capital. The analysis of the state of nutrition of the population of Ukraine indicates the imbalance in the main nutrients and the inconsistency of them with the main principles of rational nutrition. It is determined that human nutritional needs have evolved under the influence of factors of socio-economic and scientific-technological progress. In each ethnic, cultural, religious community, people had their own ideas about the necessary nutrition, which were part of the world-view at a certain time. On the basis of the characterization of food evolution, the theories and conceptions of nutrition are systematized. It is proved that the fundamental changes in the lifestyle and nutrition structure of mankind in the 21st century require further study of theoretical aspects of nutrition, systematization of new approaches to the formation of modern theory of nutrition. The need for qualitatively new approaches to the preparation of diets of the population on the basis of functional food products using natural raw materials of increased nutritional value, dietary supplements, etc. is substantiated.

235-240

Authors: Rudyk V. K.

The efficient functioning of the non-state pension system, which forms the third level of the domestic pension system, is essential for increasing the incomes of citizens of retirement age. The article is aimed at defining the main ways of further development of the non-state pension system in the context of reforming the national pension system, creating favorable conditions for attracting an increasing number of the population to participate in voluntary accumulation pension programs. The article provides an assessment of the status of the non-state pension system in Ukraine, analyzes its main indicators for the last three years. The results of the study showed that today voluntary accumulation pension programs, which form the basis of the system of non-state pension provision, are not popular among the population. The main challenges and factors that hinder its development in our country are determined. The main directions of development of the system of non-state pension provision for the near future are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the expediency of introducing the tax-free voluntary automatic individual savings pension accounts in banks. Among the priorities for improving the functioning of the third level, an important place is to find ways to further develop the non-state pension funds (NSPFs), among which an increase in their reliability is to be highlighted. To assess the reliability of NSPFs as a socio-economic system, it is necessary to analyze such parameters as: presence of public trust in the fund; the fund’s ability to cash payments; financial condition of the fund. It is proved that the improvement of the legislative framework of the third level of the domestic pension system should ensure the protection of property rights and interests of participants in the non-state pension provision, as well as ordering the taxation of participants in the accumulation pension system. An extremely important direction for the further development of the third level of the national pension system is the reduction and optimization of the costs of administering individual pension accounts of participants in the accumulation pension programs.

248-254

Authors: Smokvіna G. A., Moisei A. V.

The article examines the experience of developed countries on the functioning and regulation of the labor market in order to determine the prospects for development in Ukraine. The key indicators of the labor market of Ukraine, USA, EU, China and Canada are analyzed, which include: unemployment rate, unclaimed professions, average salary, employment requirements for foreigners, social package. The reasons for the instability of the labor market in modern conditions are considered, which include: migration, declining birth rates, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a global economic downturn, after which even economically developed countries recover within a year. Another problem of the labor market, which plays a key role in the instability of the labor market of each country – unemployment, which currently has a negative trend due to the pandemic COVID-19. A comparative analysis of the main features of the labor market in developed countries defined priority directions of our country’s development. The identified main driving force in the labor market is labor productivity. The analysis of influence of factors of development of productivity of a labor force of Ukraine is carried out. Taking into consideration the experience of developed countries, priority tasks and directions of regulation of the labor market of our country are defined, which will provide stability of economy, low level of unemployment and competitiveness of the State. Prospects for further research are the deepening of identified issues related to the labor market of our country and further development of this market, as well as the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market solely on the part of qualification and professional trends.

260-267

Authors: Litvinova O. V., Posylkina O. V., Kovalenko S. M., Bratishko Y. S., Lisna A. G.

The purpose of the publication is to analyze and systematize statistical data on the resulting waste (including medical) in Ukraine in the context of COVID-19 and problems of medical waste management. On the basis of the analysis on waste management in Ukraine, a number of problems were identified. There is an increase in the volume of waste every year, including the household waste and low percentage of medical waste, but the association of the latter with COVID-19 be in no doubt of their danger. It is studied that the introduction of modern methods and technologies in the field of household waste management in Ukraine is carried out, but with an increase in waste growth, including medical waste with a high risk of danger, the number of all available systems for the disposal is clearly insufficient. According to the State Sanitary and Anti-Epidemic Standards, medical waste is divided into four categories that have their own requirements for utilization. Waste sorting is an important element in the effectiveness of medical waste management and reducing the level of their danger to the environment. An improved algorithm for sorting medical waste under COVID-19 conditions has been proposed. Introduction of the medical waste management system includes: assessment of waste categories together with the existing practice; selection of waste disposal options; development of a waste management plan; adoption of institutional policies and guidelines; creation of a waste management organization; distribution of human and financial resources; implementation of plans in accordance with the established deadlines, as well as the introduction of a training program, monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement of the system. Solving these problems regarding waste disposal, including medical waste associated with COVID-19, is a socially significant and urgent task for all regions of Ukraine.

