Budownictwo i Architektura

5-15

Authors: Katarzyna Drobek, Bartosz Szostak, Wojciech Królikowski

The stocktaking is the basic form of presenting and protecting the object of the historic ruin. It also allows to monitor the behavior state and the degradation progress of an object. Objects in ruin are very specifi c because they usually do not have elements typical for an existing building. This means that in the case of ruins, methods of stocktaking taken in the same way as in the case of traditional facilities will be insuffi cient. Elements of objects in ruin often have complicated and diverse geometry, diffi cult and not completely secure access to all elements. The article presents methods that can be helpful in the stocktaking of such objects. Each method describes the necessary equipment and instruments, the method of taking measurements, accuracy, advantages, and limitations. The paper also presents examples of application for selected methods.

27-33

Authors: Karolina Krupa, Piotr Gleń

The palace in Krzesimów was built in the classicist style at the beginning of 19th century. The building is the part of the palace-park complex entered into the register of monuments because of its historical, aesthetical and landscape values. From 1970s, it is the headquarters of a social welfare home. Over the years, this function enforced many changes in the functional layout of the building to adapt it to the needs of people with various types and levels of disability. Despite many minor renovations and modifi cations, the palace didn’t undergo complete overhaul, which would greatly improve the technical condition of the original fabric. This aim of article is to analyse introduced functional changes, which were supposed to facilitate the use of the building by the handicapped, and to consider what actions must be undertaken in order to improve its technical condition. The authors of the paper underline the need to start renovation works on the basis of the archive documentation, as well as conducted survey and research of its current technical condition.

47-55

Authors: Agnieszka Lal

Frequent issue in the practice of soil engineering is the fi ll soil compactibility. The uniformity coeffi cient Cu of the Sand, Sand-Gravel and Gravel, that are the most common fi ll soil, is relatively low and usually is in the range of 2.5 – 4.0. These values allow to describe Sand, Sand-Gravel and Gravel as uniformly graded. The aim of the paper was to determine the impact of modifi cation of the grain size distribution of the non-cohesive soil – Medium Sand (MSa) on its compactibility. The loess silt, sampled in the territory of the Lublin city was used to modifi ed the Sand particle size distribution. Loess silt cover the considerable area of the Lublin, frequently in the surface zone. This ensures that loess silt could be reckoned as the easily accessible material. Laboratory tests were conducted on prepared samples of three kinds of soils – Medium Sand, Medium Sand combined with loess silt in the volume proportion of 1:1 and Medium Sand combined with loess silt in the volume proportion of 2:1. There were sieve and hydrometer analysis performed to quantify the percent fi ner by weight of grain size of prepared samples of the soils. As the result of grain size analysis particle size distribution curves were obtained. Estimated effective size D10 and D60 were used to determine the uniformity coeffi cient. The value of coeffi cient Cu for the Medium Sand was equal to 1.71 and it rose up to 21.8 (in case of Medium Sand combined with loess silt in the volume proportion of 1:1) and 13.3 (for the Medium Sand combined with loess silt in the volume proportion of 2:1). Obtained values suggest, that modifi cation of Sand grain size distribution with use of loess silt allows to classify received probes as soils with high compactibility. In order to prove this thesis Proctor tests were conducted. There were the same three kinds of the soil tested according to procedure I. Results indicate that Medium Sand with natural grain size distribution reached the maximum dry density of 1.751 g/cm3 at the optimum water content of 11.96 %. The maximum dry density of Medium Sand combined with loess silt in the volume proportion of 2:1 and 1:1 reached accordingly 2.079 and 2.076 g/cm3 at the optimum water content of about 7%. During Proctor test, there were plasticity of Medium Sand combined with loess silt in the volume proportion of 1:1 remarked, for the samples of water content greater than 14.25%. Increased plasticity prevents compaction of the examined soil with humidity above 14.25%, due to the deformations and cohesion. As the results of conducted laboratory tests, there were ascertained that modifi cation of the grain size distribution of Medium Sand with loess silt with volume proportion of 2:1 allows to reached the maximum compactibility. Therefore, combination of the Sand and relatively easily accessible loess could be used in soil engineering as the fi ll soil.

