Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine

Number 3(3), 2018

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Prevalence of intestinal helminthes in ruminants slaughtered at Abakaliki abattoir, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Authors: Ngele Kalu Kalu, Ebi Sowechi and Anuonye, Blessing C.

Abstract

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Helminthes parasites are one of the major causes of economic loss in ruminants all over the world, leading to decrease in number of ruminants mainly in developing countries. This study was aimed at identifying parasitic helminthes and its prevalence among ruminants slaughtered at Abakiliki abattoir. Fecal samples were collected using a screw capped universal container and examined using flotation techniques. Two hundred ruminants comprising 75 cattle, 75 sheep and 50 goats were examined for different species of helminthes parasites. The Cattle and sheep had prevalence of 89.3% each while goats had a prevalence of 72.0%. Single infections had a prevalence of 71.5% while multiple infections had a prevalence of 13.5%. Platyhelminthes and nematodes were recovered from the study, with nematode infection being more prevalent than the platyhelminthes. Bunostomum spp. had the highest prevalence of 34.7% among the nematode parasites recovered while Strongyloides spp. had the least prevalence of 1.0%. Taenia spp. and Fasciola spp. were the only platyhelminthes parasites recovered with prevalence of 17.0% and 6.5% respectively. In conclusion, the results show that there is high prevalence of helminthes infections among ruminants slaughtered at Abakaliki abattoir. Hence, there is need for constant inspection of animals during and after slaughtering by health officers before consumption.

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Review of Participatory Epizootiology Research of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia at the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (2007-2015)

Authors: Babalobi O. O. and Alhaji N. B.

Abstract

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This is a review of research application of Participatory Epizootiology to investigate Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia among pastoralists in Oyo State and Niger State, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2015, at the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan where the first author, a Veterinary Epidemiologist Lecturer/Researcher teaches Participatory Epizootiology Research as part of PVM 711: Advanced Epizootiology, a compulsory Course in the three Master degrees curriculum of the Department since 2004. He subsequently designed a PhD research project on the application of Participatory Epizootiology to the Igangan Grazing Reserve and got a University Senate Research SRG/FVM/2006/9A to that effect. In 2007, the Principal Veterinary Officer of the Faculty Eruwa Veterinary Field Station in Ibarapa East Local Government Area, Oyo State, south-western Nigeria, reported to the first author (then Chairman, Eruwa Veterinary Field Station), a suspected case of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia incidence at the Igangan Grazing Reserve. The diseased lung samples of dead infected cattle he brought were confirmed by gross and histopathological examinations at the Faculty’s Department of Veterinary Pathology. From 2011 to 2015, the second author adopted the PE PhD-design (with other conventional veterinary research approach) to investigate Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia prevalence in Niger State, North-central Nigeria, first for his Masters (2011), followed with a PhD (2015). Result indicated that Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in enzootic in Oyo and Niger State, Nigeria with a 77.67% of CBPP outbreaks in Niger State, Nigeria occurring in the dry season, and a prevalence of 8.73%. Participatory Epizootiology is a cheap, low capital involvement of traditional settler beneficiaries in identification of enzootic animal problems and their Community Based Animal Health training need. Participatory Epizootiology should be adopted in combination with conventional veterinary methods for effective Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia surveillance and control techniques in Africa.

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Studies on the surface ultrastructure of a snake tick, Amblyomma helvolum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Authors: Himadri Sikhar Ghosh, A. K. Sanyal and K. K. Misra

Abstract

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A detail surface ultrastructure study on both male and female Amblyomma helvolum, inhabiting on snakes were made by using scanning electron microscope. The study unraveled the clear sexual dimorphism of the tick. Details of the surface ultrastructure were compared with other ixodid tick species as reported so far. Some distinctive surface morphology of A. helvolum was recorded viz., arrangement of hypostomal dentition, pore distribution on scutal surface, presence of festoons, position of male and female genital organ, number of spurs on different appendicular coxa, structure of spiracle and Haller’s organ, number of sensilla on anterior pit of Haller’s organ and distribution of different ventral idiosomal plates were remarkably diverse between sexes. Absence of festoons at the posterior extremity of female tick and absence of eyes on the antero-lateral sides of the scutum of both sexes of this tick species are the main outcome of this present study, which may provide insight to the traditional identification key of the genus Amblyomma.