275-281

Authors: Olshanskyi O. V., Kramchaninova M. D., Kasatkina M. V.

The content of the article actualizes a number of important issues as to provision of policy in the sphere of supporting innovative entrepreneurship. In the course of their study, the authors note that the socio-economic development of countries is influenced by the degree of innovativeness of the economy. This encourages to consider innovative entrepreneurship as an important resource for the development of innovative processes in the country, and the support of innovative entrepreneurship is considered a key factor in solving the main problems of sustainable socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine. The country has a fairly strong base for scientific and technical developments, a powerful innovation potential, but there are problems with implementation of the latter due to insufficient focus on the formation of an effective innovative policy and the policy of development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which are the main suppliers of innovations in the national innovation system. The results of the study draw attention to the feasibility of integrating innovative policies with the corporate social responsibility development policies and the SME development policies. An integration will allow achieving greater economic return and social benefits through the implementation of a more efficient relationship between the providers of socio-economic development of region on the organization and provision of opportunities for the development of complex regional, interregional and global value-creating networks. This approach also involves taking into account the factors influencing the innovation dynamics with the constant improvement of the system of formation and implementation of the State and regional priorities in the field of regulation of science, investment, innovation, entrepreneurial and socially responsible activities, in accordance with the implementation of the principles of sustainable development.

287-293

Authors: Safonik N. Р., Kovalchuk A. M., Karpenko I. O.

The article is aimed at studying the peculiarities of the formation of the economic potential of enterprise from the perspective of its image in the conditions of adjusting to changes. The article defines that the economic potential of enterprise serves as a basis for making strategic managerial decisions and determines the level of its economic capabilities. Among the structural components of the economic potential of enterprises are highlighted the following: financial, personnel, productive, innovative, investment, informational, managerial, marketing, and infrastructure. It is substantiated that an important role in the process of forming economic potential is played by the image of enterprise, which can be defined as a positive appearance, presenting its competitive advantage and based on the peculiarities of the enterprise’s activities, positive qualities and patterns, formed on the basis of a combination of internal labor relations and the reputation among consumers and partners. The factors of influence on the image components of the enterprise’s potential from the point of view of the main subjects are analyzed. Methodical approaches to quantitative assessment of the enterprise’s image are defined. An indirect assessment of the image of PJSC «UkrNDIAT» is carried out. It is determined that strategic management of the economic potential of development of entrepreneurial entities and the formation of a positive image are important components in achieving an entrepreneurial success. On the basis of the conducted research, ways to improve the level of image of enterprises are outlined, including the following: continuous improvement of the level of competence of employees; application of the best achievements of scientific and technological progress; development of marketing projects taking into account contemporary socio-political realities (environmental, social orientation, charity, etc.). Prospect for further research in this direction is assessment of the investment and innovation potential as one of the structural components of the economic potential of enterprise in the context of modern digitalization tendencies of development.

302-308

Authors: Usherenko S. V., Kharchenko Y. Y.

