International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering

3

Authors: Nikhil Jain and Vishal Sharma

ABSTRACT : In this paper, the main area of concentration was to optimize the rules generated by Association Rule Mining (apriori method), using Genetic Algorithms. In general the rule generated by Association Rule Mining technique do not consider the negative occurrences of attributes in them, but by using Genetic Algorithms (GAs) over these rules the system can predict the rules which contains negative attributes. The main motivation for using GAs in the discovery of high-level prediction rules is that they perform a global search and cope better with attribute interaction than the greedy rule induction algorithms often used in data mining. The improvements applied in GAs are definitely going to help the rule based systems used for classification as described in results and conclusions.

4

Authors: Sunit Kumar and Deepti Rani

ABSTRACT : The present work addresses channel estimation based on the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Least Square (LS) criteria and also considers time-domain channel statistics. It presents an optimal criterion for the pilots, and corresponding optimal designs enabling complexity reductions. Using a general model for a slowly fading channel, the MMSE and LS estimators and a method for modifications compromising between complexity and performance is presented. The symbol error rate for a 16-QAM system is estimated by means of simulation results. MMSE (minimum mean square error) and LS (least square) estimators are also examined. The MMSE estimator has good performance but high complexity. The LS estimator has low complexity, but its performance is not as good as that of the MMSE estimator. Comparison is done for both types of estimators for channel estimation and the results are observed, considering the performances of channel estimators according to their behavior to symbol error rate. Therefore, SNR of different estimators is studied corresponding to the particular SER value. OFDM-based systems are generally used in time varying frequency selective fading channels. In order to achieve the potential advantages of OFDM-based systems, the channel coefficients should be estimated with minimum error. Finally, it is concluded that modified estimators give better performance than the ordinary estimators in OFDM systems.

4

Authors: Astha Sharma and Prof. Amol Barve

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the controlling of model of a four rotor vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned air vehicle known as the quad-rotor aircraft. The paper presents two controlling methods for the flight control of an autonomous quad rotor. The dynamic model of the quad-rotor, which is an under actuated aircraft with fixed four pitch angle rotors, will be described. The controlling of a quad rotor vehicle is not an easy task because of its complex structure. The aim is to develop a control of the vehicle is easy. This paper explains the developments of a PID (proportional integral-derivative) control method and fuzzy logic control method to obtain stability in flying the Quadrotor flying object. In model there four input forces which are basically the thrust provided by each propeller connected to each rotor with fixed angle. Forward (backward) motion is going to maintain by increasing (decreasing) speed of front (rear) rotor speed while decreasing (increasing) rear (front) rotor speed simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to give enhance performance of quad-rotor.

4

Authors: Dr. T.K. Bandhopadhyay, Manish Saxena* Krishna Kant Nayak** and Sonal Dixit***

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a technique to estimate the noise due to electromagnetic waves emitted from electrical appliances working nearby the digital communication system and study their impact towards digital communication systems by using the amplitude probability distribution (APD). A unique noise APD pattern is obtained from each measurement of noise due to electromagnetic induction from electrical appliances. The noise envelope and its APD is useful for noise modeling and simulation, from which we can estimate the degradation on digital communication performance

5

Authors: Anubuti Khare*, Manish Saxena** and Bhagwati Patil**

ABSTRACT : An election algorithm is an algorithm for solving the coordinator election problem. Various algorithms require a set of peer processes to elect a leader or a coordinator. It can be necessary to determine a new leader if the current one fails to respond. Provided that all processes have a unique identification number, leader election can be reduced to finding the non crashed process with the highest identifier. Garcia-Molina's Bully Algorithm is a classic solution to leader election in synchronous systems with crash failures. In this paper, we will presented an efficient version of bully algorithm to minimize the redundancy in electing the coordinator, to reduce the recovery problem of a crashed process in distributed systems and thus to maximize the effectiveness of traditional bully algorithm.

5

Authors: Shilpa Marathe and M. Zahid Alam

ABSTRACT: OFDM is multiplexing technique used in WiMAX standards as it is always challenging to find FPGA solution because of its area and operating frequency. We have developed Interleaver which plays a vital role in improving the performance of FEC (Forward Error Correction Codes) codes in terms of Bit Error Rate over wireless channel. The proposed work justify the efficient structure for interleaver by address generation using FSM and data path control i.e. interaction with memory using multiplexers. The interleaver design with the integrated PRBS is developed using VHDL. The implementation of PRBS generator is based on the linear feedback shift register, which consists of ‘n’ master slave flip-flops. The PRBS generator produces a predefined sequence of 1's and 0's, with 1 and 0 occurring with the same probability.

6

Authors: S.K. Gandhi* and Pawan Kumar Thakur*

ABSTRACT : An election algorithm is an algorithm for solving the coordinator election problem. Various algorithms require a set of peer processes to elect a leader or a coordinator. It can be necessary to determine a new leader if the current one fails to respond. Provided that all processes have a unique identification number, leader election can be reduced to finding the non crashed process with the highest identifier. Garcia-Molina's Bully Algorithm is a classic solution to leader election in synchronous systems with crash failures. In this paper, we will presented an efficient version of bully algorithm to minimize the redundancy in electing the coordinator, to reduce the recovery problem of a crashed process in distributed systems and thus to maximize the effectiveness of traditional bully algorithm.

7

Authors: Babita Saxena, Alok Dubey and Sandeep Shrivastava

ABSTRACT: This paper describes various methods of generation of microwave chaos signal spectrum origin from certain continuous dynamical systems – that may exhibit dynamics of signals that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. Many side lobes in chaos signal spectrum which makes the unambiguous detection difficult because of the spectrum of the chaotic signal is not very fat and smooth, with pulsation peaks in it, has been reduced and hence spectrum is improved in some extent using optimum algorithm for parameter selection of microwave colpitts oscillator, and adjusting them for getting more flat spectrum. This happens even though these systems are deterministic, meaning that their future dynamics are fully defined by their initial conditions, with no random elements involved. This paper also describe whole scenario of chaotic signals and system generates these signals.

10

Authors: Pravin B Patil and Prof . Shabahat Hasan

ABSTRACT: Fingerprint verification systems may be circum- vented by fake fingerprints produced using inexpensive materials like gelatin or silicon. An efficient countermeasure against these attacks is given by liveness detection. In the recent literature, different algorithms for detecting signs of vitality have been proposed. The cheapest techniques are software-based and utilize acquired fingerprint images in order to extract static or dynamic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a novel software-based solution for liveness detection based on static features coming out from the visual texture of the image. The reported results show that the use of our features effectively improves the discriminative power (between live and fake fingerprints) achieved by the algorithms proposed during the Liveness Detection Competition 2009.