Business Inform

14-19

Authors: Hrazhevska N. I., Shemakhina I. V.

The aim of the study is to identify the impact of financialization on convergent and divergent development of national economies. It is argued that convergence and divergence are two interrelated determinants of the development of the world economy. Based on the analysis of statistical data for the period 2000–2018, it is found that the high growth rates of the relative majority of less developed countries, compared to developed ones, confirm the hypothesis of ?-convergence of national economies and transformation of the world economy into a single structural and functional system. On the other hand, the implementation of the neoliberal model of globalization in the absence of an effective institutional and organizational streamlining of world economic processes deepens the gap between different groups of countries, increasing the divergence of national economies, as evidenced by the growing differentiation of countries in terms of per capita income, which does not support the hypothesis about ?-convergence. Under these circumstances, further institutional and organizational harmonization of the global economy, creation of effective national and international institutions and organizations, mitigating the contradictions of the financialization of the world economy and directing globalization processes towards the coordination of the interests of various groups of countries, are gaining importance.

29-37

Authors: Pugachevska K. S., Rupcheva A. O.

The aim of the study is to assess the key trends in the export of Ukraine in the context of European integration. Indicators of foreign trade of Ukraine and EU countries are analyzed. The commodity and geographical structure of domestic exports is estimated. The level of use of tariff quotas for export to the EU is analyzed. The main problems domestic enterprises face when entering the European markets are identified. It is substantiated that, since customs tariffs between Ukraine and the EU will be almost completely abolished, non-tariff barriers will continue to be a key obstacle to the development of trade. Consequently, domestic legislation should be harmonized with European regulations, which can be achieved by transposing EU standards, abolishing obsolete Soviet norms, strengthening institutional capacity, etc. Prospects for further research in this direction are problems of searching for reserves of export-oriented growth of certain economic activities, including by promoting domestic export on European markets.

43-49

Authors: Onatsky M. Y.

The aim of the article is to explore the features of the foreign economic and foreign policy cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan at the present stage. The role and place of Tajikistan in the system of interregional cooperation are analyzed. The features of foreign economic and military and political cooperation of Tajikistan are investigated. It is proved that the main regional partners and key players in the region are Russia, China and Iran. The main directions of bilateral cooperation of Tajikistan with the leading states of the region are considered. The specificity of relations between Tajikistan and Russia, China, and Iran, as the main foreign policy partners of Tajikistan, is shown. The influence of the foreign policy factor on the preservation of internal political stability in Tajikistan is revealed.

56-61

Authors: Bolgarova N. K., Panevnyk T. M.

The relevance of the study aimed at determining the priority aspects of the investment attractiveness of Ukraine is determined. The place of Ukraine in the world ranking in terms of GDP per capita is considered. The necessity of improving the investment attractiveness of the country is substantiated. The theoretical positions covering the essence of investment attractiveness are considered. The main world definitions of investment attractiveness, based on priority rankings and indices, and the position of Ukraine in the rankings are considered. The analysis of the priority indicators of investment attractiveness of Ukraine, namely, foreign direct investment and capital investment is carried out. The dynamics of foreign direct investment is analyzed, the structure of the receipt of share capital from major investing countries is determined. The main macroeconomic factors contributing to the growth of foreign direct investment are identified. The leading economic activities in terms of development of capital investments are identified, and a high level of diversification of the Ukrainian economy is confirmed. The ways for improving the investment attractiveness of Ukraine are proposed.

67-72

Authors: Pilevych D. S.

The aim of the article is to enhance the theoretical principles for development of electronic business. The basic features of e-business as a separate, holistic object of research are described. These include the following: e-business – a type of economic activity; an activity intended for generating income; an activity in which information and communication technologies and networks are actively used; an activity in which information and communication technologies and networks play a leading role in all business processes: consumption, exchange, distribution, and production; an activity which creates added value. Taking into account the results obtained, it is proposed to consider the essence of e-business as follows: e-business is a type of economic activity in which information and communication technologies and networks are actively used, their application making it possible to create added value and generate income. Special attention is also paid to the selection of individual elements in the e-business system and their grouping. In particular, the elements include the following: electronic commerce, electronic consulting, electronic payment services, electronic provision of information, electronic employment, electronic financial services, electronic educational services, electronic marketing.