A topical problem and a sought-after task is the assessment of value of the enterprise’s business and a value-oriented management of this business, which is of particular importance for diagnosing the financial condition of unprofitable enterprises, in particular debtor enterprises, at the stage of their financial sanitation and restoration of solvency. The relevance of application for unprofitable corporate enterprises of a common methodology for assessing the value of business with the help of a system of market multipliers is analyzed, which is then classified into groups, including the following: 1) earnings multipliers: «share price/earnings per share» (P/E), «price/sales – P/S», «value of business/sales» (EV/S), «value of business/profit from operating activities» (EV/Sales margin, valuates the enterprise according to the profitability of its core operations), and EV/EBITDA (estimation of the company’s total profit by all types of activities); 2) balance financial indicators: «value of business/balance value of assets» (EV/BV), «shares price/balance value of share capital» or «share price/balance value of net assets» (P/BV or P/BVE), «value of business/cost of buildings, machines and equipment on the balance sheet», or «value of business/value of non-current assets» (enterprise value/property, plant and equipment – EV/PP&E); «share price/net asset substitution value» (multiplier Q, or Tobin’s Q), «share price/net asset value», or P/NAV); 3) natural multipliers: price/volume of production, price/winning, etc. It is determined that each group of financial multipliers has advantages and disadvantages of its relevance to informativeness, and this must be taken into account when choosing multipliers for value assessment. The correctness of the choice of multipliers depends on the task of assessing the value of the share capital or the value of the business of enterprise in general. It is argued that the assessment of any enterprise or group of enterprises is a separate specific case that requires taking into account the key features of the enterprise activities. Taking into account such features, the correct choice of the multiplier and its modification is the key to obtaining a relevant assessment of the value of the enterprise. It is recommended to use a system from several multipliers for a relevant valuation of the enterprise, as well as apply several approaches to such a valuation. In case of valuation of the enterprise that is in the process of bankruptcy or systematically receives losses, the use of EV/S and EV/BV multipliers appears the most correct. To test the carried out theoretical-methodological analysis of the application of the market multipliers to valuate unprofitable enterprises, their application to valuate five unprofitable Ukrainian mines is presented, which serves as a verification of the recommendations developed in the work.

315-321

Authors: Chernukha T. S., Hovorovska A. V.

It is determined under the conditions of modern development of the world economy there is a steady growth of international trade in goods and services that contain an innovative component and are protected by intellectual property rights. It is argued that this ensures the growth of exports of countries with developed market economies and forms a significant component of the national economies of their countries. The main purpose of this article is to study theoretical and practical aspects of functioning of the world intellectual property market. The main trends and features of development of the market for goods with a geographical indication are analyzed. It is noted that nowadays agricultural products of regional origin, which are in high demand due to their unique and original features, are becoming especially relevant. The growth of significance of certified local products and its influence on business development is determined. The main stages of regional branding of local traditional products are characterized and a mechanism for increasing Ukraine’s competitive position on the world market is proposed. The study analyzed the dynamics of indicators related to the use of industrial property in Ukraine, including geographical indications. As a result of the research the importance of economic functions of intellectual property is substantiated and it is proved that the use of its objects is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of an individual enterprise, organization and the State as a whole. The main focus is on the prospects for development and benefits of production of goods with the geographical indication “Melitopol cherry”. It is established that the wide use of means of individualization promotes creation of a healthy competitive environment in the conditions of market economy development. The advantages of using the geographical indication “Melitopol cherry” for Ukrainian producers are determined.

327-334

Authors: Shushakova I. K., Hryn A. Y., Kolomiiets D. V.

The article is devoted to theoretical and practical issues of evaluating the effectiveness of accounting outsourcing. The purpose of the article is to study methodical approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of the use of accounting outsourcing – a contemporary form of accounting organization at domestic enterprises. The approaches to interpretation of the essence of accounting outsourcing in scientific papers are researched. The authors’ own definition of accounting outsourcing is presented, whereby the form of conduct of accounting is understood, which involves the transfer of certain or all accounting functions and risks to an outsourcer, who will minimize costs and increase competitiveness at a defined price for a certain period of time. The organizational and functional aspects included in the accounting outsourcing are determined. Types of accounting outsourcing are characterized. The theoretical principles of evaluation of the effectiveness of accounting outsourcing in scientific literature are studied. The analysis of practical aspects of evaluating the effectiveness of accounting outsourcing made it possible to identify methodological approaches to such an evaluation. The list of costs borne by the enterprise when introducing the accounting service in the organizational structure of the enterprise is closer defined. The formula for calculating the economic effect of accounting outsourcing is elaborated. An example of calculating the economic effect of accounting outsourcing when deciding on the use of accounting services on the terms of outsourcing is provided. It is determined that the use of the elaborated formula ensures the improvement of the effectiveness of use of accounting outsourcing as a form of accounting organization for newly established, small and medium-sized enterprises and the type of economic activity for external entities.

341-348

Authors: Bedrinets M. D.

