Theoretical & Applied Science

1-4

Authors: Gennady Evgenievich Markelov

A mathematical model of a technical system was obtained using a unified approach to building a working mathematical model. The technical system provides for the parallel connection of positive temperature coefficient thermistors. The built mathematical model possesses the properties of fullness, adequacy, productivity and economy to a sufficient degree. The use of such a model reduces the time and costs spent on research and makes efficient use of the mathematical modelling capabilities.

9-47

Authors: Daniil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Artur Alexandrovich Blagorodov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Stanislav Matveevich Zverev ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

The article examines the role of the leader of the enterprise team to ensure their effective activities in the production of demanded import-substituting products, for which the Authors have designated such a list of competencies that the leader - the head of the enterprise team must have in order to be able to successfully fulfill the goals and objectives formulated before him, in order to ensure to this very enterprise both the successful execution of production for consumers of demanded products, and being able to answer for failure to fulfill its obligations, only in such an alliance is it possible to guarantee the successful operation of the light industry enterprises of the regions of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District on filling their markets with demanded and competitive products. The results of such studies confirmed the justification for understanding that the head of the enterprise.

52-55

Authors: Firuza Mukhiddinovna Abdurakhmanova

The purpose of this article is to study the influence of psychosomatic factors on translation from Uzbek into English and to identify the subject in the scientific literature. The article is devoted to the psycholinguistic approach to translation, which can form the basis for further theoretical and experimental research in this field.

64-67

Authors: Nusratulla Hamidovich Abdullaev

The genre of the cartoon is studied in this article, its history and significance are covered. The structure, formation and development of the Uzbek satirical magazine “Mushtum” is considered. At the same time, the activities and achievements of the Uzbek cartoonist artists were revealed.

74-79

Authors: Anvar Djuraevich Djuraev ; Shokhzod Sunattulla o’g’li Chuliev

Mechanical engineering is one of the most important industries in the industrial complex of our country. Therefore, the plans for the economic development of the industrial complex of Uzbekistan provide for an increase in the output of engineering products by at least 1.4 times, an increase in the range and renewal of its structure. The solution of this problem is possible with the widespread use of progressive technologies, equipment and tooling, mechanization and automation mean that correspond to modern achievements in science and technology. In turn, measures to modernize the means of production in mechanical engineering make it possible to improve the quality of manufactured products and make them competitive with the best samples of products on the world market.

83-86

Authors: Baxtiyor Allanazarovich Muratov

Over the years of independence, the State Museum of History of Uzbekistan has established international cultural and scientific ties with museums in such countries as the USA, Germany, South Korea, Kazakhstan, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Russia, Japan, etc.

90-92

Authors: Mohira Zhumakulovna Karimova ; Makhfurat Khalilovna Nurmatova

When interpreting a work of art, it is important to note that language expressive means in fiction are not a simple accumulation of elements belonging to different levels of language. They often interact with each other within individual levels and at different levels, reflecting systemic relations characteristic of the language in the images created. In the process of learning the stylistic analysis of texts, the fact that images, ideas, events important for the text are transmitted not by one isolated stylistic device, but by their whole complex is often not taken into account. Expressive syntax plays an important role in creating the expressiveness of a literary text. Due to the complexity and diversity of the stylistic functions of syntactic expressive means (VS) and stylistic devices (SP), the expressive fabric of the work is created. When mastering the techniques of stylistic analysis of a work of art, it is necessary not only to identify what expressive means the author uses, but also to answer the question of how linguistic means are used and why they were selected. [1, 15]

136-139

Authors: Nilufar Abdurashidovna Abdurashidova

In today’s digital age, online learning has become an inseparable facet of the education and we, educators cannot imagine academic learning procedures without an access to online learning. Although the phrase “online learning” is no longer contemporary, today’s leaders in online learning are making progress in the technological evolution of education. So, why has online learning become a momentous trend in education?

