Business Inform

15-21

Authors: Ivashyna O. F., Ivashyna S. Y.

The article discusses the problem of conformity of existing macro-economic models to possible changes in the behavior of economic actors, which may affect the micro- and macro-functions used in these models. A historical excursion of the formation of «adaptive» and «rational expectations» in the process of macro-economic regulation is carried out. Several institutional factors that influence its effectiveness and predictability of results are allocated. The possibility of making the right decisions is displayed, if the expectations of economic actors are based on past experience, are constantly checked in the course of economic activity, and the subjective valuations of the future status of markets and prices coincide with the conditional mathematically calculated expectations based on the information currently available. Rational expectations are seen as an addition to the macro-economic theory. They provide greater accuracy to the macro-economic forecasts and grounds for decision-making by economic actors in the process of macro-economic forecasting and regulation. The methodological limitations of the neoclassical model of macro-economic equilibrium are shown and the need for an institutional model of «limited rationality» is proved. The possibility of a realistic assessment of the projected results of macro-economic intervention in the reproductive process is related to the presence in the macro-economic model of behavioral functions, which more accurately reflect the real individual and economic behavior of economic actors. The authors rise the question of the synthesis of new macro-economics and institutionalism to create more realistic models of human behavior, to accurately parameterize future economic conditions and prices in the process of macro-economic regulation.

28-36

Authors: Vyshnevskyi O. S.

The research is aimed at substantiating the reasons and prospects for the development of platform companies from the perspective of the Austrian business cycles theory. The work used the method of ascent from the abstract (model of the economic cycle of the Austrian school) to the specific (the situation that has developed in the United States). The statistical observations, made for the period of 1980-2020 in the United States, do not contradict the Austrian business cycles theory. The rapid development of the leading platform companies in the United States (Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Facebook) allows to assert the revolution of platforms. However, this revolution took place against the background of the continuous credit expansion since the 1980s, which was characterized by a reduction in the interest rate on federal funds to zero values, a continuous growth of the loan portfolio of commercial banks and the US government debt. Continuous credit expansion, on the one hand, has created opportunities to introduce new technologies, create and capitalize platform companies, but, on the other hand, has increased the likelihood of a protracted crisis in the future, as credit expansion creates a contradiction between the transfer of resources to platform companies and the risks of not being able to continue to use these resources effectively in the event of an increase in their cost. Consequently, the prospects for platform companies will depend on their ability to continue their operations relatively efficiently in the face of the end of the credit expansion.

43-55

Authors: Kovtunenko K. V., Kotsaha A. O.

The innovative development in today’s world is one of the most important aspects of ensuring the profitability and competitiveness of business structures. The article is aimed at studying the theoretical foundations of innovative development of business structures upon analysis of scientific approaches and innovation theories. The result of the article is the allocation of the main definitions when determining the essential understanding of «innovative development of enterprise: innovative development of enterprises is considered as: search for novelty, development and introduction of new products and services; an aggregate of relationships that arise from the purposeful improvement of economic efficiency, competitiveness, profitability; methods and ways to meet the needs of consumers; materializing the innovation potential; means of economic growth, operation and ways of improvement of enterprises; overall development of both the enterprises themselves and the economy as a whole; result of scientific and technological progress; process of developing the innovation activities of enterprises and the system of influencing factors. As a result of the retro-perspective analysis, 9 scientific approaches and theories regarding the basic provisions of the innovative development process in the enterprise are allocated. It is defined that the innovative development of enterprises is influenced by: external and internal factors, including the introduction of new developments/ideas/technologies/products; status and competitiveness of an enterprise with innovative activity; government regulatory systems; choosing priorities and ways to implement innovations; distribution of innovation potential; capital investment in innovation activity of business structures, etc.

62-70

Authors: Velychko K. Y., Yaremenko M. O.

To study the processes of educational migration among Ukrainian students, in the article, the features of the process of student migration in Ukraine were analyzed. Factors that significantly influence this process were highlighted, among which the main one is the desire to get a good education because of the higher standards and, most often, to stay after studying in a country, which altogether is negative for Ukraine. It was determined that the main impetus for expanding educational migration was the adoption in 2014 of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", that declared international integration and integration of the national higher education system into the European educational space, as well as an active participation of Ukrainian universities in Erasmus+, Horizon 2020, which formed a segment of Ukrainian international academic mobility. Using scientific methods such as data collection, interpretation of research, and construction of several regression models, it was concluded that Poland, Germany, and the Russian Federation are the centers of attraction of Ukrainian student youth during the study period. It was proved that the factors which contributed to the selection of these countries are linguistic and territorial proximity (Russia, Poland), perception of tradition, culture, as well as the opportunity to study for free (France, Poland). It was also emphasized the importance of the gender aspect of student migration. It was statistically proven that women are more likely to go abroad for tertiary education than men. Using a model of multiple regression, which was not previously used in studies of migration processes, it was found that among the possible factors influencing the variable "exit mobility rate", the development of international tourism had the greatest impact. Necessary migration policy measures on reducing the level of emigration were proposed. Moreover, the importance of solving such a problem as "brain drain" was suggested, which means the emigration of highly qualified professionals, associated with student migration, and has a very negative impact on the formation of scientific potential, and the recommendations to eliminate the negative results of the current situation of "brain drain" in Ukraine were proposed. Furthermore, the mentioned in this article scientific developments can be used in further research on student emigration in Ukraine.

79-86

Authors: Kononov I. I.

