International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering

4

Authors: Vinkar Rao Dongre and Prof. M.P. Parsai

ABSTRACT: We have recently witnessed the bomb blast in Jammu which killed and left many injured, left the world in shell shock and Indians in terror. This situation is not limited in India but it can happen anywhere and an time in the world. The detection of weapon concealed underneath a person’s clothing is an important obstacle to the improvement of security of the general public as well as safety of public asset like airport, railway station and building. It is desirable to detect concealed weapon from a standoff distance, when it is impossible to arrange the flow of people through a controlled procedure .The goal is the eventual deployment of automatic detection and recognition of concealed weapon. It is a technological challenge that requires innovative solution in sensor technology and image processing. A number of sensors based on different phenomenology as well as image processing support are being developed to observe objects underneath peoples’ clothing. So fusion algorithm is proposed for early and automatic detection of weapon. The feasibility of the proposed fusion technique is demonstrated by some experimental results.

4

Authors: Swati Sikarwar* and Amol Barve*

ABSTRACT: In this paper we give review of discrete PI and PID control have found high applications in most of the nonlinear systems like the electric motor drives. Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) parameters controller for vector control of induction motor. The l parameters for current loop, flux loop, and speed loop as functioned required settling time and motor parameters will be computed by the proposed method of reliability & performance of the AC drive increases. This paper presents a discrete PI and PID control based speed controller and its design for vector controlled induction motor drive.

4

Authors: Ravi Kumar Sahu* and Nitin Saxena*

ABSTRACT: This paper presents for discuses how Static Var Compensator (SVC) has successfully been applied to control transmission systems dynamic performance for system disturbance and regulate system voltage and power flow models of static Var compensator (SVC) and current Sourced Inverter (CSI) based Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controllers. SVC is basically a shunt compensative device. The static Var generator whose output is adjustable limits to exchange capacitive or inductive current so as to maintain or control specific power variable; typically, the control variable is the SVC bus voltage. One of the major reasons for installing a SVC is to improve dynamic performance control and thus increase system reliability. 'This paper presents a control block diagram of SVC for the dynamics performance improvement. The MATLAB/SIMULINK model is used for simulation of test system. In this paper the SVC is connected to shunt with the 220KV line for a typical two machine transmission system. Due to its simplicity, robustness and easy implementation, proportional integral derivative (PID) controller along with feedback signals are used to control the inverter firing angle and hence control the reactive power exchange between the AC system and the SVC.

5

Authors: Ghanshyam Vishwakarma and Nitin Saxena

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses improving the voltage stability limit of power flow between two different regions in an electric power system using the Fixed capacitor Thyristor controlled reactor (FCTCR) or Static Var Compensator (SVC). Modelling and simulation of Static Var Compensator (SVC) for power system stability enhancement and improvement of power transfer capability have been presented in this paper. First, power flow results are obtained and then power (real and reactive power) profiles have been studied for an uncompensated system and then compared with the results obtained after compensating the system using the above-mentioned SVC device. The simulation results demonstrate the performance of the system in improving the power profile and thereby voltage stability of the same. All simulations have been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A methodology for determining the power flow margin is simply briefed.

5

Authors: Pravin J Chaudhari*, Krishna Kant Nayak** and Manish Saxena**

ABSTRACT: In this paper we show the Channel coding plays a very important role in OFDM systems performance. The structure of OFDM systems makes channel coding more effective in confronting fading channels. Sometimes Coded OFDM is known as COFDM. The role of channel coding in conjunction with frequency and time interleaving is to provide a link between bits transmitted on separated carriers of the signal spectrum, in such a way that the information conveyed by faded carriers can be reconstructed in the receiver. Frequency selectivity, currently known to be a disadvantage, is then turned into an advantage that can be called frequency diversity. Using Channel State Information (CSI), channel coding can yield some additional gain. Channel state information is frequency response of the channel or signal to noise ratio in each carrier. This paper presents Space-Time Coded OFDM system consisting of two transmitters and a single receiver. Simple space time code is used. 4- PSK modulation is used to modulate the symbols across an OFDM channel. We also proposed a variation of the scheme which tries to spread additional symbols across time frequency attempting to increase the rate of transmission without changing the type of modulation employed or increasing the bandwidth. A Rayleigh frequency selective slow fading channel is assumed throughout the analysis. SER performance of the above systems is carried out with emphasis on the modulation scheme and number of carriers.