80-85

Authors: Vasyliv V. B., Beztelesna L. I.

The impact of a university on regional subsystems: political, demographic, economic, infrastructural, cultural one is highlighted. It is established that the existing foreign models evaluate the direct, indirect and induced impact of universities on regional economic development. The most popular methodology for studying economic impact of universities on the regional economy is the ACE methodology. It is proved that its use in Ukraine meets certain difficulties due to the lack of statistical data. Statistical data in Ukraine do not allow for evaluating the indirect economic impact of university expenditures and calculating the corresponding multiplicative effect. Domestic approaches to evaluating the impact of universities on economic development are analyzed. The impact of universities in the UK and Ukraine on regional economic development is compared. Using the example of National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, the impact of the university on the economy of the Rivne region is analyzed. The ways for adapting world experience to domestic realities are proposed.

92-97

Authors: Lyubchyk L. M., Grinberg G. L., Voronin A. V.

The main aim of the study is to analyze the procedure for constructing differential equations used to model macroeconomic processes. The correctness of the model of economic growth in differential form is investigated. The inadequacy of the exponential growth of the economy is established. An alternative result is obtained in the form of a hyperbolic growth of significant economic indicators. A discrepancy between the proportional growth of capital and income is revealed. Considerations are put forward to identify the moment of occurrence of crisis phenomena. Corresponding adjustments to economic growth models are made. An approach to the use of balance equations for modeling economic dynamics for the purpose of obtaining prediction estimates is generalized.

106-110

Authors: Dmytrenko O. V., Ivashchenko P. A.

A new method for simulating and forecasting a discrete time series using the moving average method is proposed and substantiated. The idea of the method is to use the latus rectum as a quantitative estimator of the shape of a parabolic segment of a time series trend. Since the actual number of values of this indicator in terms of nature of its periodicity resembles an array of innovative buckets, there arose an idea of using the foci of parabolic segments which approximate these buckets. To build the forecasts, the simplest method of double moving averages of the third order was chosen. Using the moving average method, it is possible to obtain not only forecasts of points or intervals but also more complex ones, e.g., those of parabolic segments. The method of forecasting with the help of moving averages has provided an opportunity to give a generalizing picture of the changes in the process being studied, as demonstrated by the example of the indicator “Innovative Activity of Ukrainian Enterprises”. It has made it possible to predict the intensification of innovation in Ukraine for the period up to 2024.

117-122

Authors: Lisovska O. O.

The aim of the article is to provide short-term forecasting of the volume of net premiums using mathematical expectation based on the analysis of the dynamics of the key indicators of voluntary medical insurance in the domestic market for medical insurance services. The time series of observations are the years from 2008 to 2018. The place of the market for medical insurance services in the structure of the insurance market of Ukraine as a whole is specified. For this purpose, the volumes of net premiums for all types of insurance and separately for the components of medical insurance are analyzed, namely: continuous health insurance, medical expense insurance, and health insurance in case of illness. The dynamics of net premiums and payments for components of medical insurance is analyzed and it is proved that voluntary medical insurance tends to increase. The forecast of the volume of net premiums for 2019 is carried out using the mathematical expectation. Taking into account the effect of the inflation component on the nominal indicator, the actual indicator is calculated, forecasting for nominal and actual indicators is performed, the comparison is made, and the hypothesis on the effect of inflation is confirmed. The prospect for further research is to analyze the key indicators of the market for medical insurance services in the process of passing the next stages of the medical reform and summarizing results of the market development.

129-135

Authors: Sukhonos M. K., Stamatin O. V.

