Business Inform

8-18

Authors: Kravchuk N. І., Kilnitska O. S., Tarasovуch L. V.

The history of origin, the essence, properties, and driving forces of the bioeconomy are disclosed. Three approaches to its interpretation are synthesized: technological, resource, and ecological. The foreign experience of implementation of the bioeconomy in economic activity of different branches is generalized. The place of the bioeconomy in development strategy of the leading world countries: USA, Germany, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, and participation in this process of the international organizations are researched. It is determined that the bioeconomic system should become a component of the national economy of the country. The socio-economic activity, based on the processes that have a biological basis, promotes: sustainable and efficient solution of problems in the food, chemical, forest industries, mechanical engineering, energy, health protection; formation of food security; preservation of ecological-economic equilibrium. The system of the following determinants of the bioeconomy: stability, entropy, renewal, symbiosis, unorthodoxness, dynamic efficiency has been proposed. The dynamic efficiency is part of a new perspective concept of the circular economics.

27-33

Authors: Cherepanova V. О.

The article is aimed at improving the theoretical foundations of consulting by introducing a new concept – «business consultancy», defining its functions and tasks. The current status of development of consultancy services in Ukraine and world-wide was analyzed and it has been determined that their growth has been observed since 2015. A study of scientific works has proved necessity of introduction of new concept – «business consultancy», which combines «consulting», «managerial consultancy», «coaching», «advisory psychology», and their characteristic features. The need to implement business consultancy is explained by the expansion of functions and tasks facing consulting firms providing services to their clientele. The definition of its functions (stages) is based on the analysis of scientific approaches to the essence of consulting and includes expertise of activity, substantiation of measures, development of strategies and support of implementation of measures in business processes of the client. It has been proved that the task of implementation of these services is to concretize the established functions by solving problems of economic, technical, technological, informational, organizational, and psychological character.

40-45

Authors: Ostrovska O. A., Usherenko S. V., Kharchenko Y. Y.

Recession in the economy and bankruptcy of a number of financial institutions in Ukraine actualizes research on foreign experience in the settlement of issues of bankruptcy and restoration of solvency of companies in the EU countries, which are characterized by stability of the economic-legal institutions of entrepreneurship and the financial-credit system. Researching these issues is also aimed at harmonizing Ukrainian legislation on bankruptcy with the European legal system acquis communautaire. In this context, the experience of the Czech Republic (Czechia) is noteworthy. According to the results of a study of the peculiarities of legislative regulation of bankruptcy procedures and restoration of solvency of debtors in the Czech Republic, their effectiveness has been evaluated, and the conclusions have been made about that the Czech legislation as a whole promotes restoration of the debtor’s solvency and continuation of its entrepreneurial activity further on. Certain norms, such as the determination of bankruptcy criteria, the solvency of debtor, the innovation approach to disclosure of the category of «presumption of solvency», and the settlement of the institution of moratorium as a way of a rapid recovery of solvency of debtor together with the procedures of its reorganization – have prospects of implementation in the national practice of drafting bills in order to improve the current legislation on bankruptcy.

52-58

Authors: Yakovchenko V. S.

The article is concerned with the interdependence between dynamics of the international trade and economic relations development and the existing level of foreign trade policy transparency in accordance with the provisions of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. The effect of observance of transparency principle in foreign trade policy on forming the transaction costs in foreign trade is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the influence of import duties and transaction costs on the formation of Ukraine’s foreign trade barriers is carried out. Prospects of the national export-import activity development under increasing transparency of foreign trade policy of Ukraine and other world countries are determined.

64-69

Authors: Pereverzieva A. V.

The article researches methodical approaches to the classification of united territorial communities on the basis of analysis of financial and human resources. The united territorial communities have been grouped and the matrix of classification of the united territorial communities has been constructed on the basis of an analysis of the relationship «own income – quantity of population». It is determined that most of the communities are characterized by the direct dependence between the population and the amount of their own incomes. Application of the discriminant analysis allowed to classify the united territorial communities by a certain set of their characteristics, as well as to identify differences between the groups, which provided possibility to classify new objects according to the principle of maximum similarity. On the basis of the carried out calculations dominance of the weight of such indicator as the volume of own income has been identified. It is emphasized that those communities that have sufficient financial resources and, accordingly, have a high level of self-sufficiency, can provide a significant level of the human resources development.