149-162

Authors: D. A. Karshiev ; F. A. Muradov ; V.N. Shirinov

The aim of this paper is to simulate the process of harmful impurities spread in the surface layer of the atmosphere. A model of industrial emissions spread in the atmosphere was developed taking into account the rate of deposition of fine particles, described using a multidimensional partial differential equation with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The basic laws of hydrothermodynamics were used in deriving the model. To numerically solve the problem, the method of splitting into physical processes (transfer, diffusion, and absorption of harmful particles) was used, as well as an implicit finite-difference scheme in time of the second order of accuracy. Analysis of the results of computational experiments shows that the developed computational algorithm provides sufficient accuracy of the solution compared with field measurement data and has a certain advantage over other numerical methods. In the course of computational experiments, the degree of influence of such parameters as wind velocity (speed) and direction on the process of aerosol particles spread in the atmosphere was established; as well as absorption coefficient and physicomechanical properties of particles.

170-178

Authors: Vasily Ilich Solomatov ; Alisher Urokovich Mamajonov ; Elmurod Muxammadyakubovich Yunusaliev ; Latifjon Muxsinovich Qosimov

In concrete at the macro level, technological defects appear under the influence of aggregates, and control the nature of concrete cracking by regulating the adhesive-cohesive bond forces along the interfaces between the matrix material and fillers, the number and methods of placing the latter, as well as the ratio of the rate of structure formation of the matrix and the kinetics of deformation processes in it.

183-186

Authors: Gulira''no Karimzhon kizi Muminova

A diaphragmatic hernia can be formed if, through an existing and expanded opening in the diaphragm, the peritoneum protrudes into the chest cavity, forming a hernial sac, which includes some organ of the abdominal cavity (more often the stomach or intestine). Diaphragmatic hernias are more common on the left, cause swallowing disorders, unpleasant sensations after eating, there may be pain in the heart or in the abdomen, but they often occur completely unnoticed. The most important sign of a hernia is dextrocardia and symptoms resembling a left-sided pneumothorax (weakening of breathing, tympanic percussion tone).

201-205

Authors: Dilbar Negmatovna Alimdjanova ; Doniyor Vakhobjonovich Berdiev

The article discusses the identification of theoretical foundations of comparative pedagogical studies of education systems in Uzbekistan and foreign countries, analyzes overseas theories. Research in the field of comparative pedagogy aimed at studying the state, models and trends in the development of pedagogical theory and practice of upbringing and Education in different countries of the world and in different historical era, the definition of forms, ways and borders of the transfer of international experience in pedagogical and school practices predicting future models of education. Currently, the reform of secondary education in Uzbekistan implements more individual ideas and democratization of education, as well as a distinctive feature of Uzbek schools, is legally approved by the right to transition of students from one school to another depending on their abilities.

210-213

Authors: Nozim Аzizovich Мamatakhunov

This article provides information about Abu Nasr al-Iyadi, a Hanafi scholar who lived and worked in Samarkand in the 9th century, and the Iyad dynasty. The article also provides a brief account of the “Dar al-Juzjaniya” and “Dar al-Iyadiya” schools that existed during the time of Abu Nasr al-Iyadi. For example, as a result of “Dar al-Juzjaniya”'s focus on ray’, Abu Akhmad al-Iyadi approved ashab al-hadith and founded his own school, “Dar al-Iyadiya”. The article also briefly describes that he was criticized by his mentor Abu Mansur al-Maturidi.

223-225

Authors: Denis Chemezov ; Anzhelika Bayakina ; Marina Sergeeva ; Egor Tuykin ; Ivan Proshin ; Nikolay Kornev ; Emil Akhmetov ; Vyacheslav Matveev

The deformation degree of concrete (strength up to 140 MPa) upon impact of the steel bullet flying at an initial speed of 720 m/s was investigated in the article. Temperature, plastic and elastic deformations of concrete in the direction of load were considered.

230-234

Authors: A.M. Kasimakhunova ; M.A. Shakhodjaev

The paper under discussion describes the method of teaching young students the procedures for preparing, designing and manufacturing experimental equipment, as well as methods of processing the obtained results of researching the operating characteristics of solar converters. Particular attention is paid to inculcating research skills in gifted pupils and teaching them the accuracy of measurements, as well as compliance with safety rules when working with electric current.

