Tribology in Industry

10-18

Authors: A. Gupta, P.C. Mishra

Emission and friction are considered to be the significant contributors towards engine parasitic losses. Inherent engine design responsible for such irregularities is difficult to eliminate totally, as millions of engines operating in such principle cannot be replaced. Therefore, only partial modification is allowed to achieve slight improvement in fuel economy and performance improvement. Such improvement is possible through condition monitoring of IC engine through emission and friction analysis. Using an emission analyzer, the emission gases such as CO, CO2, NOx, HC, lambda (air fuel ratio) are monitored for three different petrol and methanol blend (M5, M10, M15). The brake power response to rpm for different torque and speed are monitored from the engine coupled with eddy current dynamo meter and mounted in a universal engine test bed. Friction power loss is numerically estimated through tribological principles and validated with experimental results.

52-65

Authors: Y. Tamerabet, M. Brioua, M. Tamerabet, S. Khoualdi

The removal of cutting fluids and lubrication in dry machining operations requires a good knowledge and full control of all the mechanisms that lead to tool damage. In order to optimize dry machining operations, it is necessary to clearly identify the wear patterns, determine the contact conditions and define the relationship between the contact parameters and the operating conditions. The idea is to choose optimal cutting conditions which lead to the best contact conditions limiting the triggering or aggravation of wear phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact multilayer coatings and cutting parameters on tool wear and temperature at the tool-chip interface for two types of coated carbides (KC810 and KC910 Commercialized inserts) during dry turning operation of carbon steel SAE 1030, in order to determine the ideal parameters and guarantee the best performances of the cutting tools. Cutting temperature, Crater and Flank wear have been systematically recorded in order to determine their influence on tool life time. To ensure the optimum choice of machining conditions; the TAGUCHI method associated to multi-factorial method were applied to plan the experiments. It has been noted that cutting speed was the most influential factor on temperature and wear evolution. We noted also that the KC810 insert was more suitable for machining of SAE 1030 Carbon Steel; where The best life time was registered (T=228 min). The KC810 inserts offer 30 min of additional machining time for the same work conditions.

73-80

Authors: V. Kamburov, R. Dimitrova, M. Kandeva

The aim of the study was to investigate an aluminium metal matrix surface layer hardfaced by shielded gas metal arc welding processes applying either metal inert gas (MIG) or tungsten inert gas (TIG), with standard wire filler onto the precoated flux layer – a baked resistant film containing electroless nickel coated micro/nano SiC particles. During baking, the components of the flux (MgCl2, NaCl, KCl and Na3AlF6) form a low melting eutectic, which: protects the hardfaced surface from oxidation, provides electrical conductance and keeps the particles on the surface during welding, as well as facilitates particles wettability and their interfacial bonding with the molten metal into the weld puddle. The hardfaced layers were studied by NDT, SEM and EDX, as well as nanoindentation and wear resistance tests. The results from the non-destructive radiographic test show lack of imperfections, porosity and slag inclusions only after TIG hardfaced using nano SiC particles. The wear resistance increased from 25 % (TIG) up to 71 % (MIG), which was due to the presence of the incorporated in the hardfaced layer reinforced phase of electroless nickel coated micro/nano SiC particles. The obtained wear resistance test results correspond to the obtained hardness test values.

92-99

Authors: M.H. Faidh-Allah

The repeated engagements were made by the friction clutch in the realistic applications to reach the desirable speed. The traditional theoretical method to compute the temperature field specifically the maximum temperature appeared in the surfaces of the friction clutch disc only during the single engagement is bootlicker to obtain a successful design which meets the demands today. The temperature fields were computed during 6 consecutive engagements when the full engagement period was 5s. Three dimensional model of the friction surface of clutch disc was build based on finite element technique to determine the thermal behavior of friction clutch system. The contact pressure between the contact surfaces was supposed uniform during all engagements. It was found that repeated engagements have a great influence on the surface temperature.

108-116

Authors: B. Dan-asabe, A. Stephen

A composite of periwinkle shell powder, palm kernel shell powder, phenolic resin and other additives was developed in a form of a pad. Specimen composite samples were produced by compression at a temperature of 140 ͦC and mixture design using Design Expert software was used to analyse and optimise the samples. Mathematical models of the compressive stength, hardness and density were developed and statistically validated. Comparison of the models with experimental results showed that the compressive strength suited best with the cubic model, the hardness fitted with quadratic while the density agreed with all the models but suited best with cubic model. Optimized formulation with an objective of maximization compressive strength and hardness and minimization of the density was determined at 10.02, 10.78, 59.20 and 20 % of periwinkle shell powder (filler), palm kernel shell powder (filler), phenolic resin (matrix) and additives respectively.

129-138

Authors: H.F. Abo-Hatab, N.G. Kandile, H.M. Salah

ZDDP (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate) is one of the most commonly used petroleum additives as anti-wear, anti-rust and anti-oxidant but it has some environmental problems, so there is a must to find alternative eco-friendly compounds which can replace some of these conventional used petroleum additives. In this study, new compatible mixtures from different natural sources using phospholipids were prepared and their solubility in mineral base oils was evaluated to achieve complete solubility. Some of the prepared mixtures were characterized by FT-IR and then evaluated as anti-rust and anti-oxidant additives for lubricating oils according to standard test methods such as rust preventing characteristics and RPVOT (Rotary Pressure Vessel Oxidation test) for oxidation stability evaluation. The results of evaluation showed an excellent opportunity of widely usage of the vegetable oils derivatives specially Soy Lecithin (SL) in petroleum industry as multifunctional petroleum additives.

149-155

Authors: Z. Tkáč, J. Kosiba, Ľ. Hujo, J. Jablonický, J. Nosian

The goal of this paper is the verification measurement of the proposed laboratory testing device for operation monitoring and assessment of both the hydraulic circuit components and the energy carrier used. The goal is to test the operation of a proposed hydraulic circuit within the range of selected working pressures, flows and working fluid temperatures using the QHD-17R tractor hydraulic pump, which is used in hydraulic drive systems of agricultural and forestry tractors. By the verification measurement, we proved that the proposed laboratory testing device is suitable for testing hydraulic circuit components, as well as, potentially, for testing and monitoring the changes in physical properties of hydraulic fluids.