6

Authors: Ganesh Bhadane*, Sapana Sharma* and Vijay B. Nerkar**

ABSTRACT: Early disease detection is a major challenge in agriculture field. Hence proper measures has to be taken to fight bioagressors of crops while minimizing the use of pesticides. The techniques ofmachine vision are extensively applied to agricultural science,and it has great perspective especially in the plant protection field,which ultimately leads to crops management. Our goal is early detection of bioagressors. The paper describes a software prototype system for pest detection on the infected images of different leaves. Images of the infected leaf are captured bydigital camera and processed using image growing, image segmentation techniques to detect infected parts of the particular plants.Then the detected part is been processed for futher feature extraction which gives general idea about pests. This proposes automatic detection and calculating area of infection on leaves of a whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) at a mature stage.

6

Authors: Jayarani Songa* and Prateek Nigam*

ABSTRACT: A Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguide (FGCPW) fed Strip Monopole Antenna has been analyzed to produce narrow band response. The effect of ground plane dimensions and feed offset on the radiation characteristics has been studied in detail. The antenna exhibits linear polarization and nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics with moderate gain and efficieny. The parametric analysis along with the experimental results predicted the finite ground coplanar waveguide-fed strip monopole antenna as an efficient radiator and can be used for modern wireless communication systems. In the proposed work, The antenna consists of a coplanar wave guide designed for 50Ω input impedance, fed with an SMA connector. The antenna is designed using FR-4 substrate (εr = 4.4) for a resonant frequency 5.48 GHz.By adding additional L and T shape to the initial monopole the variation of in the resonant frequency is observed.Due to this effect, the antenna can produce a narrow band response.

6

Authors: Rubi Gupta and Prof Ranjeet Prajapati

ABSTRACT: A MC-CDMA system can be configuration play important role in performance improvement in transmitter and receiver. One configuration is transmit/receive diversity (TRD) which has been widely used due to its simplicity and good performance in huge load traffic. The performance of MC-CDMAsystems with optimal TRD depends on their operational environments. By providing the receiver with multiple copies of the transmitted signal in space, MC-CDMAsystems achieve spatial diversity and effectively mitigate multipath fading, thereby improves the quality and performance of the receiver. The desired spatial diversity order depends on the channel diversity, specially, the channel interference. In a big scattering environment, a transmitter with an antenna array may transmit multiple independent data streams within the bandwidth of operation, and the receiver with an antenna array can successfully separate the data streams. MCCDMAsystems, therefore, Oder an increase in data rate through spatial multiplexing. Multipath scattering is commonly seen as detrimental to wireless communications. However, with the emergence of MCCDMAsystems, multipath have been effectively converted into a benefit for wireless communications. Due to this big advantage, MC-CDMAtechnology is considered key to future of wireless communications. After analyzing the shortcomings of current feature extraction and fault diagnosis technologies, a new approach based on wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are combined to extract fault feature frequency and neural network for rotating machinery early fault diagnosis is proposed. Acquisition signals with fault frequency feature are decomposed into a series of narrow bandwidth using WPD method for de-noising, then, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which usually denoted the features of corresponding frequency bandwidth can be obtained by applying EMD method. Thus, the component of IMF with signal feature can be separated from all IMFs and the energy moment of IMFs is proposed as eigenvector to effectively express the failure feature. The classical three layers BP neural network model taking the fault feature frequency as target input of neural network, the 5 spectral bandwidth energy of vibration signal spectrum as characteristic parameter, and the 10 types of representative rotor fault as output can be established to identify the fault pattern of a machine. Lastly, the fault identification model of rotating machinery with rotor lateral early crack based on BP neural network is taken as an example. The results show that the proposed method can effectively get the signal feature to diagnose the occurrence of early fault of rotating machinery.

7

Authors: Mukesh Kumar Singh and Nitin Saxena

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the enhancement in voltage stability margin as well as the improvement in power transfer capability of transmission line in a power system with the incorporation of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Fixed Capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor(FC-TCR and) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). A simple transmission line system is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The load flow results are first obtained for an uncompensated system, and the voltage and power (real and reactive power) profiles are studied. The results so obtained are compared with the results obtained after compensating the system using STATCOM, FC-TCR and SSSC to show the voltage stability margin enhancement. The results so obtained after simulation demonstrate the performance of the system for each of the FACTS devices in improving the power profile and thereby voltage stability of the same. All simulations have been carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

7

Authors: S.K. Gandhi and Pawan Kumar Thakur

ABSTRACT: The aim of testing is to prove a concept and verify its validity through the requirements defined and the available resources. Because systems can only be tested during a restricted period of time, testing cannot ensure complete correctness of an implementation or problems associated with the transformation from concept to implementation. The main purpose of this paper is to perform testing and implementation of election administration approach in order to assess the attainment of the system against the objectives that were set initially.