The aim of the article is analyzing global trends in the development of electronic payment systems for urban public transport to justify the introduction of non-cash payments in the electric transport of Ukraine and establish control over passenger turnover in the sphere of provision of transportation services through applying corresponding systems, which will allow, on the one hand, resolving the problem of fare collection, and, on the other hand, optimizing the route network of land electric transport, as well as making underground train schedules more tight and rational. The current state of the existing in the world (Europe, Asia, examples in Africa and Latin America) fare collection systems and passenger accounting systems for public transport is analyzed. The necessity of the speedy introduction of such systems in all cities of Ukraine which have public transport networks is justified.

142-149

Authors: Nazarov N. K., Barannik I. O.

Managing the development of export-import potential requires constant monitoring of risks of and threats to economic security, which should be carried out scientifically. Based on the analysis of works of leading experts, the types of potential of industrial enterprises are described, an integrated system for monitoring the level of economic security of an enterprise and the methodological principles that determine it are considered. As a result of the study, the main components of management of export-import potential of an enterprise are proposed; the environmental factors that have a direct influence on management of an enterprise, and those that affect an enterprise indirectly are identified. There proposed a model for constructing an integrated economic security system with its inherent principles, objectives, objects to protect, as well as aspects and areas of research and forecast. Based on the carried out study, the promising areas of activity aimed at ensuring security of export-import potential of an enterprise are highlighted, the need to create an efficient multidivisional structure to integrate activities of all departments and levels of management of an enterprise is emphasized.

157-161

Authors: Ahaverdiieva K. F., Ivanisov O. V., Lebedinska O. S.

The aim of this work is to justify the need for conducting social audits in domestic enterprises. The relevance and necessity of conducting social audits in the context of corporate social responsibility is substantiated. The theoretical justification of the concept “social audit” is investigated. Features of conducting social audit in certain subsystems of the social and labor sphere are summarized with consideration for peculiarities of foreign experience. Prospects for further research at the level of analysis is studying the features of organization of social audits at implementing business activities by modern enterprises. In respect of the applied aspect, the specific mechanisms and technologies of social audit still remain insufficiently studied.

169-173

Authors: Mosiyevych O. O.

The aim of the article is to study the frequency and flexibility of the use of contractual conditions by investors in financing venture projects. A comprehensive research on making investment decisions in financing venture projects was conducted, and a survey of 31 investors in venture projects, including the issues of deal structuring in venture capital financing, was carried out. The respondents of the survey indicated the frequency of using contractual conditions in the venture capital financing and flexibility in their application. According to the results of the survey, the least flexible contractual conditions for investors are anti-dilution protection, pro-rata rights and vesting. The conditions which are the most flexible for investors are control over the board of directors, investment valuation. It can be noticed that, according to the research, domestic investors are less inclined to use certain contractual conditions: redemption rights or cumulative dividends but more often use pro-rata rights, participation rights and liquidation preference.

180-184

Authors: Romashko O. M., Baryliak V. O.

The aim of the article is to formulate an original definition of a mechanism for managing financial resources and develop a conceptual framework for this mechanism. The fundamental goal of financial management is ensuring growth in the value of an enterprise and creating Cash Value Added, which can be achieved by an effective management of the process of formation and use of financial resources. This determines the relevance of studying the essence of the mechanism for managing financial resources and structuring the components of this concept. That is why, it is new and important in the theoretical and methodological terms to describe the essence of the category “mechanism for managing financial resources of an enterprise”, which is considered in this study as an interconnected set of organizational and economic elements of managing the formation and use of financial resources that ensure business efficiency, competitiveness and financial stability, conditions for sustainable development not only in the short but in the long term as well. The main components of this mechanism are identified and characterized. Prospects for further research in this direction are the improvement of the system for financial resources management at a particular enterprise.

192-196

Authors: Chobitok V. I.

