Bylye Gody

132-139

Authors: Asiet Yu. Shadzhe, Ludmila R. Khut, Elena S. Kukva

This article analyzes the content of such terms as «historical memory» and «historical policy»; and carries out their projection on current realities of the Russian Northern Caucasus. We offer possible answers to the question “what to do with the attempts of various actors of historic policy to exploit historical past of the Northern Caucasian peoples, Circassians in the particular. We justify the position that culture is the basis not only for the relationship of memory and identity, but also for mutual understanding among nations. We conclude that the policy, based on dialogue, should be focused on inter-ethnic harmony and preservation of each cultural/ethnic unity in the poliethnic region. In order to strengthen the unity of the nation’s civil and Russian national identity, we raise the problem of combining components to identify all Russian ethnic groups.

145-149

Authors: Sergej I. Belov

The aim of this study is to examine the issue of crimes against civilians committed by soldiers of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS in Germany in 1945. Disclosed the causes, background and nature of illegal actions by officers and soldiers against civilians. Discussed topic offenses by military command structures and the NSDAP. Studied the issue of representativeness eyewitness illegal actions of German soldiers. Introduced into science not previously involved researchers archival materials – reports, information bulletins and reports of political offices of the 1st Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian Fronts on the mood of the population of the occupied territories and enemy troops for February – June 1945.

155-161

Authors: Sergey I. Degtyarev

Studies the problem of service violations and abuses, which were extremely common in the bureaucratic environment of the Russian Empire in the late XVIII – early XIX centuries. The author attempts to answer the question of how these negative phenomena were perceived various population groups in different regions of the empire? It was concluded, that range of offenses, which were committed officials, was extremely broad. In doing so they affected the interests of society regardless of ethnic, social or professional affiliation of its members. This contributed to occurrence of a negative image of officials at all levels of society and in all regions of the empire. Inability and unwillingness of the government fight the offense in the environment of bureaucracy during many decades has led to the creation a negative image of the official. It was display in numerous literary works and poetry of Ukrainian and Russian authors, the memoirs of contemporaries, official documents.

168-173

Authors: Natalia Ye. Goryushkina

The article discusses the state of the nobility’s distilling on the basis of the sources from the Russian state historical archive which have not been previously analyzed. In the paper there have been defined more exactly fundamental legal principles of distilling production. The article states that the obtained monopoly privilege to distil in the middle of the XVIII century provided the nobles with the opportunity of getting very large income. The author concludes that the alcohol reform of 1863 was a turning point in the development of the nobility’s distilling. The exclusive right of the nobility for this type of business has been lost, distilling standards have transformed the manufacture of distilled spirits into the high-tech industry. Few noble distilleries have survived the fierce competition; even with the help of government they could not meet the needs of growing Russian market. Understanding the influence of alcohol reform on the course of the nobility’s distilling we are able to extend the historical view of this business activity and are also able to conceive the reasons for the ‘impoverishment’ of the upper class in the second half of the XIX century.

178-181

Authors: Tatiana A. Kattсina, Lyudmila E. Marinenko

The article assesses the performance materials Siberia ongoing work in the field of trade and economic training of personnel in the early 1920s. A model of the system of vocational trade and economic education; an assessment of the financial and human capacities of the education system. A conclusion that in 1920–1921, spontaneous process of opening a large number of educational institutions led to the dispersal and the unsustainable use of the few human and material resources. Proved that insufficient material support schools provoked staff shortages, reduced motivation and level of teaching staff, the quality of educational services, limited the conditions for education.

186-193

Authors: Gulzhaukhar K. Kokebayeva

The paper studies the problem of agitation work done among POWs in Soviet camps, the creation of military units and political organizations from POWs. Not only armed force was used during the Second World War, but also the power of words. The battles were accompanied by the information warfare. Opponents tried to use all possible means to manipulate people’s minds. Main directions of agitation and propaganda were defined by the «Soviet bureau of military and political propaganda», as well as the 7th Division of Soviet army. In the propaganda work among German POWs, the priority was given on shaping the ideological and political views of former soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht. As the result of the analysis of sources the author comes to conclusion that POWs of the Second World War period became the object of testing means and methods of ideological struggle of warring nations.