75-80

Authors: Horbal N. I., Naumchuk S. I., Romanyshyn S. B., Sikorska K. O.

The article is aimed at researching possibilities of development of the national educational sphere in conditions of the integration into European space. The obstacles and opportunities of development of education of Ukraine are studied, in particular, by using international ratings. The international educational and scientific programs and projects effective in Ukraine, in particular the programs of «double diplomas», the EU programs – «Horizon 2020», «Tempus», «Erasmus+» and others were analyzed. The results of the students’ survey about the reasons of choice of the international programs, in particular «double diplomas», are provided. The need to create adequate economic and social conditions to avoid certain negative consequences of increased international mobility and migration (brain drain, labor depletion, misuse of knowledge) was indicated, concluding that graduates should implement their potential in the territory of Ukraine.

90-98

Authors: Kotsyuba O. S.

The article is concerned with the methodology of economic substantiation of real investments in case of considerable lack of information on possible fluctuations of initial parameters and the resulting risk. The analysis of sensitivity as the main instrument for accounting the risk in the indicated problem situation is the focus of the presented research. In the publication, on the basis of the apparatus of interval mathematics, a set of models for comparative estimation of economic attractiveness (efficiency) of alternative investment projects in conditions of uncertainty and risk is formulated, using the sensitivity analysis. The developed instrumentarium assumes both mono- and poly-interval version of the sensitivity analysis. As the risk component in the constructed models is used: in some – values of the specially developed sensitivity coefficient, in others – the worst values, which are based on the interval estimations of the partial criteria of efficiency. The sensitivity coefficient, according to the approach proposed in the publication, is the ratio of the target semi-range of variation to the increase (economy) of efficiency, which is provided when the basic level of the analyzed partial criterion of economic attractiveness in comparison with some of its threshold (limit) value is being reached.

107-112

Authors: Melikhova T. O.

The article is aimed at suggesting methods for calculating the short-term period of return of costs invested in creation of an economic security service. The article considers approaches to calculation of the period of return of costs, advanced at the level of enterprise, which build the methodical basis for definition of such period. At the level of structural subdivisions of enterprise, which do not produce products, it is suggested to use conditional money flow as a source of financing advanced costs. The calculation of the short-term return on investment at the enterprise level provides for: allocation of expenses for the permanent and the replacement parts during the year; determination of the production of money flow and the money flow accumulated during the year. Annual depreciation payments are the basis of fixed costs. Methods of determination of the gross, net, valid, and specified periods of return of costs, advanced during the year for introduction of an economic security service at enterprise, have been suggested.

121-126

Authors: Kuzmenko O. V., Ovcharenko V. O.

The article carries out the structural modeling of priority directions of development of banking system of Ukraine depending on the investment possibilities for introduction of innovation technologies of customer service. The relevant factors of the banking services market, investment market, and innovation market are identified and standardized. A multidimensional statistical and correlation analysis is carried out in the system of innovation technologies of banking services and investments. The causal relations between the main indicators of the functioning of components of this system are researched by implementing the multidimensional linear regression and factor analysis. Adequacy of the proposed econometric model has been proved on the basis of statistical indicators. As a result of practical approbation of the developed model on the example of the banking system of Ukraine it has been proved that development of the market of innovations and investments positively influences the level of development of the market of banking services.

135-141

Authors: Burennikova N. V., Yarmolenko V. О., Marchuk L. M.