266-268

Authors: Iroda Avezovna Hojieva

This article was prepared on the basis of the research work "Improving innovative methods for projecting social media marketing (SMM) training in the digital economy" (on the example of economic universities), there were written about its relevance and necessity, object and subject, level of study, and expected results.

275-279

Authors: A.B. Azhiev ; G.B. Uzakbaeva

The article provides the scientific basis for the protection of wild relatives of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, both individual species and populations. Studies have shown that 171 species of wild relatives of cultivated plants have been recorded in the studied territory, among which 3 species are endemic. Occasionally occurring species – 10, i.e. 1,7 part. It is proposed to declare as natural monuments the population of the soft-leaved cretum, prickly almond and Sandy acacia. The protection of species, as well as the protection of the population of valuable relict species as natural monuments, allows covering 109 species (or 63.7%) of 171 wild relatives of cultivated plants of Karakalpakstan. And only 62 species of wild relatives of cultivated plants (or only 36.3%) remain out of protection, but these species have a very extensive range.

288-292

Authors: Voxid Sobirovich Xamidov ; Rabbim Mikhlievich Yusupov

There are now electronic publications in almost all industries. But not all of them are useful. Information may only be needed when it is used. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to this aspect in the preparation of electronic textbooks. Currently, the use of hypermedia systems in the field of new information technologies is developing. At the heart of such technologies is the idea of expanding and deepening the traditional teaching text on the basis of more advanced teaching material and replacing it with the use of courses and animated boards. In this case, the interconnected nodes are formed between the text sheets, which in one way or another are separated. According to experts, hypertext imitates the ability of the human intellect to remember large amounts of information and to search through this information through the association of communication processes and thinking processes. In other words, hypertext is a complex system of organized learning materials that combines a lot of statistical and dynamic information and has a generalized network structure. In this case, the importance of information boards is played by text, graphics, diagrams, videos, executables and animations (moving process). Texts, in turn, are made up of smaller texts that can be nested as many times as a “matryoshka” (“puppet in a puppet”) puppet. . Transition from one text to another is carried out through a certain relationship, which is part of the multimedia electronic textbook. In addition to text interactions, there should be links between text and video, text and executable software, and text and animation effects. These links will also be given in the form of ratios listed in a set of known ratios.

307-315

Authors: Alisher Jurakulovich Siddikov

This article develops threshold values of indicative indicators for diagnosing the macroeconomic balance of Uzbekistan based on the current criteria for economic security, developed by international organizations, research institutes, foreign and local scientists, by adapting them to the socio-economic conditions of the country's development. In addition, in order to develop a critical level of indicators for assessing the country's macroeconomic balance, the author of this study, by calculating critical values and expert assessment, expanded the composition of economic security indicators by including indicators that indicate a certain degree of deviation from their balance level.

350-382

Authors: Daniil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Artyom Alexandrovich Tikhonov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

In the article, the authors consider the role of quality as a tool for promoting the philosophy of production quality of competitive and in-demand products at light industry enterprises located in the regions of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District. At the same time, the authors absolutely justifiably confirm the possibility of such an implementation. If innovation centers or clusters are implemented, saturated with universal and multifunctional equipment, creating the prerequisites for the production of the entire assortment of footwear, namely: men's, women's and, most importantly, children's shoes, the demand for which in the regions of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District is quite high. And the use of software will provoke a significant reduction in the cost of its production and provide it with a steady demand in domestic markets with unstable demand.And here it is important not to admit a serious methodological mistake - to reduce economic policy to economic analysis, and to maintain the spirit of solidarity in the team - one for all and all for one - and success will surely find the seeker.

390-392

Authors: Ulugbek Shavkatovich Usmonov

This article scientifically highlights the stages of development and historical aspects of sculpture in Uzbekistan. In particular, mature sculptors and works of art created in the field of sculpture in our country are analyzed. The styles and types of traditional sculpture, bas-relief, high relief, relief and examples of decorative sculpture are considered. It is shown that the sculptures found on the territory of the republic are made of various materials, such as stone, iron, bone, wood, plaster, clay, copper, gold, silver, and the significance of this type of art. In recent years, positive changes in the field of monumental sculpture have been reflected in our country.