7

Authors: Anwesha Bhattacharya*, P. Singh**, Prof. A.J. Siddiqui*** and Prof. R. Agrawal***

ABSTRACT: Today every developed and underdeveloped country is facing same problem i.e. transmission losses, so the basic challenge is to optimize this losses by various techniques. In order to minimize the losses in the power industry researchers are introducing several techniques and algorithms in the field of transmission losses. This paper will present a new approach to minimize the losses through three different techniques i.e. genetic algorithm, particle swarm and coordinate aggregation particle swarm. It will highlight the features of these techniques, furthermost it will also explore the development and future application regarding with these techniques.

8

Authors: Vijay B. Nerkar*, Prof. Abhisekh Kumar Tripathi* and Ganesh Bhadane**

ABSTRACT: Steganography is the art of hiding the existence of data in another transmission medium i.e. image, audio, video files to ach ieve secret communication. It does not replace cryptography but rather boosts the security using its obscurity features. The proposed method uses both Cryptography and Steganography to enhance the security of the message. The secret message is first encrypted using RSA algorithm and then randomized using OAEP [1]. This encoded message is then embedded in the bitmap cover image using frequency domain approach. For embedding the encrypted message, initially skin tone regions of the cover image are detected using HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) model. Thereafter, a region from skin detected area is selected, which is known as the cropped region. In this cropped region secret message is embedded using DD-DWT (Double Density Discrete Wavelet Transform). DD-DWT overcomes the intertwined shortcomings of DWT (like poor directional selectivity, Shift invariance, oscillations and aliasing)[2]. Hence the image obtained after embedding secret message (i.e. Stego image) is far more secure and has an acceptable range of PSNR. The proposed method is much better than the previous works both in terms of PSNR

10

Authors: Priyam Soni*and Amit Shrivastava*

ABSTRACT: This paper describe the more reliable power electronic devices for a stability analysis of power by correcting the supply voltage sag, swell and interruption in a distributed power system. The use of sensitive electronic equipment has increased. Now days which have lead to power quality problems. To solve these power quality problems various custom power devices are used. At present, a wide range of very flexible controllers, which capitalize on newly available power electronics components, are emerging for custom power applications. Among these, the distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) both of them based on the VSC principle. DVR & D-STATCOM both are most effective devices,. A DVR injects a voltage in series with the system voltage and a D-STATCOM injects a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and interruption. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are presented to verify the effectiveness of these devices.

13

Authors: Jatinder Singh Saini and Rajan Kumar

ABSTRACT: Wireless mesh network is a technology to handle different types of application in different scenarios. Now a days it turns toward a multi-radio multi-channel (MR-MC) WMN architecture, by which we can improve network performance by equipping each node with multiple radio interfaces and by using multiple non-overlapping channels. This provides a great scope in network design. Specifically, topology control (TC), one of the fundamental research topics in WMNs, has also received attention in MR-MC WMNs. This article presents an overview of topology control mechanisms in the existing literature with emphasis on the mutual dependence of TC on other networking issues such as power control, channel allocation, routing, and directional antennas.

4

Authors: Amita Mahor, Md. Ashfaq Khan and Mukta Soni

ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this paper is to develop a photovoltaic simulation system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function using Mat lab/Simulink software in order to simulate and evaluate the behaviours of the real photovoltaic systems. A model of the most important component in the photovoltaic system, the solar module, is the first to have been established. The characteristics of the established solar module model were simulated. After that, a model of a photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracker, which was developed by DC-DC buck converter established and simulated and the model of the photovoltaic system that was built in this paper can track the maximum power point of the system successfully and accurately under arbitrary temperature and irradiance conditions. This work presents a boost converter controlled by P&O technique for the maximum power point tracking of the photovoltaic panel.

