LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching

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Authors: Hendy Yuniarto and Marsono

This research aims to describe type classifier of semantic change and to explain the factors causing semantic change. This research was conducted with a qualitative-descriptive approach. The research method is conducted by comparing the meaning of words from the Old Javanese and Sanskrit loan wordto Modern Javanese. The collection data is done by looking for words that the meaning suspected change in Old Javanese dictionary. Words meaning determined precisely by tracing to the Old Javanese text. Furthermore, words meaning are compared to present time meaning through Modern Javanese dictionary. In addition, searching Modern Javanese meaning are also using Javanese news on the internet pages. The analysis of this research is to classify Old Javanese words and Sanskrit loan words meaning that undergo change to Modern Javanese. It’s also explained why the change in the word meaning can occur. The result shows that, semantic change of Old Javanese words and Sanskrit loan words to Modern Javanese can be classified into seven types, involving widening, narrowing, shifting, metaphor, metonymy, pejoration, and euphemism. In addition, the result shows that semantic change can occur because of some factors. Psychological factor concerning emotive and taboo, and polysemy. religion spreading, the growth of science and technology, the socio-political development, and the needs of a new name.

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Authors: Frisca Ayu Desi Widyaningrum, Carla Sih Prabandari

This paper discusses content validity and authenticity of the English test items in National Examination (UN) year 2012. It is worth discussion because UN, which was administered nationally, was the most important standardized test to assess Indonesian students’ competence. The study aimed to find out how valid the content of the English test items of National Examination year 2012 for senior high schools isand how authentic the English test items of National Examination year 2012 for senior high schools is. The writers employed a qualitative research with document analysis to conduct the analysis of both content validity and authenticity of the English test items. The data were obtained from the document and analyzed by using checklists. Besides, to maintain the validitiy of the analysis, a triagulation was done by distributing aquestionnaire to four experts in language assessment. There were twofindings resulted form the analysis. First, the content of the National Examination year 2012 was 98.8% valid since almost all of the contents were relevant to the test specifications. However, there were three reading test versions which failed to represent kinds of texts, namely explanation text. Second, the National Examination year 2012 met the criteria of authenticity with percentage 79.5% since some listening and reading test items failed to conform to authenticity criteria. Natural language use, the relevance of the test topics, and real-world representativeness became problematic aspects to meet the higher standard of authenticity.

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Authors: Truly Almendo Pasaribu

This paper is an investigation into the properties of the negation jangan in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar. The analysis shows that the negation jangan can negate verbs functioning as predicate in a sentence. It follows both transitive and intransitive verbs. The constituent that fills the position in the subject is defined by the voice of the sentence. If it is in the active voice, the subject is the second person pronoun. On the other hand, if the word jangan negates passive voice, the subject is not restricted. It is possible in Indonesian sentence to have double negation because the negative adverb jangan can negate a negation tidak. It also follows adjectives, adverbs, nouns and clauses. The negation jangan also has a different grammatical construction when it precedes the preposition sampai. The subject following jangan sampai is not restricted as the subject following jangan sampai is in active voice. The word jangan can be fronted to modify the whole clause.