The aim of the article is the formation of the staff assessment system in an enterprise using modern systems and technologies. Methods for assessing the staff in an enterprise are characterized. Based on the conducted research, indicators necessary to comprehensively characterize an enterprise’s staff planning, including: production; age; wages; intellectual capital; staff development; occupational skill structure are singled out. There formed a system of criteria indicators on which assessment of an enterprise’s staff is based, namely: financial and economic, personnel and socio-economic ones. Given the ever-increasing decrease in sources of skilled labor and its growing cost, the task of developing and maximizing the use of the staff available in an enterprise comes to the forefront of the staff policy. Therefore, sufficiency of an enterprise’s staff, its rational use is an important factor in improving production efficiency, while the use of modern systems and technologies in forming the staff assessment system in an enterprise will increase the level of financial, economic, socio-economic and staff indicators, being the basis for improving enterprise competitiveness.

204-209

Authors: Mukha S. V.

The article analyzes the current state of the Ukrainian corporate culture. The most common points of view on changes in business processes and their impact on the corporate culture of an enterprise are identified. The main mistakes of Ukrainian entrepreneurs in relation to corporate culture are revealed. The current directions in the development of the Ukrainian corporate culture and stereotypes which hinder it are defined. A comparison of two main points of view on the primacy of changes in corporate culture and changes in business processes is made. The features of the corporate culture of different countries are identified. Some aspects of the corporate culture of developed enterprises which can be introduced in Ukrainian realities are highlighted. It is established that changes in business which lead to changes in corporate culture are necessary under the following conditions: the corporate culture does not meet the strategic goals of the company; there are signs of an unhealthy corporate culture, which prevents the company from achieving positive results; stagnation: all innovations meet strong resistance of employees, which hinders dynamic development; fragmentation and separation of organizational units; mergers or other forms of business restructuring.

217-226

Authors: Shatailo O. A.

The aim of the article is to study and supplement substantive characteristics of a crisis management system. The content and essential characteristics of the concept “crisis management” are determined. There highlighted several approaches to the interpretation of crises management: as a process of general management; as a management system used during a crisis period; as actions aimed at preventing and neutralizing crisis situations; as a mechanism to restore the competitiveness of an enterprise and prevent its bankruptcy. However, as a result of the research it was found out that this type of management is separate from general one and acts as an independent system. It is determined that anti-crisis potential can be a resource support for crisis management. The basic principles of building crisis management in an enterprise are improved. The author’s definition of the concept “crisis management” is formed. A further direction of the research – assessment of anti-crisis potential of an enterprise – is defined.

233-238

Authors: Hryhorieva Y. А.

The issue of choosing communication channels by car dealers and their impact on performance indicators is investigated. Despite the significant amount of works which concern studying communication companies, the problem of justifying the application of an omnichannel communication system and evaluating communication channels used by dealers is not paid enough attention in the context of specific features of the automotive industry, which requires additional research in this area. Enterprises need a more stable consumer commitment to their products and their brand. From a marketing standpoint, this means that companies must achieve better results by increasing effectiveness of the marketing communication plan and budget. The importance of each communication tool varies depending on the type of consumer and the general pattern of communication used in the market. The omnichannel approach allows reducing the level of a company’s expenses, since omnichannel carefully coordinates and interconnects all communication channels.

246-252

Authors: Shchetinina L. V., Rudakova S. G., Trush O. A.

The aim of the article is to study the manipulative impact of mass media, analyze the mechanism of their influence, as well as develop recommendations to counteract this influence. In the course of the study, a survey of 100 respondents on the manipulative impact of the media on public consciousness was conducted. Based on the results of the survey, it is concluded that there is a large number of methods and techniques to manipulate consciousness of population used by the modern media. This is done, as a rule, in order to suppress or distort reliable information. Thus, 76.1 % of respondents expressed their opinion that the listed methods of mind control have a negative impact on mental health. Therefore, almost 70 % of the respondents are trying to subject information provided by the media to rigorous filtering and only 2.1 % unconditionally believe it. The significance of influence of the media is evidenced by the fact that almost every person uses at least one mass medium. Manipulative effects of the media can be resisted with the help of analytical thinking.