5

Authors: Amita Jain and Arun Pachori

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses electrical insulation characteristics of liquid nitrogen (LN2) / polypropylene (PP) laminated paper composite insulation system for the practical electrical insulation design of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables. Partial discharge (PD) inception, propagation and breakdown (BD) characteristics under ac voltage application were obtained and discussed at atmospheric and pressurized conditions. Experimental results were analyzed quantitatively and revealed that void- type discharge was categorized as an important form of discharge to characterize the transition of PD activity leading to BD.

5

Authors: Prof. Kusum Tharani, Aahuti Gupta and Apoorva Gupta

ABSTRACT: Introduction of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) has characteristics that render it attractive for transmission applications. The numbers of HVDC projects that have been commissioned have been on the increasing scale in the near past. Beginning with a brief historical perspective on the development of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, this paper presents an overview of the status of HVDC power plants in India today and reviews the underlying technology of HVDC systems from a design, construction, operation and maintenance points of view.

6

Authors: Arvind Pahade and Nitin Saxena

ABSTRACT: This paper presents transient stability and power flow models of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and current Sourced Inverter (CSI) based Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) Controllers. A model of the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), the application of the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in improving transient stability in power systems.MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to simulate the system under study. 'This paper presents a control block diagram of STATCOM for the transient stability improvement. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software package is used for simulation of test system. In this paper the STATCOM is connected to the 230KV line for a typical two machine transmission system. The study demonstrates that STATCOM not only considerably improves transient stability in steady stat. Due to its simplicity, robustness and ease implementation, proportional integral derivative (PID) controller along with auxiliary feedback signals are used to control the inverter firing angle and hence control the reactive power exchange between the AC system and the STATCOM.

6

Authors: Vasim Khan* and Prof. Gaurav Gupta**

ABSTRACT: Statistical Signal processing may broadly be considered to involve the recovery of information from physical observations. Due to the random nature of the signal, statistical techniques play an important role in signal processing. Statistics is used in the formulation of appropriate models to describe the behavior of the system, the development of appropriate techniques for estimation of model parameters, and the assessment of model performances. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of Ways needed in fast ICA algorithm for decorrelation of the separating matrix can be deflationary or symmetric orthogonalization. Simulation studies reveal that symmetric approach has a better performance as compared to deflation approach, in terms of CPU time. The performance of the real-time applications such as speech signal enhancement and EEG/MEG essential features extraction for brain computer interface (BCI) based on MATLAB (R 2011a) process models.

6

Authors: Preeti Agrawal and Shyam Akashe

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the Multi-band OFDM (MB-OFDM) based Ultra-Wideband for working group on short-range high data-rate Ultra-wide-Band (UWB) communications. An overview of the MB-OFDM PHY layer architecture with its various parameters is presented and the optimal choice of critical parameters is discussed. Next, we derive the theoretical un coded bit error rate (BER) of MBOFDM over the fading channel. Performance results over realistic UWB channel models are analyzed and compared to a pulsed-OFDM based approach. Although pulsed- OFDM was presented in the literature as an enhancement to the MB-OFDM approach, simulation results showed that with same redundancy factor, both systems address almost similar BER performance.

7

Authors: Navita Khatri* and R.R. Joshi**

ABSTRACT: The voltage sag is very common issue of power quality. In order to assess voltage sag stochastic method is used. This paper presents an analytical method to assess voltage sag frequency and area of vulnerability for buses given in the system. The area of vulnerability (AOV) graphically represents fault zones which lead to voltage sag of desired magnitude on observation bus. The results are presented for 11 bus test system. As voltage sag occurs due to short circuit faults i.e balanced and unbalanced fault. This study is done for balanced faults occurring in the system.

7

Authors: Neha Modi, Manju Khare and Kanchan Chaturvedi

ABSTRACT: This Paper presents a comparative study of Genetic Algorithm method (GA) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to determine the optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters, for load frequency control in a single area power system. Comparing with conventional Proportional–Integral (PI) method and the proposed PSO the performance of the controller is improved for the step input in Load frequency control. This paper presents a comparative study of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to determine the optimal parameter of proportional integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters, for load frequency control in single area power system. For this application, MATLAB –Simulink software is used.