The article is aimed at studying the evolutionary development of the financial system of Ukraine. The sustainability of a well-regulated and well-controlled financial system is essential for both domestic and international economic and financial stability. The study examined the development of Ukraine’s financial system, reflected important links between financial stability, financial depth, financial accessibility and the importance of managing the financial system in Ukraine. Problems in financial systems can affect the efficiency of monetary policy, reduce economic downturn, require capital financing and influence the exchange rate, as well as create significant financial costs associated with saving troubled financial institutions. Moreover, with the increasing interrelations between financial institutions, as well as the emergence of financial companies along with more developed financial and trade relations between financial structures in one jurisdiction, it is possible to quickly block the movement of funds across national borders. Prospects for further explorations in this direction are the study of the development of innovative technologies in accordance with changes in the preferences of financial services consumers; distribution of virtual service channels, personalized financial services and mobile solutions; development of open banking and expanding cooperation between traditional financial institutions and FinTech companies, which will facilitate provision of better satisfaction of clients’ needs. Adoption of comprehensive changes to regulations on depository activities, securities, as well as the activities of stock exchanges will give professional stock market participants more opportunities to introduce innovations in the provision of financial services.

357-362

Authors: Petyk L. O., Lopushanskyi R. V., Luka P. V.

The article is concerned with assessing the level of debt security of Ukraine at the present stage of its development. Government debt is an important component of the market economy. It is a significant factor that suspends the development of the country and poses a threat to its financial security. That is why the assessment of the level of debt security and its strengthening is a relevant task. To do this, the authors define the importance of key indicators of the country’s debt security. Each basic indicator is analyzed, the characteristic values of each of them are disclosed in accordance with their limits established by domestic legislation. The impact of each indicator on the financial security of Ukraine is displayed. Based on these indicators, the integral indicator of debt security in recent years is calculated by rationing indicators and adjusting their weight coefficients. It is calculated that today the value of the integral indicator is dangerous, which indicates a threat to the debt security of Ukraine. The main reasons that led to the critical state of the country’s debt security were considered, including: the constant deficit of the State budget, the predominance of short-term borrowing and inefficient government debt management policies. The consequences of the impact of today’s level of debt security on the financial security of Ukraine as a whole are researched. First of all, the most vulnerable consequence for the domestic economy is the lack of funds for investment programs of the socio-economic development of the State. The priority directions of improvement of domestic debt policy to strengthen the debt security of the country by improving the structure of government debt and forming a long-term strategy of national and external borrowings are characterized.

369-375

Authors: Vinnychenko O. V., Matvienko S. S.

The article is concerned with analyzing the current state of development of credit unions and carrying out assessment and structuring of the main reasons that hinder their further development. It is defined that today in the world the most common form of financial cooperatives are credit unions that provide loans to socially vulnerable segments of the population and provide financial support to small business entities, farms, which becomes especially relevant during the pandemic. Information on the volume of activities of credit unions in some countries of the world and in Europe is provided. It is noted that the activities of credit unions in Ukraine are at an unsatisfactory level, as a result of the crisis in credit unions, the quality of loan servicing began to deteriorate. Overdue arose not only for consumer loans, but also concerning the loans for business needs. The current situation is analyzed and the main stages of development of credit unions are allocated. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the activities of credit unions and banks, the main advantages and disadvantages in the work of credit unions are allocated. A structural view of the reasons that hinder the development of credit unions is proposed. A model is constructed that allows to propose a sequence of actions, structure existing causes and identify critical ones, namely, imperfection of legislative regulation, presence of institutional restrictions, economic and political instability. It is concluded that at the present stage of development of the system of credit unions in Ukraine, scientific substantiation and legislative regulation of this segment are necessary, taking into account domestic peculiarities and international experience. Credit unions, in turn, should implement the latest technologies and expand the range of services, which will allow to work for a wider audience.

383-388

Authors: Marchenko O. V., Kolodiazhna T. V.

The article is aimed at highlighting the approaches to determining tax planning, as well as studying its role in the system of financial management of economic entities. The publication considers the major characteristics and principles of the implementation of tax planning, the observance of which creates the necessary basis for the effective work of an economic entity. The main stages of the process of implementation of tax planning at the enterprise are presented, on this basis it is concluded on the feasibility of its application at different stages of the life cycle of an economic entity – from establishing to liquidation. In the process of implementing tax planning, it is important not only to predict the result that needs to be achieved, but also to choose the best way to achieve it. Accordingly, the key attention in the publication is paid to the methods of tax planning, including: choice of accounting policy; selection of the place of registration and territorial location; selection of remuneration form; use of deficiencies and gaps in tax legislation; use of tax benefits and exemptions; use of preferential taxation territories; cooperation with preferential counter-parties; maintaining the tax calendar; change in terms of payment of taxes; delegation of tax liability; changes in forms of economic relations; reduction of the tax base; division of economic relations, etc. Depending on the chosen methods, tax planning can cover all financial and economic activities in general, and extend only to a certain part of it, e.g., type of activity, separate agreement or transaction.