The article is aimed at defining the essence and key characteristics of foreign economic activity (FEA) as an object of accounting. Interpretations of the concept of «foreign economic activity» in the legal documents and literary sources are analyzed. The main features of the FEA in Ukraine include the following: FEA is an economic activity; FEA is based on relationships between the economic entities under the jurisdiction of different States; FEA can be carried out both in Ukraine and abroad, both with the crossing of the customs border of Ukraine, and without such crossing. A conceptual model of FEA organization in Ukraine is developed, the components of which are: purpose, form of implementation, functions, principles, basic types and subjects of FEA. It is proved that the accounting features of the FEA operations depend on the types of foreign economic activity. An analysis of the most common FEA operations showed that the movement of money means in them should be classified by the following directions of activity: as the operational foreign economic activity, as the investment foreign economic activity, and as the financial foreign economic activity. It is proposed that the main accounting objects of FEA include: goods and services; currency means, currency operations; financial, credit and settlement operations; workforce; intangible assets. The methodological bases for the formation of information on the foreign economic activity accounting objects are characterized. It is proved that the construction of the information system of the enterprises implementing FEA should start with the modeling of accounting system and the formation of appropriate accounting and analytical support for each FEA accounting object.

94-99

Authors: Atamanchuk Z. A.

The article is aimed at highlighting the current tendencies in the global tourism market, substantiating the specifics of market dynamics in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and finding ways to diversify the tourism product in order to minimize the risks of significant losses of the tourism industry. The article focuses on the problems of a significant downward trend of tourist activity at the present stage caused by the spread of coronavirus around the world, the emergence of a new strain of which (2019-nCoV) was confirmed in December 2019 in Wuhan (China). The experts’ views on the effects of the intense spread of the virus over the world, which can be not only fatal to humans but also harmful to the world economy, especially for the sphere of international tourism, are analyzed. Tendencies in the losses of tourism industry from COVID-19 and large-scale measures to contain it at the level of the world’s regions are defined. The forecasts of a fall in employment in the travel and tourism sector at the regional level are substantiated. The approaches of the governments of some touristic attractive countries of the world to planning the restoration of tourism business in the conditions of lifting the quarantine measures are systematized. The expediency of diversification of the tourism product is substantiated, which takes on a special relevance in the face of modern challenges and threats to the international tourism activities. It is proved that the development of rural tourism is a priority sphere for Ukraine, which allows to solve a number of important problems for the country’s economy: minimize the migration of people from rural areas; provide employment opportunities for rural youth, ethnic minorities; reduce poverty; preserve cultural heritage.

106-111

Authors: Nykonchuk V. M.

The article is aimed at studying the causal interrelationships between the development of intellectual capital and its impact on the systemic foundations of transformational processes in the national economy. The role of intellectual capital in Ukraine’s national economy is considered. The organizational management structure is allocated as a factor influencing the efficiency of the intellectual capital management system. The differentiation of the factors of the external and internal environment is defined. The dynamics of submitted applications and obtained security documents based on the results of scientific-technical developments, carried out at the expense of general and special funds, are analyzed. Prospect for further research in this direction is to study the model and structure of production management, which should be in the skills of innovation, competition and entrepreneurial responses and, as a result, meet the requirements of the market.

117-128

Authors: Pryimakova Y. A.

Specific conditions of Ukraine’s economic development in the conditions of unresolved conflict in the east of the country require constant analysis of the current status of investment and innovation processes, opportunities for introduction, obstacles and development prospects in the conditions of post-conflict reconstruction of the economy. This data can be used to forecast structural changes in the national economy. In making forecasts and developing investment scenarios for different conditions of conflict and post-conflict periods, it is proposed to apply the instrumentarium of economic and mathematical modeling. Based on the results, it is possible to identify existing imbalances that hinder the successful development of investment and innovation processes, as well as to set trends in investment and innovation processes under different scenarios of their development. The specifics of possible investment scenarios in the countries with unresolved armed conflicts on their territory that have overcome barriers to attracting investment are specified. Existing factors of influence on the status of both internal and external investment are presented. Conditions of reducing the risks of investment both in the zone of armed conflict and in the territories controlled by the government are determined. The advantages of raising capital in real assets for the development of the national economy are defined, as opposed to the current tendency of growth of portfolio investments (usually speculative). Prospect for further research is to develop scenarios for the development of investment processes in the country in order to revive business activity, improve the security and sustainability of the country and its regions in the post-conflict economic recovery.

136-144

Authors: Romanchukevych M. Y., Kitseliuk U. M.

The article is aimed at analyzing the socio-economic development of regions taking into account the factors of the unstable macro-economic environment. Monitoring and analysis of indicators of socio-economic development in such conditions is extremely important: it allows to determine the possibility of implementing a national strategy of regional development in the conditions of economic, socio-political instability and tension in the society, increased dynamism of indicators. Upon the directions of the research, key indicators of social and economic instability by the regions of Ukraine are defined. Indicators of social instability include income and expenditure of the population, average monthly wages, levels of unemployment and employment, infrastructure of education and health facilities. Indicators of economic instability include the number of economic entities by type of economic activity, structural statistics on economic entities, the total amount of expenditures by the directions of innovation activities of industrial enterprises. The carried out analysis of the proposed groups of indicators in the regional context showed that there are significant disparities in the development of Ukraine’s regions and the influence of instability factors on this development. Based on the system of indicators, a design of the study of socio-economic development at both the national and regional levels is formed, which will allow timely identification of existing disparities. Taking in account the determined aspects of regional development unevenness, it is suggested that the need for greater use of the opportunities of the State and society to mitigate the disparities of socio-economic development be emphasized. To this end, an analysis of the possibility of implementation of a national strategy of regional development in an unstable environment is carried out.