435-472

Authors: Daniil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Artyom Alexandrovich Tikhonov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

in the article, the authors considered the possibilities of producing competitive and demanded products, which are possible only if there are managers who are professionally trained and motivated for the results of their activities. And understandable are the studies carried out by the authors of the objective reasons for the unsatisfactory state in the industry, which would justify this decline in production in light industry, therefore, the results of an assessment of economic policy should be either useful or harmful - this should always be an axiom. If this does not happen, then something in this very economic policy is not a professional decision, the actions are harmful to society and timely adjustments are needed. The authors recommend that the market revise the concept of forming it with popular and import-substituting goods, taking into account their availability to consumers of products in the domestic market. Such conclusions will fully correspond to the desire of the consumer to satisfy his desire and desire to make a purchase, taking into account his social status, providing manufacturers with the sale of their products in full and guaranteeing them sustainable TP from the results of their activities.

477-479

Authors: Abdulaziz Akhmadkhujaevich Akbarkhujaev

This article discusses the traditional principles of the Uzbek miniature school. In particular, the masters, schools and traditions of miniature art, the necessary styles when creating a miniature, composition, placement, symmetry, asymmetry, rhythm, proportion, module, differential, stylization, etc. are scientifically covered. Implementation of the principles of miniature painting in the art of painting with traditional varnish , the emergence of a new type of art in the creative practice of Uzbek artists - lacquer miniatures.

484-487

Authors: Gulruh Shermatova

This article describes in detail the role of a lawyer in the trial, his/her defender, the process of proving, collecting evidence and presenting it to the court. It is legally confirmed that in these processes a lawyer can, if possible, try to create relief for his client. As well as, the article provides information about the thirteenth section of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, this chapter deals with the proceedings in criminal cases of a separate category set out in Chapter 60 of this section, In accordance with the requirements of the Law On the Procedure for Criminal Proceedings in cases of juvenile crimes, which provides information about the role of a lawyer and the rights and obligations of a minor in court proceedings. Detailed information on how a lawyer protects a juvenile under his protection, with detailed legislation, is given in this article.

501-522

Authors: Daniil Sergeevich Shcherbakov ; Artyom Alexandrovich Tikhonov ; Vladimir Timofeevich Prokhorov ; Galina Yurievna Volkova

in the article The authors analyzed the possibilities of the policy and the goals of enterprises in the field of quality based on TORs within the framework of the QMS in order to fight for defect-free production, for reducing rejects and guaranteeing consumers a high quality of manufactured products. The use of software to assess the validity of the choice of innovative technological solutions for the production of import-substituting products by domestic enterprises creates the preconditions for its demand and competitiveness not only in the domestic market, but, which is especially important, in its export. The need to improve the quality management system at domestic enterprises is due to the following important reasons. Firstly, this is an increase in the confidence of potential consumers in the products that will be produced by domestic enterprises. Secondly, it is an opportunity to significantly strengthen its position in existing markets, as well as significantly expand the spheres of influence by entering new domestic and foreign markets. And thirdly, this is a significant increase in labor productivity of any industrial enterprise, which is supposed to introduce QMS with the use of effective management.

531-535

Authors: R.T. Ruzmetov

Quickly and late effects of training are observed dependently on sportsmen’s initial cerebrum alpha-rhythm power and on neurofeedback holding successfulness. The reduction of achieved training effects is gradually and heterochronic.

542-544

Authors: L.K. Samandarov

This article highlights the pedagogical and psychological aspects of teaching atomic and nuclear physics in the preparation of future physics teachers. The specific features of teaching atomic and nuclear physics in theoretical, laboratory and practical classes are analyzed.

553-556

Authors: Muqaddamkhon Ehsonova

The article discusses how the lingopoetic issues that been studied in world linguistics. Opinions and comments of well-known scholars on the goals and objectives, the essence of lingopoetics are given. The ideas are proven through illustrative examples. At the same time, it was noted that no serious research has been conducted in Uzbek linguistics on the lingopoetics of words related to borrowings and specific groups.

