Budownictwo i Architektura

15-22

Authors: Jacek Kudrys

In the presented study multi-year time series of changes in the L1 pseudo-range multipath are analysed. Data from 8 stations of the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) were used in the study. Periodic components present in the signal and their stability over time were analysed. Also, the type of background noise was determined, based on the spectral index. In some cases, the presence of weak components with a 1/2 and 1/3 of the Chandler period has also been found. Time-frequency analysis shows that periodic signals are not stationary in most of the examined cases, and particular signal components occur only temporarily. The analysed signals were characterised by pink noise in the lower frequency range and by white noise for higher frequencies, which is also characteristic for time series of coordinates obtained from GNSS measurements.

41-50

Authors: Andrzej Szewczak

Modifications of polymer composites are one of the fastest developing fields of technology. Research is focused on two directions: obtaining new composites or modifying existing materials. The first group of tests uses methods for preparing new chemical formulas of polymers containing, as the main structural element: carbon (organic polymers) or silicon (inorganic polymers). In the second group, the research consists in seeking methods to modify the properties of polymers. In building construction, among the others types, the glues (adhesive polymers) are used. They are exerted to connect materials with different physical and mechanical properties. Under the influence of the factor initiating the crosslinking reaction (hardener or temperature), the polymers obtain a solid form. The strength of the glued joint depends on the initial parameters of the glue resin and the target substrate of its application. The glued surface is usually the weakest element in this connection in terms of the possibility of damage due to the effects of loads, therefore methods to improve the strength parameters of adhesives are sought. The study presents the results of own research on methods of modification of a selected epoxy resin used in the technique as a glue. In order to ensure effective mixing of the adhesive with the fillers, ultrasound energy was used. After the resin had hardened, tests were carried out to determine the hardness and tensile strength of the obtained composites. Based on the results, SEM analysis and observation of the effect of ultrasound, the phenomena affecting the changes in the above mechanical properties were explained.

59-82

Authors: Mykola Bevz

The palace in Kukizów of King of Poland John III Sobieski is known only to a narrow group of architecture and art historians. The palace and park complex ceased to exist in the 19th century. The architecture of the palace is known especially from the descriptions in the inventory documents from the early 18th century. Although the authorship of the palace design belongs to the well-known artists of the era – Augustyn Wincenty Locci and Piotr Beber, its architecture has not yet been reconstructed. A specific feature of the royal residence in Kukizów was the construction of royal buildings and town buildings in a wooden material. The intention to create a city complex and an entirely wooden residence was a unique experiment in the field of European architecture and urban planning of the 17th century. In the paper we present the results of our research on the architecture of the palace and town for the end of the 17th century.

103-116

Authors: Magdalena Sulima

Nowadays, as a result of globalization processes, the sense of identity and relationship between humans and their place of living is increasingly losing its importance. Today’s thinking about the house as a centre of the world is becoming less obvious in comparison to the symbolism of a house in the folk culture. Wooden houses on the Polish and Belarus border are an example of a temporal continuum – both in the spatial and in the spiritual aspect. Because of their architecture, decoration on facades and spatial layout, they are a distinctive feature of the local landscape, and ethnic communities inhabiting them, to this day have maintained a strong identification with their own roots and place of residence. The greatest threat to the continuity of local tradition as well as wooden architecture of borderland villages is their progressive extinction. That is why the issue of protection of the cultural heritage and the generational memory of local residents is one of the key issues in maintaining the identity of those areas. The aim of the article which is based on ethnographic sources and field researches is to present the symbolism of traditional wooden houses in the villages of the north-eastern Poland as areas of material and spiritual values and to bring attention to the need of protecting them in the context of contemporary civilization changes.