154-160

Authors: Kyfor M. V.

The article is aimed at studying the evaluation of the irregular distribution of tourist flow and its variability during a year, as well as the division of territories within the country with different seasonality. In the analysis of seasonality in the tourism sector, it is proposed to calculate the index of seasonality of the number of tourists from summer to winter and from autumn to spring, which, respectively, allows to determine the coefficient of variation during the year. It is substantiated that the irregular tourist route is well visible in some regions, where the number of tourists in summer is 3–4 times higher than in winter, and the number of overnight stays is even 5–7 times higher. It is determined that in 2016–2018 in most regions was observed a negative, significant or statistically very significant tendency in the seasonality index of the number of tourists. Taking into account the values of seasonality indices for the number of both domestic and foreign tourists; number of days spent overnight, as well as the variation in the number of tourists per year, in the western regions of Ukraine are allocated four zones with different seasonality of tourist flow: very high (Carpathian zone); high (mountain zone), low (Zakarpattia); middle (Prykarpattia). It is concluded that in the temperate geographical latitudes of Europe, including Ukraine, the seasonality of the tourist movement is a natural phenomenon, mainly due to the variability of weather during the year, which can affect the management of human resources in tourism, profitability of the tourism economy, as well as the demand and supply of services.

169-175

Authors: Topalova I. A.

The article is aimed at researching the ways to introduce the knowledge economy into the regional economy on the basis of logistics. The relevance of the role of regional logistics on the basis of knowledge economy is determined. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the research, the issues of the need to introduce the knowledge economy into the regional economy for self-development and self-sufficiency of the regions are considered. An important role is given to the formation of logistics chains based on the knowledge economy, which ensures expansion of the regional and interregional cooperation. Along with this, the economic result of logistics as a process consists in creation of the added value. The main instruments on which modern business processes are based, taking into account the knowledge economy, are identified. The distinctive features of the knowledge economy are outlined (role of intangible and intellectual resources, knowledge act as a product, knowledge form an innovative product, widespread use of information and communication technologies). The knowledge economy forms a product in the form of new knowledge and the very important process is its introduction into the socio-economic system (region). The author considers impact of the regional and interregional economic relations on implementation of business processes, namely: formation of resources that take part in commodity exchange; reproduced process; producing part of the country’s national income (GDP); self-sufficiency, self-organization, self-development and self-reproduction of regions as socio-economic systems). The functions of e-logistics at the regional level are defined, and measures to introduce new knowledge as a resource into the region’s economy are formed.

183-189

Authors: Demchenko K. I.

The article is aimed at studying the effect of impact of demographic and economic indicators on the status of pension provision in 54 different countries of the world for 2010-2019. In the analysis and generalization of scientific works of domestic and foreign scholars, it was found that much attention is paid to the dynamics of expenditures and incomes of pension funds, but not taken into account (sufficiently) is the specific numerical influence of the factors, which can lead to a reduction or increase in the expenditures and incomes of PF. Therefore, it is important to research the effects of the impact of economic and demographic indicators on the financial status of PF in different countries. Using the regression analysis, the article analyzes the impact of the increase in the coefficient of age dependency, rate of pension contribution, unemployment rate, GDP and other indicators on the dynamics of expenditures and incomes of pension funds of different world countries, applying the least square method. The fixed-effect panel study method and heteroskedatric standard errors are used to check the reliability and sustainability of the results, which are clustered at the country level to account for successive correlations. Results are the average effect of impact for the total number of observations, the aggregate effect for the specified unions and organizations and a separate effect for Ukraine. According to the author, the previous pension reforms were not effective enough, given the status of Ukraine’s pension provision, as some procedure for introducing reform was not followed and the necessary resources were not adequately prepared. Therefore, a phased scheme is proposed to introduce a reform, to improve the status of pension provision, and ensure its socio-economic efficiency.

201-206

Authors: Dmitrenko V. I.

The article is aimed at making proposals to develop a conceptual approach to the organization of audit of economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry, which appears to be possible upon systematizing of scientific works. As a result of the research, the main stages of implementation of a conceptual approach to the organization of audit of economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry are proposed. Taking into account specifics of the construction industry enterprises, the author’s interpretation of the concept of «audit of economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry» is proposed, by which can be understood an aggregate of methods, techniques and instruments for valuating the ability of an economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry to counteract the influence of internal and external threats. On the basis of the systematized tasks of auditing the status of economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry, a verbal-logistic model is developed. It is substantiated that a conceptual approach to the organization of audit of economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry takes into account the requirements of modern legislation and their practice in Ukraine and will assist in neutralizing the threats to activity. Prospect for further research in this direction is development of methodical approaches to auditing the individual components of economic security system of enterprises in the construction industry.

212-218

Authors: Loboda N. O., Chabaniuk O. М., Spodaryk T. I.