67-75

Authors: Olena Remizova, Natalya Novak

The postmodern architecture of the last third of the XX century saw a steady tendency of appealing to classical heritage aimed at combining modern technologies and historical associations with classical architecture. The work considers postmodern urban planning concepts of the late XX-the beginning of ХХI centuries. Methods of interpreting the order system in the architecture of postmodernism are analyzed by comparing such theoretical concepts as R. Bofi ll›s industrial classicism, the new urbanism of L. and R. Krier, the theory of the city by Aldo Rossi. Architects postmodernists searching for sense and architectural language began to address to the historical past, using signs and images of classical architecture. Leaders of postmodern movement, trying to return to architecture the «eternal values» lost by modernism, opened a way for new creative searches and transformation of the order system elements. Its representatives were attracted by the «double code» of the order architecture, which allowed to solve complex town-planning problems. Postmodernism declared the idea of «architecture parlante». The notion of «postmodern classicism» disguised the compositional search for dialogue with any classical epoch – antiquity, renaissance, baroque, classicism itself. The order language of these epochs, possessing a tremendous potential of utterance, allowed the architect to create all the new meanings and texts. The article discusses the change of semantic meanings occurring in modern urbanism, the interpretation of order compositions, the notion of «order tradition» and the expansion of the semantics of the order system in historical and cultural context. The article shows that the theory of postmodernism actualized the notion of «order tradition» and expanded the semantics of the order system by its application in modern city planning concepts.

87–102

Authors: Mykola Bevz

The town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) belongs to the late Renaissance foundations of private resident towns in Western Ukraine (Halychyna region) from the late 16th century. In accordance with historical sources, this city was founded by Stanisław Żółkiewski [2] in 1594. Urban-spatial structure of the town was designed according to the Renaissance ideal city. The city has a well-preserved original planning structure and a number of architectural monuments that are associated with it. The city consisted of two conjugated parts: the owner’s castle and the fortifi ed middletown. The combination of these two parts was of a specifi c nature – when the central square of the town is combined with the facade of the castle complex. On the base of the historical and urban studies presented the hypothesis that town of Zhovkva (Żółkiew) is an unique example of late Renaissance urbanism. The start of town build was in 1594 according to a project based on the concept of “ideal town” from the book of Italian architect Pietro Cataneo. We are thinking, that the author of the project and plan of town was Paolo Clamensi – Italian architect, worked in Lviv at the end of 16th century. The towns have a well-preserved original Renaissance planning structure and a number of architectural monuments that are connected with it.

121-140

Authors: Andrzej Flaga

The work concerns dynamic similarity criteria of various phenomena occurring in wind engineering, snow engineering and fl uid dynamics derived from ratios of forces and forces moments affecting these phenomena. Derived and analyzed in part I dynamic similarity criteria, mainly concern the following steady problems: 1. Fluid fl ows and fl ows past objects ; 2. Fluid-solid contact problems; 3. Problems of a solid fl oating on a fl uid with and without of the surface waves.

171-179

Authors: Damian Wiśniewski, Milena Selke, Anna Smolińska, Mieczysław Słowik

The article presents the results of the tests of hot mix asphalt (HMA) modi-fi ed with the addition of crumb rubber granulate using the dry method. This modifi cation consisted in the applying of rubber granules into the aggregate mixture, replacing a 0/2 mm fraction of the basalt aggregate. The tests were carried out for the Asphalt Concrete to be used in binder course of a road pavement (AC16W 50/70). There were 5 types of HMA analyzed: without the addition of rubber granules as well as with 1% or 2% (in relation to the weight of the aggregate mix) of activated with a grain size up to 2 mm and non-activated rubber granules with the same grain size. The activation process was carried out using an electro-magnetic mill with a microwave generator, centrifugal rotor mill with supersonic speed and auxiliary equipment. For each analyzed mixture type, density, bulk density, air voids and resistance to water and frost were determined. On the basis of the research, it was observed that the addition of crumb rubber granules to HMA adversely affects the air voids content causing its increase. The addition of crumb rubber granulate also affects the resistance of HMA to water and frost, but the quantitative changes depend on the amount of added crumb rubber granulate.

181-188

Authors: Kamil Maciuk

The development of navigation satellite systems allows them to be used in many areas of trade, services and industry. This development is strongly visible in industries related to logistics and transportation where car navigation is becoming a standard for all kinds of vehicles. In this paper the author discusses navigation satellite systems, the princi-ple of their operation and presents analysis of possible applications in businesses related to logistics and transport.