8

Authors: Dinkar Rao Dongre*, Vidhi Rawat** and Abhishek Rawat*

ABSTRACT: In this paper, the technology which predicts the suicide bombers and explosion of weapons through imaging for concealed weapon detection is described. The detection of weapons concealed under a person's cloth is an obstacle to the improvement of the security of the general public as well as the safety of public assets like railway station and airports. It is desirable to detect concealed weapons and explosive material from a standoff distance, especially when it is impossible to arrange the flow of people through a controlled process. The goal is the development of technology of automatic detection of concealed weapons. So fusion algorithm is proposed for early and automatic detection of weapon. Image fusion is a process of combining two or more images into an image. It can extract features from source images, and provide more information than one image. The feasibility of the proposed fusion technique is demonstrated by some experimental results.

9

Authors: Priya Kumari, Amol Barve and Anand Singh

ABSTRACT: Power quality disturbances like sag, swells, transients, harmonics &flicker are not new to our researchers as such it still prevails in modern power industry. This paper describes the technique of reducing the voltage sag and interruptions in a distribution system by controlling DSTATCOM using wavelet based denoising controller (multi-resolution analysis).Wavelet transform has received greater attention in power quality as this is well suited for analyzing certain types of transient waveforms. The proposed methodology states that the distorted signal is first identified, decomposed and then reconstructed using wavelet transform. These signals are then fed to two level voltage source inverter (VSI) (designed as DSTATCOM) to produce refined signal. Modeling and Simulation of the above mentioned DSTATCOM controller with necessary block diagrams are presented and implemented along with the necessary equations in the MATLAB simulink using the simpower systems tool boxes. Conclusions are based on the simulation results.

3

Authors: Sagar Chouksey* and Mayur Ghadle**

ABSTRACT: Hybrid Genetic Algorithm is applied to design a single-patch broadband microstrip patch antenna in this paper. The optimization procedure is also included. The broad-band character is realized by taking out some parts of the ordinary patch antenna. The reliability and efficiency of this method are proved by comparing the antenna proposed in this paper to un-optimized patch antenna. It can be seen that the bandwidth expands from 6% of the unoptimized one to 17.8%.

4

Authors: Mili Jaiswal, Ashok Verma, Ajay Lala and Ashish Chaurasia

ABSTRACT : Due to mobility of nodes, dynamic topology of the network, lack of centralized mechanism makes MANET more vulnerable. One of the main issues in Ad-hoc networks is to develop a routing protocol which must be capable of handling very large number of nodes with limited bandwidth and power availability. The performance of these routing protocols is evaluated with respect to routing Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio and End to End Delay in different scenarios.

4

Authors: Rajeev Kumar Koshti and Nitin Saxena

ABSTRACT: Distribution Static Compensator is a shunt device. D-STATCOM is generally used to improve power quality problems in distribution network system. D-STATCOM is a device used in correction of power factor and maintaining distribution voltage and mitigating harmonics in a distributions network. DSTATCOM is also used for Grid Connected Power System network, for voltage fluctuations, voltage dips, voltage swell etc. D-STATCOM is also used in voltage profile mostly solutions apply nowadays to improved power quality of electric distribution network according to the some desire of power quality like harmonics, fluctuation and flicks of voltage, unbalance of 3-phase voltage and current frequency deviation and voltage regulation.

5

Authors: Yash Kshirsagar, Anshul Awasthi and Mamta Sood

ABSTRACT : The rapid growth of the Internet in the past years has rapidly increased the availability of digital data such as audio, images and videos to the public. As we have witnessed in the past few months, the problem of protecting multimedia information becomes more and more important and a lot of copyright owners are concerned about protecting any illegal duplication of their data or work. Some serious work needs to be done in order to maintain the availability of multimedia information. In this paper we have survey of different approach of digital water marking technique such as DCT based technique, pixel Interchanged based technique, rotation of pixel technique and amplitude of the quaternion technique and related technique of digital water marking for the data truncation.

5

Authors: M.L.S.N. Swarajya Lakshmi * and Niranjan Prasad**

ABSTRACT: In the area of military avionics, the most promising application areas of Global Positioning System (GPS) include missile guidance, Unmanned Ariel Vehicle (UAV) guidance and control and precision aircraft landings. Though spread spectrum technique is used for GPS anti-jamming requirements, but this alone fails to ensure protection of GPS receiver from jamming vulnerability. The existing guidance and control mechanism of aircrafts and UAVs is Inertial Navigation System (INS) and to some extent ground based support instrumentation. The GPS receiver integrated with INS is used for the guidance, control and maneuvering of missiles and UAVs. In this paper, the GPS signals interference caused due to various jammers are presented indicating the performance limitations of the GPS receivers for military applications. Applications of several GPS anti-jamming techniques that ensure its robustness are presented in this paper.