The article is concerned with peculiarities of using the outsourcing services in Ukraine. The feasibility of outsourcing some production functions in order to improve the economic situation of the enterprise and obtain additional benefits by concentrating efforts on the most cost-effective business processes is researched. The research is aimed at theoretical-analytical analysis of the problems connected with the status of modern outsourcing, defining the main problems in the service sector, their impact on the activities of enterprises, as well as searching not only for optimal, but also efficient methods of optimizing resources in various spheres of activity. The list of current problems of application of outsourcing as an important factor for increasing the efficiency of modern enterprises is analyzed. The reasons and prerequisites for emerging of outsourcing in the world are disclosed. The world experience of outsourcing is illuminated. Features of the domestic IT outsourcing industry are considered and its condition at the current stage of economic development is defined. The main obstacles, slowing down the processes of active outsourcing in Ukraine’s enterprises are allocated. A number of shortcomings and advantages of applying the outsourcing by modern economic entities is researched. Measures and directions to introduce outsourcing of accounting services in the business structures of our country are proposed. The problems and prospects for development of outsourcing in Ukraine are outlined. The need for the State support in this direction of activity, improvement of the system of control over the activities of outsourcing companies, as well as improvement of domestic legislation in the sphere of outsourcing are proved.

226-232

Authors: Panova I. O.

The article is aimed at researching possible changes in the tourism sector after the end of the pandemic caused by coronavirus. It is noted that even today the countries have begun to take important steps to overcome the emerging problems. The restrictive measures, which have been imposed almost all over the world, and especially the closure of interstate borders, have caused significant damage to the tourism industry. During this period, some airlines were on the verge of bankruptcy, millions of people lost their jobs or had to stop working. Hotels, restaurants, travel companies, shops need immediate government support, due to the financial consequences of the crisis. The budgets of the EU Member States suffered billions in losses. The Committee on Transport and Tourism of the European Parliament has proposed to prepare a special plan to help the tourism business in the near future. Health, safety and protection of guests, employees and business partners should be the most important priorities in each country, regardless of the extent of the damage caused by coronavirus. The need to introduce special certificates, which will ensure that the institutions that received them, fully comply with the highest standards of safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and in the case of coronavirus detection, the guest will be provided with all necessary medical care. After the stabilization of the situation due to the pandemic, people will continue to travel. Places with a safer epidemiological situation will be a priority. In addition, most tourists will seek to make their holiday as cheap as possible, choosing more budget holiday destinations, accommodation and transportation. It is also important that travel companies and related industries take all necessary measures to protect travelers during the entire tour. The stabilization of the tourism sector is directly related to the recovery of the entire economy of the country.

241-246

Authors: Rudakova S. H., Shchetinina L. V., Shevchuk O. V.

The article is aimed at evaluating the feasibility of adoption of the Ukrainian law «On Labor», as well as substantiating the desired approaches to the development of a new Labor Code (or supplementing the effective Code of Labor Laws). As a rule, only practitioners pay attention to the issue of the new legislative document in the sphere of labor, that is, the scholars who study the essence of phenomena and processes are virtually not involved in such an activity. It is not justified to take into account views of practitioners alone, due to their focus on the result and the underestimation of using either comprehensive or systemic approach. There are different approaches to the new basic labor legislation, which can be systematized. Some of «those who care» defend the opinion of adoption of a new legal document, and the main argument is the outdated provisions of the Code of Labor Laws, approved in 1971. Other participants in the discussion believe that the regulation of the socio-labor relations is not worth a separate code, and the format of the law will be sufficient. In their opinion, the relations between employees and employers in the current conditions are individualized, do not require such significant intervention of the State and other subjects of the socio-labor relations, as before. There is also a further opinion that the effective articles of the Code should remain in force, which will provide relatively strong social protection for workers. We consider the last point of view to be appropriate. First, the year the document is not a convincing argument – for example, the U.S. labor law is based on the legislation acts passed between 1935 and 1974 that changed the interpretation of the regulations in accordance with the requirements of practice. Secondly, the adoption of a new legal instrument could lead to undue additional efforts, as well as destroy efficient management technologies and practices.

252-259

Authors: Stoliaruk K. S.

The article raises the actual problem of re-choice of profession in adulthood. The emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the career adaptation skills in a dynamic professional environment and the importance of ensuring a continuous process of professional self-determination at different stages of labor potential development. The turbulence and dynamism of the modern labor market necessitates a constant improvement in the level of one’s own qualification, to develop not only professional skills, but also career competence, which includes: ability to manage one’s own professional life; to maneuver quickly and efficiently in the labor market; to make efficient and quick decisions about the career trajectories; to adapt to changes in the professional sphere; to diagnose career problems; to be able to use the self-coaching techniques; to define one’s own educational orientations, and to have a well-formed professional «self-concept». The focus is on the normality of the phenomenon of changing profession in adulthood, which is not necessarily due to an ill-fated primary professional orientation. The article highlights a complex set of problems that necessitate taking decisions on change of the professional trajectory. The economic, social and personal factors of professional re-orientation in the ever-changing labor market conditions are substantiated. Differences in professional re-orientation and unemployment of managers are defined. The key statistical information on determining the need of the adult population of Ukraine in professional re-orientation is analyzed. The directions for ensuring the efficiency of providing appropriate qualified professional reorientation assistance are identified. A model of career coaching in the analysis of the need for professional re-orientation in adulthood is proposed, based on three levels: individual, corporate and national.

268-274

Authors: Vasylyk A. V., Boichuk N. S., Omelchenko K. S.