The article considers the practice of using the method of discriminant analysis to study effectiveness of the processes of functioning of enterprises on the basis of indicators of the constituent parts of performance on the example of specific agricultural enterprises of the grain products subcomplex. It is underlined that when using benchmarking (as a method of competitive analysis) in many cases when researching the processes of functioning and development of enterprises (in particular, agricultural) there is a need to distribute the studied objects into individual groups according to the main strategic priorities. It is specified that one of the methods used for such distribution is the classic discriminant analysis, which allows to define the quantitative boundary that distinguishes the group of enterprises-leaders from all other enterprises. It has been found that the determining factor in the use of the specified method is the choice of a number of indicators characterizing the objects and processes allocated by using benchmarking. This choice, in turn, requires implementation of an appropriate algorithms based on simulation. As these indicators serve the authors’ indicators of efficiency and scale product, selected as the constituent parts of the performance indicator, characterizing any process and its results from both the qualitative and the quantitative points of view. The authors’ own approaches to the method of grouping of objects and allocation of strategically important groups among them have been proposed.

148-159

Authors: Kyzym M. O., Salashenko T. I., Kyzym G. M.

The article presents an analysis of the existing international legal documents in the energy sphere, which define the features of the national energy policy of Ukraine. Among the main such documents are considered the Energy Charter Treaty, the Treaty on the establishment of the Energy Community, the Association Agreement between the Ukraine and the European Union. These international treaties have primacy over the national legislation, so their provisions should be of top priority in the course of formation of the national energy policy. At the same time, international commitments to implement the national tariff policy in the energy sector are not explicitly written in international documents. This fact allowed Ukraine to implement economically inefficient, non-competitive, and anti-social tariff policy in the energy sector. A systematization together with analyzing of the international obligations of Ukraine has allowed to determine that the following principles should be laid down in the basis of the national tariff policy in the energy sphere: non-discrimination of market participants on national affiliation; full reflection of efficient, including environmental, costs in conditions of sustainable development; transparency of regulatory policy; prohibition of distortion, limitation, and prevention of competition, as well as abusing of dominant position.

164-169

Authors: Maksymiuk S. O.

The article covers the concept of tourism and its basic aspects. The author considers tourism at the levels of the world economy, regional economy, association of enterprises, stand-alone enterprise. The difference from the concept of branch together with expediency of use of the term of «tourism complex» have been substantiated; its definitions are highlighted and its characteristics are listed; boundaries of activity are delineated; elements, intra-complex vertical, horizontal connections and specificity of functioning are characterized; the interrelatedness of tourism activity with various spheres of public production has been defined. A characteristic of the State regulation of tourism activity is given. Features of the State policy of providing economic security of development of tourism complex of the State and the main directions of activity of the State authorities in the sphere of economic security of tourism complex, as well as suggestions for their improvement have been provided.

179-185

Authors: Kostiuchenko D. L.

The publication is aimed at studying the phenomenon of decentralization as a factor in the development of rural areas of Ukraine. The object of study is a territorial community that is able to develop itself or to ensure its own development through local governments, which we believe is the basis for a stable and efficient process of decentralization. As a result, it has been concluded that the decentralization process has a positive impact on the development of rural areas. By establishing such territorial communities, the Ukrainian village becomes «autonomized» financially and has the possibility and real ability to manage its funds independently, taking into consideration the opinion of the society. The Ishikawa chart has clearly demonstrated that the decentralization process has far more advantages than risks. By means of the graphic method, strategic guidelines for the development of rural areas of Vinnytsia region have been formed. The prospects for further research are to explore the process of establishing unified territorial communities, to determine their role and importance in enhancing the development of rural areas.

191-196

Authors: Shkromyda V. V., Gnatiuk T. M.

The necessity of analyzing of turnover of current assets and studying of influence of factors forming it, with the purpose of development of managerial decisions on improvement of results of managing and strengthening of competitive positions of enterprise in market are substantiated. Based on the experience of the DuPont System of Analysis, a detailed formula for calculating by means of mathematical transformations the turnover coefficient of the company’s current assets is proposed, which by its content and impletion is more informative for making decisions on increase of efficiency of use of current capital of enterprise. A deterministic factor analysis of the multi-factor multiplier of turnover of current assets was carried out on the example of a particular production plant, as a result of which the reserves of improving the use of available current assets of the entity have been identified and ways of their implementation have been suggested.