5

Authors: Kamna Mishra, Prof. Divya Jain and Prof. Vikas Gupta

ABSTRACT: The Golden Code (GC) is an Algebraic Space-Time Code (ASTC) for MIMO systems, based on quaternion algebras. Thanks to the algebraic construction, the Golden codes are full-rank, full-rate and have the non-vanishing determinant property. These codes have been proposed for MIMO flat fading channels in order to increase the spectral efficiency and to maximize the coding gain. The purpose of this work is to analyze the performance of the GC in a frequency selective Rayleigh channel. To deal with the frequency selectivity, we use the OFDM modulation. The BER performance of an ASTC-MIMOOFDM system, under several propagation conditions has been evaluated.

6

Authors: Prashant Chaturvedi, Prof. Tarun Verma and Prof. M. Zahid Alam

ABSTRACT: Data image compression is the reduction of redundancy in data representation in order to achieve reduction in storage cost. In This paper The Implementation and Optimization of FPGA based 2DDCT (discrete Cosine Transform) with Quantization and Zigzag with parallel pipelining using VHDL. The two 1D-DCT Separability property and calculation by using a Transpose buffer .The coding is simulated using Xilinx 9.2i ISE Synthesized using Spartan-3E XC3S500. The 2D-DCT Architecture uses 615 slices, 74 I/O pins, and 6 multiplier and operating frequency 124MHz and pipeline latency 160 clock cycles.

9

Authors: E.O. Oyetunji* and J. Asare**

ABSTRACT: This paper considers the design of a keyless digital security system using a hardware programming tool. The system uses a 4 x 4 keypad that allows users to enter four keystrokes as security password. These keystrokes are converted to BCD codes by the keypad encoder. The designed system comprises of two basic components fused together as a block (the Memory logic and the Security logic). The memory logic is the storage medium for the 4-keystrokes while the security logic compares entry keystrokes to keystrokes that are stored in the memory logic.

11

Authors: Tejaswita Khobaragade and Amol Barve

ABSTRACT: This work includes work on the development of a fuzzy logic power system stabilizer to enhance the damping of generator oscillations In order to accomplish a stability enhancement. Speed deviation (Am) and acceleration (Aw) of the rotor synchronous generator were taken as the input to the fuzzy logic controller. These variables take significant effects on damping the generator shaft mechanical oscillations. The stabilizing signals were computed using the fuzzy membership function depending on these variables. The performance of the fuzzy logic power system stabilizer was compared with the conventional power system stabilizer and without power system stabilizer. To achieve good damping characteristics over a wide range of operating conditions, speed deviation and acceleration of a synchronous machine are chosen as the input. Signal to the stabilizers. The stabilizing signal is determined from certain rules for rule-based power system stabilizer. For fuzzy logic based power system stabilizer, the supplementary stabilizing signal is determined according to the fuzzy membership function depending on the speed and acceleration states of the generator. The simulation result shows that the proposed fuzzy logic based power system stabilizer is superior to rule-based stabilizer due to its lower computation burden and robust performance.

3

Authors: Manjhari Jain*, Akhilesh Waoo*, and P.S. Patheja*

ABSTRACT : In this paper the problem of congestion due to overload of links are solved with the new routing algorithm in multipath. Unlike traditional routing schemes that route all traffic along a single path, multipath routing strategies split the traffic among several paths in order to ease congestion. It has been widely recognized that multipath routing can be fundamentally more efficient than the traditional approach of routing along single path. It has been shown that using multipath to route messages between any source-destination pair of nodes (instead of using single path) balances the load more evenly throughout the network. Our aim is the compute a set of loop free paths in order to allow routers to share the load on several next hops depending on the current load measurement. Based on AOMDV protocol the proposed approach achieves this by finding reliable and secure paths for data packets before transmitting them. Since paths are verified for security and reliability at the beginning of data transmission, here probability of packet loss/delay misbehavior is minimum. With the help of this algorithm we can provide better environment from its old networking counterparts. This algorithm works when overload comes on links, and the overload is balanced by the alternate paths or by multi-paths. As a result the throughput is improved and the packet loss is reduced compared to single path system.