It is substantiated that a comprehensive and system approach, with the participation of both the State and the public, is needed to address the impact of gender stereotypes on the professional self-realization. The publication is aimed at a comprehensive studying and analyzing of the gender aspects of the professional self-realization in Ukraine. The article explores the definitions of «gender» and «gender stereotypes», analyzes the modern transformations of the gender factors that affect the professional self-realization. In order to evaluate the impact of gender stereotypes on the possibility of professional self-realization, a sociological study was carried out and the gender stereotypes inherent in Ukrainian society were analyzed. The results of a survey identified manifestations of gender stereotypes and/or discrimination in employment, in job advertisements, in decision-making on career advancement of employees, in labor payment, in the perception of women leaders, in the representation of women in the highest levels of government, etc. An analysis of Ukrainian legislation on equal rights for women and men in the professional sphere is carried out, examples of social and cultural events and initiatives to draw attention to the problems of gender discrimination in Ukraine are provided. It is displayed that so far in both developed countries and Ukraine there are manifestations and consequences of gender stereotypes that hinder the personal and professional self-realization of men and women. Directions to reduce the impact of gender stereotypes and gender discrimination on the possibility of professional self-realization of the individual are proposed. It is substantiated that measures against gender discrimination should be implemented at all levels and in all spheres of public life – from personal, family-based to the State and international, from education and culture to political, social, economic, etc. It is emphasized that educational work, information and educational campaigns, education in school and family, example of parents for children are important.

281-288

Authors: Lutkovska S. M.

The article proves that the transition to sustainable development poses new demands on ecological security, which in the context of the globalization of the world-wide economic space and the internationalization of environmental problems becomes the dominant factor of global security through aggravation of the ecological situation, which requires effective policies to improve it. It is determined that ecological security can be defined as the ability of the «environment – society – economy» system to maintain equilibrium and balance through dynamic renewal and self-improvement, to counter both external and internal threats and challenges, and to provide acceptable levels of risk to the population and the sustainability of socio-economic development, as well as the reproduction of natural and socio-economic potential. It is proved that the process of institutionalization of ecological security take place in several stages: emergence of a need for security, the satisfaction of which depends on joint actions to prevent risks and threats or eliminate consequences (economic, environmental, social, etc.); formation of common goals for achieving security, public norms, in particular legal norms, to ensure the interaction of actors; formation of a system of sanctions and responsibility in order to implement the rules and regulations of conduct of the actors. A component scheme to modernize ecological security is elaborated, which should include several main components, namely, a system of legal, institutional, organizational and financial measures, which, thanks to integrated use, will contribute to the achievement of ecological policy goals and increase its efficiency. The main directions of institutional transformation in the environmental sphere are proposed. It is determined that institutional transformations in the process of modernization of the ecological security sphere are a deliberate process of changing the institutional structure and system of institutions in order to green the economy while maintaining the leading role of the State on the basis of methods that influence the modification of institutions.

295-305

Authors: Kostenko I. S.

The publication takes into consideration the current status of the Ukrainian educational services market, it is focused on the competitive relationship between public and private higher education. The dominant tendencies in the transformation of higher education sphere are shown. A detailed analysis of the mechanism for the formation of a minimum tuition fee for higher education is carried out in the context of the introduction of indicative self-cost. Based on the statistics observations of the distribution of the level of average monthly wages in the regions of Ukraine and the city of Kiev, a comparison of the minimum wage (minimum indicative self-cost) for tuition in the specialty 051 «Economics» (ES «Bachelor», day form of training) with the average cost of education in the same specialty for 2019 is carried out. It is displayed that only in three regions the minimum cost is less than the cost of training under the contractual terms in the specialty 051 «Economics», and for two of these three regions the figures are almost equal. Based on the graphic representation of supply and demand curves for private and public education, the possible consequences of the introduction of indicative self-cost of educational services (training) are presented. It is shown that for three regions the introduction of indicative self-cost in 2020 can have a moderate impact on the redistribution of students studying according to the contractual form in favor of private education. However, for all other regions, and especially for the city of Kiev, there will be significant changes in favor of private education, provided there are licensed places in the private HEI, both the existing ones and the established in 2020.

312-319

Authors: Levkovich O. V., Myronenko I. O.

In the face of a persistent shortage of financial resources, bankruptcy and the liquidation of a large number of enterprises, the problem of ensuring the appropriate condition and management of the enterprise’s non-current assets and finding ways to improve the efficiency of this process is quite urgent. Given this, as well as the importance of assets as a constituent part of the enterprise’s resource potential, there is a need for a detailed analysis of the enterprise’s non-current assets, their technical status, as well as the researching the efficiency of their use. Efficient use of non-current assets is important both for enterprise and for the economy of the country in general, as it leads to a reduction in the need for putting into operation of new production facilities, to an increase in the output volumes of production (and therefore profits), accelerates the turnover of these assets and ultimately helps to reduce the gap in terms of physical and moral wear, accelerates the rate of renewal of fixed assets. When evaluating the efficiency of non-current assets, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of economic management activity, the form of ownership and the strategic purpose of enterprise. The article is aimed at studying the peculiarities of analyzing the non-current assets of enterprise on the example of one of the domestic enterprises. The tendency of changes in the structure and dynamics of the indicators of wear and tear, validity, renewal, disposal and return on total assets is analyzed. According to the results of the study, ways to improve the efficiency of use of the non-current assets of enterprise are proposed.

329-335

Authors: Klunko N. S.