204-209

Authors: Mulinska H. V.

The article is aimed at presenting the order of including the cost of transport services in the initial cost of oil products at the time of their purchase by invoicing. The essence of «invoicing» of transport services is disclosed, the order of including the cost of transport services in the initial cost and cost of petroleum products by means of invoicing is illustrated. The conditions and risks of invoicing of transport expenses are clarified, features of the tariff setting for transportation of oil products by railway transport are researched. Prospective directions for further researches are: analysis of criteria of selection of the base of distribution of difference between planned and actual cost of transport services during the reporting period; search for automation of the invoicing process on the basis of automated accounting and reporting systems in the sphere of trade; examining of the invoicing process in the context of transfer pricing in the event that transport services are provided by one of the internal divisions of the enterprise of retail trade in oil products.

215-223

Authors: Hordopolov V. Y.

The article is aimed at assessing the current status of organization and accountance methodology of foreign economic activity of enterprises in the light of the need to change modern development objectives of foreign economic relations at both micro- and macro-levels. The modern tendencies of development of foreign economic relations of enterprises were researched in the context of influence of foreign policy on functioning of entities of foreign economic activity. The problematic aspects related to the conducting of foreign policy of the country are identified, ways of solving these issues, which are offered in various scientific sources, are analyzed. Ways of modification of accountance system have been determined in the context of influence of changes of tendencies of development of foreign economic activity on both micro- and macro-levels.

230-239

Authors: Khutorna M. Е.

The article is aimed at substantiating methodological aspects of assessing the efficiency of the system of ensuring financial stability of credit institutions (SEFSCI). Complexity and multidimensionality of issues of ensuring financial stability of credit institutions allowed to allocate a number of requirements. This, in turn, led to the development of methodology to assess the efficiency of SEFSCI, using axiological, system-functional approaches and the theory of stakeholders. As a result the author describes the basic criteria of efficiency of functioning of the researched system in the context of groups of stakeholders and their basic values, to satisfaction of which should be directed measures on the part of subjects of SEFSCI. The system’s efficiency criteria were also considered in the context of the economic, social, organizational, managerial, and institutional efficiency. The latter describe the attributes of internal efficiency of SEFSCI, and the first group of criteria is more valuable in the aspect of the external efficiency diagnostics. However, both approaches are universal, concerning the possibility of their use for assessment of this system both on micro- and meso-level. Also, both approaches are complementary, and only their simultaneous use can provide a comprehensive diagnosis of the system, and hence the effectiveness of identifying both its shortcomings and the reserves of efficiency gains.

247-252

Authors: Fedorenko I. A., Zas D. S.

The article is concerned with generalization of conceptual aspects of budgeting at industrial enterprise. The existing approaches of researchers to the essence of the concept of «budgeting» have been systematized. The subject, object, purpose, tasks, principles, and functions of the budgeting process have been defined. As a result of the research, the budgeting system and the stages of budgetary planning at the industrial enterprise have been structured in detail. The role and possibilities of budgeting for effective management of financial and economic activity of industrial enterprises have been clarified. Also the negative features of budgeting are described, which can affect the efficiency of its implementation in the practice of industrial enterprises. Directions for improvement of budgeting system at industrial enterprises have been defined.

259-265

Authors: Nikitishin A. О.

The formation and development of the institutional architectonics of tax regulation as a component of the institutional development of the country’s socio-economic system is disclosed. The current institutional architectonics of tax regulation of socio-economic development of the State is defined. The institutional interrelations in the tax regulation are analyzed taking into consideration the changes in the financial-economic situation and the geopolitical situation of Ukraine. It is proved that formation and development of the institutional architectonics of tax regulation should be based on adaptability and coherence with all components of the institutional system of socio-economic development of the country. The current national tax regulation is seen as an important element of supranational and international regulation, an integral instrument of the policy of the institutional regulation of socio-economic development of the country as a constituent part of the international institutional regulation. An analysis of institutional trends of development of regulatory potential of tax and customs payments at formation of revenues to the consolidated budget of Ukraine and to the State budget of Ukraine in 2015–2017 was carried out.