395-404

Authors: Poliakov M. J.

The successful experience of Lithuania, Moldova and Poland in the field of taxation of citizens’ income from the sale of self-grown or self-gathered forest products or relevant harvesting activities is analyzed. It is concluded that the improved mechanism of taxation of personal income from the sale of self-grown or self-gathered fruits, berries, grapes, spicy, aromatic and medicinal crops, honey and non-wood forest products in Ukraine should be: 1) as simple as possible; 2) do not foresee radical changes that may destimulate the payment of taxes; 3) be based on the tax exemption of small sales volumes and the application of a low personal income tax rate (hereinafter referred to as PIT) with respect to the remaining income from these activities; 4) be easy to administer, not provide for a significant increase in the administrative burden on payers, which is mainly rural population; 5) minimize the possibility of concealment of the object of taxation. In view of the above, it is proposed: to extend the exemption from taxation of personal income on the basis of a certificate according to the form No. 3DF for the income from the sale of self-gathered fruits of the forest; proceed to the taxation of personal income tax of the rest of citizens’ income from the sale of fruits, berries, grapes, spicy, aromatic and medicinal crops, honey and non-wood forest products at a rate of 5% (without paying a military fee); apply fines in case of detection of concealment of such income from taxation.

411-418

Authors: Rudyk N. V.

The purpose of the research is to form algorithms of independent tax control regarding the absence of tax debt for individual entrepreneurs in Ukraine. The formed algorithms will allow to implement operational self-check, regardless of subjective factors of influence. The need to conduct tax audits for private entrepreneurs in terms of prevention of tax evasion is researched. The taxation systems provided for by the Tax Code of Ukraine (TCU) for private entrepreneurs are presented. The conditions of relevance of different groups of the simplified taxation system in accordance with the latest changes in legislation are detailed. Two algorithms of independent tax control of absence of tax debt in private entrepreneurs are proposed. The first algorithm allows checking the inclusion of individual entrepreneurs in the registry of single tax payers as a key condition for its functioning in accordance with the simplified taxation system. The peculiarities of displaying and updating data in the specified registry are considered. The second algorithm step by step details the actions of a private entrepreneur to check the availability of tax debt through the means of the taxpayer’s electronic cabinet. The practical aspect of the first and second algorithms is based on preventive control of financial literacy and self-certitude of taxpayers. The implementation of algorithms is carried out on the example of an individual entrepreneur on a simplified taxation system, a single tax payer, on the basis of the Taxpayer’s Electronic Cabinet as a key software under quarantine restrictions. The mechanism of work with the specified electronic resource is visualized. The possible directions of work of tax authorities on prevention of violations of tax legislation by a private entrepreneur through the measures of self-control of the latter are considered.

425-439

Authors: Zubkova A. B., Makarenko A. B., Misiunia R. M., Maihurova D. S., Vodiakhina M. O., Ihnatova A. A.

The paper is aimed at studying different pillars for the development of long-term and short-term strategies in the field of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility. The paper underlines the key differences between the concepts of sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, and ecological, social, and corporate governance. The study aims to highlight the key differences between sustainable behavior and mimicry, i.e. masking the results of companies' activity under the global or local trends in corporate social responsibility. The article focuses on studying key systems for measuring the sustainable development level. Therefore, the results of the world's leading companies have been analyzed according to the main ratings of the sustainable development level. The paper presents the empirical study of the activities of the leading Ukrainian companies in sustainable development, compares their results with those of less successful companies, examines the general situation in Ukraine. Despite the relatively high sustainable development level of the leading players in the Ukrainian market, the companies that had a lower position in the sustainability ranking got lower scores by the key components of evaluating the sustainability level. The research emphasizes the complexity of measuring the sustainable development level of enterprises, and also proposes an integrated system for evaluating the sustainable development level of enterprise, based on a combined list of components used by different analytical companies. The expediency of a more detailed monitoring of the Ukrainian companies’ activity, aiming at detecting and counteracting mimicry, is substantiated. The paper proves the necessity to develop a comprehensive measurement system for determining the sustainable development level, which will provide the most accurate evaluation and recommendations for business development.

446-451

Authors: Troyan V. I., Braslavska A. S.