The article examines the process of digitalization as a key trend in the modern socio-economic development of any industry and complex, identifies the features of legal regulation of this process in the Russian Federation, the features of its implementation in relation to the pharmaceutical industry of the RF. The article analyzes the statistical data describing the development of the process of digitalization in the Russian pharmaceutical complex, identifies the main directions of positive impact of this process on the pharmaceutical complex, existing problems of its further development and possible ways of their solution. Digitalization should be perceived as a key trend in the development of the modern pharmaceutical complex, ensuring the improvement of all aspects of the activities of participants in the pharmaceutical complex. At the same time, it is obvious that the process of digitalization in relation to the Russian pharmaceutical industry is at the initial stage of its development. This is evidenced by the characteristics of digital solutions used in the activities of pharmaceutical companies, as well as the percentage of their implementation. As a key method of intensifying the processes of digitalization of the pharmaceutical complex, we should consider the legal methods of regulating all participants in the digital sector of procurement and sales, the specifics of regulating competition in this market as an open procurement market, the Federal laws 44FZ, 223FZ, regulating the rules of bidding in the conditions of digitalization of business processes. According to the author, legal means should be considered as a key method of intensifying the processes of digitalization of the pharmaceutical industry. In this regard, it is necessary to integrate the targets contained in the program «Digital economy of the Russian Federation» into the concept of strategy of development of pharmaceutical industry of the Russian Federation until 2030 and to create in the government program a separate direction of «Digital health care».

342-348

Authors: Spitsyna N. V., Kravtsova S. V.

The article is aimed at studying the nature of internal audit, analyzing the proposed by scholars definitions of the term of «internal audit» and comparing internal and external audits according to the main signs. After studying the various approaches to the definition of «internal audit» there comes an opportunity to give an authors’ interpretation: internal audit is a modern form of independent financial and economic control, which provides a comprehensive assessment of efficiency of the management system, the performance results of economic entity and involves the formation of an opinion on the results of its activities both in general and in terms of the structural units, as well as provides the necessary information to all the management services of the enterprise. When comparing the characteristics of internal and external audits, a conclusion is drawn that the internal audit is designed to solve functional tasks of the management of the organization and to make managerial decisions for an efficient operation of the enterprise. External audits are carried out in accordance with applicable law and are designed to provide reliable information to external users. The determining aspect is not always a clear understanding of the role of internal audit in the management process, which, in turn, leads to the fact that internal audit is implemented only to identify certain shortcomings, cases of falsification, etc. That is why internal audit should become a source of information, help managers and owners to objectively estimate the real situation of the organization and make the right managerial decisions.

356-363

Authors: Zhabynets O. Y.

The article analyzes the main schemes of shadowing the financial flows in the insurance market of Ukraine. In particular, the main indicators of the development of the insurance and reinsurance market of Ukraine for the period 2013-2018 are analyzed; the insurance market is evaluated by the insurant categories and the main types of insurance; peculiarities of the insurance companies’ operations with securities in terms of assets formation and balance transactions involving bills of exchange, as well as the main negative effects of shadowing the financial flows in the insurance market. It is proved that even in difficult economic-political conditions, which are usually accompanied by insolvency of most business structures and the population, insurance companies have not lost their positions and even demonstrated an increase in the main indicators of development, which indicates the involvement of domestic insurers in the implementation of so-called pseudo-insurance operations, which are most often carried out in such crisis periods. It is determined the primary servicing the interests of legal entities by insurers and the predominance of the types of property insurance among the insurance services sold, including financial risks insurance, which are actively used as tax optimization instruments for enterprises in the real sector of the economy. It is proved that insurance companies use domestic incoming reinsurance to reduce their tax liabilities, as well as so-called «technical» securities, including bills of exchange, to withdraw money outside the country or cash them out.

370-374

Authors: Malikov V. V.

One of the main goals of the business is to obtain excess money flow, which can be achieved by daily accounting and control over the receipt and spending of money means. The author considers as the main instrument for proper management of money flows the Money flow information report, which is a table that shows the daily receipt and spending of money means, as well as the balances of money means in bank accounts and the cash registers of enterprise. The Money flow information report solves several problems: showing the amount of revenue, payments and excess money flow; informs on what days the cash gaps have arisen and what measures have been taken to eliminate them; maintains an appropriate level of solvency. With this in mind, it is proposed to allocate such types: preliminary (planned), operational, reporting (actual), analytical and consolidated reports. The compiling of the planned Money flow information report is suggested to be carried out according to the following steps: determining the amount of money balance at the beginning of the month; composing a payment schedule; drawing up a money flow plan based on avoiding cash gaps. The proposed recommendations for the management of the enterprise’s money flows and, in particular, compiling Money flow information reports will allow to avoid cash gaps in practical use, to balance money payments and revenues, as well as to build an effective system of money flow management to achieve the main goal of the enterprise.

381-388

Authors: Polishсhuk V. M.

The article is aimed at disclosing the impact of ecological taxes and dues on the quality of the environment. Aspects of ecologization of the economy through the implementation of ecological taxation are researched. The level and systemacity of the introduction of ecological taxes and dues both in Ukraine and in the group of market economy countries is analyzed. The focus is made on the structural problems of implementing and supporting mechanisms for regulating ecological taxes and dues. The role of ecological taxation as an effective link in the system of greening the production and expanding further opportunities to modernize the modern global economy is defined. It is proved that fiscal policy directly influences the dynamics and speed of transformational transitions. The main directions of implementation of ecological taxation are elaborated to prevent and control pollution of ecosystems. It is proved that the product producer’s harming the environment should not only bring stable revenues to the country’s budget, but also change the behavior of the polluter, that is, encourage him to reduce emissions of pollutants, while the saved money be directed to the re-modernization of production. The fiscal proportion of ecological and resource taxes and dues for the period 2010–2019 is defined. The most common taxes and dues in the European Union are researched. A model for the impact of tax regulation on decision-making by ecological pollutants is built up. The main directions for further development of the ecological taxation system in the context of the need for the rapidest ecological solutions is proposed.