273-278

Authors: Vilkhivska O. V.

The article proposes improved conceptual provisions of innovative enterprise development based on the introduction of e-business technologies. The peculiarities of modern conditions of economic development under the influence of the new information paradigm are considered, the essence of which is the development and implementation of innovative network technologies (technologies of e-business) in all spheres and branches of the economy. An analysis of the author’s research on the trends in the development of e-business, e-commerce, marketing, the impact of Internet technologies on business practices has been carried out, which has made it possible to achieve the goal, that was set, namely, to improve the conceptual foundations of innovative enterprise development based on e-business technologies. A special feature of the developed provisions is the emphasis on the introduction or full replacement of business processes in the enterprise by the appropriate technologies of electronic business and establishing the relationship between innovation development and their use.

283-290

Authors: Feshchur R. V., Shyshkovskyi S. V., Yakymiv A. I.

The article considers the process and develops the conception of management of the proactive development of enterprises. The main instruments of management of enterprises’ development have been allocated on the system, process, and micro-process levels. The economic-mathematical model of formation of the optimal program of enterprise’s development has been built with reflection of interests of the most significant stakeholders and the basic types of projects which are combined in the program of development of enterprise. Taking account of the peculiarities of activity together with the objectives of industrial enterprises’ development, the following groups of projects are selected: technical and technological, providing for the change of the level of technology at the enterprise; productive, aimed at quantitative and qualitative change of production of enterprise, increase of its competitiveness; organizational, leading to changes in the organization, structure, and management of enterprise. The choice of the most acceptable private optimal program of enterprise’s development is carried out using the matrix method. According to this method, the absolute values of indicators of the socio-economic development of enterprises become relative with the subsequent transition to the definition of integral estimates for each program. It is also possible to use the methods of compromise programming that allow to obtain a Pareto-optimal solution.

296-303

Authors: Sitnicki M. W.

The article researches the national system of ranking of research universities of Poland «Perspektywy» («Perspectives»). It is determined that the rating systems of research universities are powerful stimuli for development of these institutions. The article analyzes the scientific idea, tendencies of development of approaches to estimation and development of research of the universities of Poland. It is determined that the most topical questions, which are studied by the leading scientists of Poland, are: relevant definition of the indicators of ratings and their significance; issues related to the evaluation of Polish universities in the lifelong learning sphere; researches on the methodology of evaluating the usefulness of information in the websites of higher education institutions; innovative ways of development of the Polish economy by introduction of results of scientific researches of the universities into business practice etc. The methodological peculiarities of the Polish rating system, which evaluates the activity of research universities, are disclosed. This system is based on evaluation of the seven main rating indicators: prestige; graduates in the labor market; innovativeness; scientific potential; scientific efficiency; training conditions; internationalization of education. The publication will be useful for the heads of research universities and specialists in the field of strategic management development of research universities.

313-318

Authors: Rudenko M. V.

The article is aimed at developing principles and sequence of risk management processes of modern enterprises of the agrarian sector by determining key elements of the system and their characteristics, taking into account the possible asymmetry of information. It is proved that the process of risk management is carried out by the identification, analysis, evaluation, and processing with the subsequent determination of necessity for leveling the consequences. Each component of the risk management process is detailed and specific actions of the management of agrarian enterprises to minimize the consequences of unexpected situations are proposed. The necessity of development of the internal position (instructions) on risk management with the structure and the form proposed by the author as internal normative document as a standard for enterprise is proved, that will allow to have the documented basis of risk management within a separate economic entity and will strengthen the effectiveness of leveling consequences of occurrence of unforeseen situations. Prospect for further research in this direction is analysis and comparison of methods of general assessment and treatment of risks depending on their types and forms of exposure, with a detailed description of advantages, disadvantages, and possibilities of application at the enterprises of the agrarian sector of economy.