3

Authors: Dr. Amita Mahor* and Pooja Sharma*

soft switching DC-DC converter is here. Complete analysis for the boost converter is given and the results obtained for other DC/DC converters are reported. Soft switching commutation is achieved for all semiconductor devices and consequently the switching losses, ripple factor and electromagnetic interference (EMI) are considerably reduced and efficiency, voltage profile is improved. Both simulation and experimental results are presented.

4

Authors: Neeraj Mehta* and Nitika Vats Doohan**

ABSTRACT : Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of large no. of tiny devices having computing power and communication capabilities with very limited energy. As we know the energy is most crucial resource in WSNs. For enhancing and increasing the life time of a network the communication protocol must be designed with scalability and lack of energy resources in mind In the present Paper we are going to improve the energyefficiency of data-centric directed diffusion [4, 5] protocol by enhancing its interest diffusion and exploratory data messages mechanism. In interest diffusion phase sink just flood the interest in the whole network which result in energy inefficiency and reduce the battery power of sensors. For improving the flooding mechanism we divide the randomly deployed sensors of sensor network in different clusters and we propose a new algorithm for a cluster formation and cluster head selection and for exploratory data messages we reduce the number of exploratory messages on certain criteria by which we can achieve the energy efficiency.

4

Authors: P. Adhikari*, Milan Choubey* and Richa Singh*

ABSTRACT : The aim of this paper is to study the Position control of DC motor using Ziegler and Nichols and Genetic Algorithm. The proposed method compares two kinds of tuning methods. One is the controller design by the genetic algorithm, second is the controller design by the Ziegler and Nichols method. It was found that the proposed PID parameters adjustment by the genetic algorithm is better than the Ziegler & Nichols' method. This proposed method could be applied to the higher order system also.

4

Authors: Pallavi Asrodia* and Hemlata Patel*

ABSTRACT : With the development and popularization of network Technology, the management, maintenance and monitoring of network is Important to keep the network smooth and improve Economic efficiency. For this purpose packet sniffer is used. Packet sniffing is important in network monitoring to troubleshoot and to log network activities which will benefit both the network Software engineers and network administrators There are various packet sniffers are available in market by which we can perform packet sniffing. This paper focuses on the basics of packet sniffer; it's working Principle and various packets sniffing tools their working and their capabilities for network monitoring and analysis.

4

Authors: Nidhi Nigam*, Amit Saraf* and Chetan Nagar*

ABSTRACT : In this Paper a In wireless networks, security has become the prime factor of concern. The mobility of the nodes, in these so called Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETS), furthermore leads to a situation where it is very difficult to establish secure data transmission. Since the use of mobile equipments such as cellular phones or laptops is tremendously increasing and because of limited physical security, vulnerability to attacks, including an attack known as the wormhole attack, has become a challenging work. The wormhole attack is very powerful and preventing the attack has proven to be very difficult [3]. A strategic placement of the wormhole can result in a significant breakdown in communication across a wireless network. This addresses the aforementioned gap by providing a proper definition and categorization of wormhole attacks against MANET by introducing a new cooperative, clock synchronized technique based on Reference Broadcast System (RBS), and discussits effect on network performance. To improve network scalability and throughput, we propose the concept of thread for each and every node of MANET. So that our proposed scheme has three mechanisms namely, AODV (Ad hoc on demand distance vector protocol) for routing, Principle of RBS for threshold setting and ACK, for reliability of communication, are combined to detect and isolate wormhole attacks in ad hoc networks. That manages how the nodes are going to behave and which to route the packets insecured way.

4

Authors: Zaheeruddin, Shambhu Kumar Suman and N.K. Mittal

ABSTRACT : With the rapid development of information technology, internet has affect the people in all aspects such as public utilities, telecommunication, financial transaction and defense system, all depends on information technology and their security. The widespread deployment of new technologies had maximized the use of internet to a great extent. But at the same time, the potential attackers are success on discovering new ways to attack. Botnet is one of the most serious emerging threats and it refers to a number of compromised computers within a network. Malicious activities which are performed by a botnet are DDoS, spam, click fraud, phishing, identity theft, sniffing traffic, keylogging etc. DDoS attack can significantly degrade the performance of a network or can completely disconnect a machine to achieve resource overloading. The objective of this dissertation is dealing with DDoS attack. This work is dividing into three phase. In first phase, we are simulating a botnet environment. In second phase, we are performing UDP flooding of DDoS attack. In third we are applying queuing theory to overcome the DDoS attack.