394-402

Authors: Vlasova N. O., Nosyriev O. O.

The carried out research is aimed at identifying the industry factors that have the greatest impact on the formation of financial results of industrial enterprises, providing quantification of the strength of their influence and allocating the most significant among them. The relevance of this applied study consists therein that managing the formation of the necessary size of financial results as an internal financial source for the innovative development of enterprises in different industries requires a clear understanding of the power of influence of different groups of factors (at macro, meso- and micro-levels). The article provides the results of a correlation analysis of the strength of relationship between the main indicators of financial performance of enterprises of different industries and groups of indicators, characterizing: the volume of activity of the relevant industry; the achieved level of concentration of production; the organic and financial capital structure; status and efficiency of resource use. For the multiple correlation analysis, information was considered on 27 positions of industries, which coincide with the classification of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The calculations were carried out separately for years between 2016 and 2018. and additionally for 2012, which allowed to define sustainability of the identified relationships. The results of the carried out research show that today the most influential factors are the competitive structure and the level of concentration of production in different industries. The financial structure of capital and the type of asset financing policy are also significantly influential. There is a high strength of relationship in the capital-labor ratio. At the same time, the correlation analysis did not prove a relationship with indicators, which characterize efficiency in the use of resources. The need for further research into the influence of the intra-industrial factors on the formation of financial results of industrial enterprises is substantiated.

409-418

Authors: Avtukhov E. Y., Meshko N. P.

The article analyzes the economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The dynamics of the number of SME enterprises is researched. The capital structure of small and medium-sized businesses is estimated. Sales volumes of products are analyzed. The indicators of efficiency of economic activity of enterprises are compared in terms of net profit and profitability. The movement of private capital in small and medium-sized businesses is evaluated. The volumes of direct investments from Ukraine and into Ukraine, the number of loans provided by financial institutions are studied in the dynamics. The forward-looking calculations are made on the basis of official statistics on the movement of private capital of small and medium-sized businesses. The authors take into consideration the programs for SMEs support in the context of spread of coronavirus. The operation of an enterprise in the crisis is provided on the example of company «Agromat». Scientific novelty consists in the determination of trends in the movement of private capital of small and medium-sized businesses in the conditions of crisis and the prospects of its dynamics.

426-436

Authors: Shkurenko O. V., Melnyk Y. Y.

The article is aimed at diagnosing the competitive environment of the OJSC «Kyiv River Port» with the use of the model of five competitive forces according to M. Porter to develop proposals for the development of river ports in Ukraine. As a result of the research, it is determined that river transport services play a significant role in the economy of the countries, and, of course, there is a problem of increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine’s river ports, despite the fact that the State has a significant potential of inland waterways. A SWOT-analysis of river transport and ports of Ukraine is carried out, allowing to identify strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It is proved that one of the basic instruments for analyzing the competitive environment of enterprise for strategic planning purposes is the model of the five competitive forces according to M. Porter. The factors of influence on the competitive environment of the river port of the OJSC «Kyiv River Port» are allocated, namely: influence from the State; market power of consumers and substitute services; influence from existing and new competitors; influence from suppliers. The emphasis is put on the need for a system approach to the development of the inland waterway transport sector, which is relevant in the context of the integration of communication routes into a system of international transport corridors. Prospect for further research in this direction is substantiation of the development of a management mechanism for the development of river ports of Ukraine.

443-451

Authors: Protsenko V. M.

The article is aimed at forming the strategic controlling vectors of intensification of management of economic behavior of the railway industry enterprises in the conditions of neo-industrial modernization. It is disclosed that the main instrument for achieving these vectors is a strategy, the choice of which is carried out in the process of strategic controlling positioning and analysis of the internal and external environment of enterprises, including, on the one hand, an evaluation of the level of economic behavior of enterprise, its resource opportunities, and, on the other hand, an evaluation of the obstacles that are formed in the market. The proposed in this article attempt to achieve the targeted strategic controlling vectors of intensification of management of economic behavior of the railway industry enterprises in the context of neo-industrial modernization is expressed within the methodological framework of the attributive concept of the general content of its properties, namely: the link to economic behavior, the desire for rationalism in the intensification of management and the results of practical actions according to the interpretation of market relations in accordance with the requirements of neo-industrial modernization, which is the basis for the efficient development of enterprises in the uncertain market conditions.

458-465

Authors: Ostapchuk T. P., Biriuchenko S. Y.

The article is aimed at studying the essence and the process of managing the internal social responsibility, substantiating the need for its implementation in Ukrainian enterprises. The relevance of the management of social responsibility to establish a system of employment relations between the employee and the employer is substantiated. In analyzing and systematizing the views of scientists regarding the definition of the concept of «social responsibility» were defined the essence and the role of internal social responsibility, its positive and negative aspects for the enterprise. The dependence of social responsibility on the scale and effectiveness of the economic activities of the enterprise is specified. The directions of internal responsibility of the enterprise are defined. The need to manage social responsibility is justified, its main stages and information base are defined. The functions of managing the social responsibility are researched. Within the functions of internal social responsibility management, the planning stages are defined and a list of the internal social programs is provided. The main problematic function is the motivation to implement social responsibility programs in modern enterprises in Ukraine. The methods of assessing and controlling the social responsibility of the enterprise are grouped. The potentialities of the enterprise arising from the implementation of social responsibility directions are substantiated. Prospect for further research in this direction is to determine methods and indicators of evaluation of the efficiency of management of social responsibility of the enterprise for the stakeholders.

