European Journal of Psychological Studies

4-11

Authors: Anton V. Fefilov

The psychological types in C.G. Yung, H.J. Eysenck, M. Lusher, N. Herrmann and M.J. Chalvin’ theories are analyzed. Extraversion and introversion, logical and intuitive intellectual processes, neurotismus and psychotismus, heteronomous, homonomous (autonomous), as basically definitionsand its genesis are discussed. Principally new individual characteristics’ typologies and psycho diagnostics methods are analyzed and discussed too.

21-26

Authors: Elena A. Volodarskaya

Тhe work is devoted to discussion of new requirements for competences of research scientists in the new conditions of functioning of domestic science. The position of competence approach refers to such aspects as the skills progress of scientific knowledge in connection with the integration of science and education, communicative methods of persuasive influence and conflict resolution in the framework of the negotiation process, ability to organize and conduct educational tours within the scientific and educational tourism. If previously it was about interpersonal communication with colleagues within the research team, but now the emphasis is transferred to the communication scholar, not only with representatives of other fields of knowledge, but by laymen as interested in scientific knowledge (knowledge-intensive business), as well as with representatives of public authorities , the media and the public. It involves the development of communication skills, skills persuasive impact, the resolution of conflicts within the framework of the negotiation process. These competences are for the most part new to the traditional teachings. New competencies demanded of the scientist based on changes of the education system and of training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. The creation of research universities is associated with increased integration of science and education, transfer of accumulated knowledge as they say "first hand", from the researcher to student-student. In this regard, the professionally important quality of a scientist is his ability to simply and clearly explain complex to adapt, but not to dilute the essence of the subject. It is important to be able to inspire, to interest the younger generation. It is important not only erudition and intelligence, but also enthusiasm, personal charisma and leadership. Modern technology aimed at improving human life; affect the ethical, moral, philosophical issues, i.e. social aspects of the expression. The social side of scientific and technological progress becomes a full element of techno science, particularly in the form of bioethics, Nanette. In this regard, the most important function of the scientific community becomes a scientific education, and promotion of knowledge about the possibilities of the current level of technological development. Therefore, the competence of the promotion of their own research interests not only among fellow scientists, but also in a wider social circle, it seems relevant and significant. One of the areas of promotion, popularization of the science in general, and the Russian Academy of Sciences is a scientific tourism. In Soviet times, "scientific tourism", as an independent direction came in 1980 at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Geographical Society as part of the local history and tourism of the Presidium of the Company subsequently converted to the Commission, the Commission of scientific tourism. Russian Academy of Sciences, Research Institute has developed a system, expeditions parks, stations, etc., are actively involved in activities to attract a wide range of people to visit these scientific forms. To this end, Russian Academy of Sciences jointly with the Russian International Academy of Tourism created a scientific agency tours whose main task is to ensure that the results of the original Russian explorers became the property to not only fellow professionals but also a wide range of stakeholders in the scientific knowledge of the fans. The new competence of the Russian scientists is manifested in the ability to organize and conduct this type of innovative tours in the framework of scientific tourism. Form of self-actualization for a scientist can be as follows: first, the demonstration and qualified explanation about scientific objects; secondly, the attraction of tourists as assistants in the restoration work, archaeological expeditions, biological studies, in the reserves; third, the cooperation with scientists from independent scientific research tourists. The role of RAS and scientists – to provide interesting, reliable, attractive. This activity differs considerably from traditional scientific research. The Scientific formed among other researchers, learning the traditions of scientific research and personal knowledge, broadcast in the texts, scientific communication with colleagues, and therefore it is important to determine not only what should be a future scientist. However, to understand what the requirements are to have already formed scientists continue to work in science. From the standpoint of the competence approach, the level of education in modern conditions is determined not so much by the amount of knowledge, their encyclopedic character, as the ability to solve professional problems and tasks of different complexity based on existing knowledge. Тhe substantial component of science - it is an internal logic of its development, associated today with interdisciplinary, interdisciplinary, technologization, a change of attitude of the scientist and nature. The socio-cultural context is associated with the strengthening of requirements for scientific productivity, organization and management science. Which resulted in radical reform of the RAS. All these phenomena have impact on individual level in changes of important psychological personality characteristics of effective scientist, in particular, of new professional competences. Social psychology of science, drawing on the rich theoretical, methodological and empirical baggage, takes into account and describes new trends in the functioning of science as a social institution, the individual scientist and research groups, allowing it to retain its social relevance and predictability.