200-205

Authors: Larisa A. Koroleva, Alexey A. Korolev, Victor V. Zinchenko

In article the initial stage of life - in the Penza region of the editor-in-chief of the newspaper «Komsomolskaya Pravda» of Vladimir Mikhaylovich Bubekin (1904-1940), the typical representative of the Soviet era of the 30th years of the XX century is considered. V.M. Bubekin since 1920 worked in Spassky district committee of Komsomol - the managing military and sports department, the responsible secretary; I published materials in the district newspaper «Plug I Molot». Bubekin participated in carrying out «Komsomol Christmas-tide», naval week, conferences of Russian Communistic Union of Youth; organizations of propaganda collectives, etc. In 1923 Bubekin transferred to work in provincial committee of Penza. It carried out duties of the manager of political educational department of provincial committee of Komsomol of Penza, entered an editorial board of the youth newspaper «Znamya Lenintsa». In Penza Bubekin's friendship with A.V. Kosarev, future first secretary of the Central Committee of All-Union Leninist Young Communist League began. Since 1925 Bubekin works in Chelyabinsk, from where in 1930 it transfer to Moscow. In 1937 V.M. Bubekin was condemned for 10 years of imprisonment. In 1940 I died, being in prison.

215-225

Authors: Nicholas W. Mitiukov

The paper analyzes the innovation component of the Spanish shipbuilding programs of the first decade of the Regency period (1887-1898). It is shown that despite the objective difficulties with the construction of new ships, innovations in the industry in Spain was given great importance. Due to the nature of foreign policy the late 1880-s new military shipbuilding had clearly colonial orientation with a focus on high-speed cruiser. Problems of foreign and domestic policy of the earlier 1890-s not given the opportunity to fully implement the program of military shipbuilding, tightening it until the 1910-s, which was one of the reasons for the defeat in the Spanish-American War.

233-238

Authors: Oleg V. Semenov

The article, basing on the wide range of archival data, mostly introduced into scientific use for the first time, studies communal (secular and church) organization of Siberian coachmen in late XVI – XVII centuries. The paper touches upon the issue, concerning the time of its establishment, thoroughly characterizes the structure, functions and officials. The features of interrelation between coachmen ‘world’ and state and other corporate communities of the region are showed. The conclusion that, despite the dependence on the authorities, the processes of bureaucratization and the growth of the villeinage trends, common for the country, coachmen played significant role in the social life of Siberia is made. They intensively protected their interests and forced the government to consider them.

245-251

Authors: Vladimir N. Shaidurov

The historical science of Russia and Poland attaches great attention to the study of Polonius establishment and development outside the traditional place of residence. Polish communities emerged due to the realization of penal policy by the state, starting from late XVIII and, especially, in the second half of the XIX century. Siberia was one of the regions, which sheltered the significant amount of immigrants from Poland. But historiography attaches principal attention to the study of Poland community in the second half of the XIX century, despite the shortage of the data of the initial period of its establishment in certain Siberian provinces. The article solves the research problem by detecting the major features of establishment and development of Siberian Polonius within the framework of the national policy in under-reform period, using materials of different archives.

257-261

Authors: Alexander N. Sorokin

The article traces the development of the research activity of the largest scientific institute of the Eastern part of Russia – Siberian Physical-Technical Institute in the period between 1945 and 1954. The author analyzes the main currents of integration of science, education and production, characterize SPhTI’s area of researches. Particular importance is given to the meaning of the integration of science, education and industry as a factor of recovery and modernization of Soviet national economy. This article is meant for all interested in history of Soviet higher education and on the whole in the Soviet period of Russian history.

266-270

Authors: Pavol Tisliar

This paper analyzes the population census which took place in the territory of present-day Slovakia between 1919 and 1940, focusing on the organizational and logistical aspects. The paper also examines the publication of the results and discusses the current location of the primary documents and the degree to which they have been made available to the public.

276-281

Authors: Taisija V. Yudina, Vladimir V. Bulatov, Ekaterina L. Furman

The article is devoted to the problem of manpower in the Russian Far East inthe 1900s – early 1930s. The authors examine the total number of workers and employees at the concession enterprises, a percentage ratio of the Russian and foreign workers in the Far East fishery, coal and oil industries, their living and working conditions, salaries etc. The authors especially emphasized the role of Japanese fishery managers in the development of the Kamchatka fishery in pre-revolutionary Russia and in the USSR.