471-476

Authors: Zhuravel O. V., Mamontenko N. S.

The dynamic controlling system in the management of foreign economic activity is a type of management activity that determines prospects for development and the future status of the enterprise’s foreign economic activity. The conception of a dynamic controlling system in the management of the enterprise’s foreign economic activities requires the application of automated management analysis methods, which is expressed in the wide use of various economic-mathematical models, taking into account the specifics of a particular enterprise. As part of the proposed conception, the task of the dynamic controlling system in managing the external economic activities of enterprise as a process is to develop a complex of activities in the form of successive organizational-economic stages of development of the management impact necessary to achieve the goals set by the enterprise. These goals include: collecting, processing, interpreting and storing information; elaborating a managerial decision; planning of management impact; transferring the management impact to an object; control over execution; analysis of the results of implementing the decision. A prerequisite for achieving the full efficiency of the controlling system in the management of the enterprise’s foreign economic activities is the qualitative implementation of feedback in the management process, which is achieved by algorithmization and automation of management analysis.

484-491

Authors: Karkovska V. Y.

The article discusses the basic aspects of the regulatory and legal support of the personnel security mechanisms of public authorities. It is noted that the basis of the legal support of the personnel security mechanisms of public authorities is the protection of confidential information through the use of regulatory and legal documents. The legal support of the personnel security mechanisms should be considered and explored at the micro- and macro-levels. A fragment of the regulatory and legal mechanism of the personnel security of public authorities is proposed. It is determined that the legal support is represented by a significant number of regulations, but the main measure to neutralize threats from the part of employee may be the development of the following package of documents: automated systems; protection from unauthorized access to information; indicators of protection from unauthorized access. The number of the carried out full-fledged inspections of the declarations of persons authorized to perform the functions of the State or local government is analyzed. The results of the work of the National Agency for the prevention of corruption are characterized. The analysis of the directed and well-founded conclusions for the specially authorized subjects in the sphere of countering corruption together with the consideration of reports on the possible display of false information in the declarations of the subjects of the declaration in 2018 are carried out. The regulatory and legal support for counteracting cybercrime in Ukraine is analyzed. It is determined that the reason for the regulatory and legal support of the personnel security of public authorities is the ability to respond adequately and promptly to changes in the security of a particular situation, namely, preventing and countering corruption on the basis of the separation of public, government, corporate and private interests; activating the administrative reform; activating the judicial reform towards the establishment of a system of judicial order and judicial procedure in Ukraine; promoting personnel security and legislating its activities.

503-510

Authors: Miroshnyk M. V., Kopytsa D. O., Stryuk L. O.

The article is aimed at researching the digital marketing as an environment for the development of digital advertising. The main channels of digital marketing, their instruments, features and trends of contemporaneity are considered. It is detailed that the consumers’ perception of the channels and instruments of marketing communications in the digital environment depends on the age of users, as evidenced by the theory of generations X, Y and Z. It is determined that the volume of digital advertising in the communication market of Ukraine during 2019 has grown by 34%, and, according to the All-Ukrainian Advertising Coalition (AAC), the forecasted growth will amount to 31% in 2020. The results of the AAC Advertiser’s Choice study, resulting in a list of the top 10 Ukrainian communication agencies and media agencies, are presented. Sociological studies on the users of digital marketing of the age category of the generation X (35–55 years) regarding their digital advertising preferences are carried out. It is determined that 90% of respondents experience overload from the amount of advertising; their loyalty to distribution channels such as computers and tablets, digital TV, interactive screens and self-service terminals is quite high (8-9 points), but these channels do not enjoy sufficient trust among consumers (5, 6, 6, 7 points respectively). It is defined that 65% of respondents are positive about viewing the branded content, 93% of them are ready to view content with the mention of celebrities. However, only 48% are ready to pay attention to articles (large in volume), even with such interactive elements as images, videos, quotes and infographics. It is concluded that digital marketing is the main focus of marketing development in the context of informatization of society. Digital channels provide the efficiency of information dissemination and become a breeding ground for the development of interactive digital advertising technologies.

516-523

Authors: Tsyganok V. M., Goryk-Chubatyuk M. O., Gulya Y. V.

The article explores the main elements of preparation, construction and carrying out presentation events as a constituent part of the integrated marketing communications. The latter actively help to promote commodity items to market, expand the brand recognition and form a brand. The main aspects in the application of marketing integrated communications are modernity of technology, non-standard perception and thinking, innovative technologies, creativity, etc. Marketing presentations are characterized as one of the methods of the integrated marketing communications, which aim to create brand recognition among the potential buyers (representing the characteristics and advantages of products, creating demand and stimulating sales). The marketing presentations have: structure (algorithm of carrying out presentation events, important stages); object (goods, service, brand, representation of strategy, of information, etc.); subject (representative of the organization, speaker); means (the use of modern technologies, means of presentation of information, provision of free samples, etc.). The uniqueness of this article is the content of the description of prospective elements used in the construction of marketing presentations, as well as the description of the typical errors that occur in the development and testing of a presentation scenario, the envision and elimination of which allows to achieve faster efficiency of the carried out activities.