5

Authors: Dr. Anubhuti Khare*, Manish Saxena** and Sonal Dixit**

ABSTRACT : In the mobile communication the network problem has been become a major problem due to this the mobile subscriber is feeling very uncomfortable with it and mobile service operators are also facing difficulties to sort out this problem. Here in this article we are concentrating on network problem inside the indoor premises because according to telecom survey 70% mobile calls are originating or terminating inside the indoor premises.

5

Authors: Ruchi Dubey, Amitesh Raikwar and Richa Tiwari

ABSTRACT : Performance enhancement of smart antennas versus their complexity for commercial wireless applications. The goal of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the performance improvement attainable using relatively simple smart antenna techniques when applied to the third-generation W-CDMA air interface. Methods to achieve this goal include fixed multi beam architectures with different beam selection algorithms (maximum power criterion, combined beams) or adaptive solutions driven by relatively simple direction finding algorithms. After comparing these methods against each other for several representative scenarios, some issues related to the sensitivity of these methods are also studied, (e.g., robustness to environment, mismatches originating from implementation limitations, etc.). Results indicate that overall, conventional beam forming seems to be the best choice in terms of balancing the performance and complexity requirements, in particular when the problem with interfering high-bit-rate W-CDMA 3g users is considered.

6

Authors: Ashish Rai*, Mukesh Pandey** and Prashant Baredar***

facing the difficult task how to solve the problem. One option is that go for new generating units with high efficiency, eco-friendly but this takes time and huge amount so to overcome this problem, it is realized that why not go for possible ways to maximize the efficiency of the existing power plants. To utilize the full available potential of existing plant equipments, it is not adequate to optimize components on an individual basis, rather it is necessary to take systematic approach and look at the complex interaction between the components and asses how best its potential is to be utilized. This paper gives the few ideas through which the available potential at every possible aspect to maximize the efficiency of the system. An increase in efficiency has an impact on the level of emissions a plant releases. Since less fuel is required to generate a given kWh, fewer emissions are released for that given kWh.

7

Authors: Amit Shrivastava Manisha Dubey and Yogendra Kumar

ABSTRACT : Power system stability has received a great deal of attention over the year. Stability is now a major concern in planning and operating electric power System. A large interconnected power system is exposed to many disturbances, which make the system unstable and thus are a threat to its security. In recent days, the effects of these disturbances are more serious considering the intensive use available electric power and its wide transmission. These disturbances result in electromechanical oscillations being set up in the interconnected system. The capability of the system to achieve an operating equilibrium after disturbances are caused in it depends on its inherent strength and on the nature and intensity of the disturbance .Increasing attention has been focused on the eff.ect of excitation control on the damping of oscillations, which characterize the phenomena of stability. In particular it has been found useful and practical to incorporate transient stabilizing signal derived from speed, terminal frequency or accelerating power superimposed on the normal voltage error signal to provide for additional damping of this oscillation. Such device is known as Power System Stabilizer (PSS). The PSS extend the system stability limits by modulating generator excitation to provide damping to the oscillation of synchronous machine rotors relative to one another. The PSS produces a component of torque, which is in phase with the rotor speed deviations, in order to enhance system damping. Damping due to low frequency oscillation problems are very difficult to solve because power system are very large, complex. Therefore it is very necessary to utilize efficient techniques for implementation. From this perspective many successful methods and algorithms have been developed .This paper presents a survey of literature on the various methods, algorithms and optimization methods applied to solve the PSS problems. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the PSS, based on different techniques and optimization methods on published literature from 1994 to the present.

9

Authors: Rita Jain* and Mahendra Kumar Gupta**

ABSTRACT : Transistor density on integrated circuit doubles every two year. For decades, Intel has met this challenge and has made Moore's Law a reality. As transistor counts climb so does the ability to increase device complexity and integrate many capabilities onto a chip. With increase in the functional complexity on the chip, accessing of internal sub–circuits of chip for testing purposes is becoming very difficult, as they are not directly accessible through primary inputs. So, the testing of chip is also becoming difficult, very time consuming and costly process with increasing cost. To reduce the cost of testing of chips by costly Automatic Test Equipment (ATE), Built–In–Self–Test (BIST) technique has emerged as a cheap alternative.