The article considers the concepts of brand, trademark, branding, specified by different authors from management positions; the brand management system and its main elements, initial data and brand functioning strategies are discussed. The variability of the business environment, the high level of competition dictates the need to find new opportunities to adapt entrepreneurial structures to the changes that are taking place. Among the main reasons that encourage companies to optimize business processes, one can allocated the need to reduce production costs; requirements made on the parts of consumers and the State; use of management programs; mergers of enterprises. Due to the significance of such an asset of an enterprise as a brand, its exceptional role in ensuring the competitiveness of the company the application of branding from the standpoint of business processes is an effective instrument that contributes to more efficient use of technologies. It is also one of the most effective marketing technologies that increase the competitiveness of the company, assist in the formation and maintenance of consumer demand and loyalty to the products of companies. The high need for marketing management of brands in the market is determined by their considerable range and intensity of goods turnover, the volume of purchases and maximum dependence on the preferences of the consumer. The dependence of the results of the company’s economic activity on brand management decisions for relatively new market segments appears to be especially high. Currently, companies partially implement brand management procedures such as the formation of brand identity, the construction of its architecture, the development of comprehensive brand promotion programs. At this, the problems of positioning the categories of goods, harmonization of brand management in the channels of movement of goods, taking into account the industry specification in brand management, remain essential.

461-466

Authors: Shumilo O. S., Yevtushenko V. A., Chumak A. V.

The article is aimed at supplementing the theoretical provisions on the essence and role of marketing in crisis management and the formation of anti-crisis strategies, as well as proving the relevance of increasing the efficiency of the marketing activities of enterprise during the current transformations of the external environment. The essence of crisis management as a controlled process of either preventing or overcoming the crisis, which corresponds to the goals of the organization and to the objective tendencies of its development, is determined and the statements in which it is displayed are allocated. The essence of the marketing approach to management is considered, the importance of comprehensive application of marketing instruments for specific products and the market along with the development of a scenario of their interaction in order to overcome the bankruptcy of enterprise are specified. In the cycle of marketing activity, the authors distinguish the stages that are relevant during the crisis management, namely: assessment of marketing and market opportunities of the enterprise; singling out the target markets; development and implementation of marketing complex and marketing programs. It is noted that crisis management is inherently a strategic management, where the end result is represented by the development of a marketing anti-crisis strategy. The stages of formation and implementation of the anti-crisis marketing strategy at the enterprise are presented. The instruments for the implementation of the anti-crisis marketing strategy are named as follows: adaptation of pricing policy as a factor of product competitiveness and maintaining a market position; developments in the field of selling products policy on the formation of the assortment and improving the quality of goods; balancing the volume and structure of production of the actual issue to the forecast in the market; improvement of production distribution policy; use of marketing communications to stimulate consumers, etc. The main factors that determine the efficiency of marketing during crisis management are allocated, including: professionalism of marketers and the administration ability on the part of managers; conducting scientific research and forecasting of general market trends and consumption of products; quality of anti-crisis marketing strategies and a range of marketing activities; control over the implementation of marketing activities, etc. It is noted that in order to implement marketing plans and strategies in the enterprise, it is necessary to create a system where the coordinated work of all levels of the marketing system would take place. The existing problems of the contemporary marketing management are highlighted.

475-482

Authors: Rakhman M. S., Trepaliuk Y. O.

The purpose of the article is to study the sphere of foreign trade in agrarian products using statistical methods and analysis of results; identifying business weaknesses in this sector, prospects and opportunities for the development of the agro-industrial sector in Ukraine. The article considers the essence of marketing research in the field of exports of agro-industrial products. The classification of agricultural products and its impact on the formation and activity of the market of agrarian complex are determined. The main commodity groups of agro-industrial products, the contribution of agriculture to the export activities of Ukraine and the role in the international market are identified. A structural analysis of exported products of the agrarian complex and a dynamic analysis on the basis of the export volumes in recent years are carried out, taking into account the division into commodity groups, according to which the progress of the export agribusiness sphere is determined. A dynamic analysis of the number of economic entities in this sphere is carried out, the factors that affect the attractiveness of the agrarian sector for doing business are defined. The commodity structure of agricultural goods is analyzed, determining the main goods in demand and the perspective directions of trade. The geographical structure of exports of agro-industrial goods is analyzed, indicating the main countries participating in the intensive trade. The impact of the COVID-factor on the development and change of agricultural export volumes is indicated. A SWOT analysis of the sphere is carried out, the main problems and possible ways of their elimination in order to further improve international trade in the field of agrarian complex are identified. A forecast of agricultural exports at the end of 2021 and for 2022 is carried out using the extrapolation method.