561-565

Authors: Zarinakhon Alikhonovna Azizova

The article examines the problem of non-emotivity of phraseological units based on the material of the modern German language. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of the concept of non-emotive phraseology and to show that phraseological units used in written (in official business and journalistic) discourse form a separate class in the system of non-emotive stable phrases with related semantics. [Tr.16]

570-572

Authors: Kifayat Balay Hajiyeva ; Khavar Huseynova

It was on the basis of a sudden raise of national movements in Armenia and Azerbaijan. In 2020 the period from September to November has become the bloodiest months since the end of Karabagh war in 1994. After the persistent fights, Azerbaijani troops at last could manage the control over the cities. On November 10. 2020, a joint statement on a complete cease- fire and on all the military operations in the territory of Nagorno- Karabagh conflict was issued.

581-584

Authors: Dildora Shuhratovna Mirdjalilova ; Elmira Alisher kizi Burhanova

During the years of independence, huge changes have taken place in our country. An important step has been taken from a tightly centralized economy of raw materials orientation to a multi-layered economy oriented to the market. This made it possible to stabilize the macroeconomic situation, increase industrial production, reduce inflation, achieve economic independence for vital types of products and create favorable conditions for the development of free enterprise. The process of development of market relations in the republic has led to the emergence of the need for specialists who possess the skills to ensure the full functioning of market structures. This led to the emergence of a number of new professions, one of which was the profession of an appraiser - an expert in assessing the value of various property objects. This article discusses the theoretical aspects of the application of the income approach in the evaluation of commercial real estate.

589-592

Authors: V.N. Atabegashvili ; M.G. Kechakmadze ; M.T. Shishinashvili ; G. A. Chubinidze

Work describes history and importance of waterproofing in bridge construction and use of modern materials in different countries of the world. Importance of installation quality and components in order to protect carriageway is described. Examples are given of experience of USA, Europe and Russia. Work also considers future challenges in the field and different types of materials. Advantages and disadvantages of materials in terms of technical and economic parameters are discussed. One part of work describes importance of waterproofing layer for bridges and its history, while use of modern materials is discussed in another part. In conclusion, work describes how important it is to use modern materials in Georgia and how worth it is to spend more funds for above mentioned components.

614-619

Authors: Mashhura Burhonova

In this article, the theory of cognitive linguistics includes the processes associated with the knowledge of man and his elements of the universe, the relationship between conceptual and linguistic landscapes as a result of human perception and perception of the elements of the universe through the senses, and the sum of concepts, the representation of concepts by various means of expression metaphors is a phenomenon associated with the process of cognition, which occurs on the basis of cognitive mechanisms of cognition, which leads to the formation of concepts such as cognitive poetics, cognitive metaphor.

625-628

Authors: Muzaffar Kutlukovich Ziyaev ; Rovshan Bohodir ugli Masharifov

During the years of independence, huge changes have taken place in our country (the Republic of Uzbekistan). An important step has been taken from a tightly centralized economy of raw materials orientation to a multi-layered economy oriented to the market. This made it possible to stabilize the macroeconomic situation, increase industrial production, reduce inflation, achieve economic independence for vital types of products and create favorable conditions for the development of free enterprise. This article analyzes the regulatory legal acts in the field of real estate valuation Republic of Uzbekistan and the application of the income approach in the evaluation of commercial real estate.

633-635

Authors: Ildar Urakovich Khatamov

In teaching and learning a language, especially, understanding and communicating in the language of any profession or subject matter requires much affords and education to build linguistic skills. Furthermore, it needs long-standing period of time to acquire and manage of what to accomplish. Besides, learning vocabulary or terminology of that field of study is fundamental and enables us to fully acquire what we want to express in action and put all theoretical knowledge into effect. This paper highlights the main peculiarities of obtaining profession through Russian language and concerns of scientists on the issues focusing on ways of acquisition second language of that field of learning.