Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

7

Authors: Clarissa Tochetto de Oliveira, Nelson Hauck-Filho, Ana Cristina Garcia Dias

Studies have addressed features of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in higher education, but the potential relationships between ADHD symptoms, dimensions of college adjustment and students' work self-efficacy remain scarcely explored. The aim of this study was to test a theoretical model in which the dimensions of college adjustment mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and work self-efficacy. Participants were 509 college students from two Brazilian public universities. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using a path analysis model. The ADHD symptoms affected work self-efficacy exclusively through college adjustment problems. Improving students' well-being, social support networks, study habits, and feelings regarding their majors and the university may reduce the potential disadvantages in work self-efficacy caused by ADHD symptoms.

8

Authors: Paula Inez Cunha Gomide, Everline Bedin Camargo, Marcia Gonzales Fernandes

The development of forensic evaluation scales is fundamental. This study's purpose was to explore the psychometric properties of a parental alienation scale. Forensic technicians completed 193 scales concerning parents involved in a lawsuit: 48 families with at least one parent indicated as the alienator (group A) and 48 families with no parental alienation claim (group B). The scale consisted of five categories and 69 items: denying access to the child; derogatory comparisons; emotional manipulation; behavior of parent and child during assessment. The results show Cronbach's alpha = .965 and split-half = .745; KMO = .884 and Bartlett's sphericity test ( p < .001). Concurrent criterion validity applied to data showed that the scale is able to distinguish between the alienator and target parent. The results showed significant and consistent standards in the instrument's psychometric characteristics.

8

Authors: Juliana Aparecida Martini, Flávia Helena Pereira Padovani, Gimol Benzaquen Perosa

Given the significant increase in survival rates of prematurely born children, this study assessed their quality of life at school age and identified potential risk and protective factors. We included 57 children with premature birth aged 5 to 8 years. Participants completed a cognitive test, and their parents assessed their behavior and quality of life. Most children presented an average or high intellectual level. Despite the mildly compromised quality of life, we observed a high prevalence of behavioral problems in older children. Male participants and behavioral problems were identified as risk factors for lower quality of life; this finding indicates the need to implement systematic monitoring services to facilitate adaptation of premature born children when entering in the school.

8

Authors: Emerson Diógenes de Medeiros, Ana Karla Silva Soares, Anderson Mesquita do Nascimento, Jéssica Bruna Santana Silva, Valdiney Veloso Gouveia

Envy appears to be found among all cultures, and most individuals seem capable of experiencing it. The aim of this research was to gather evidence of the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Dispositional Envy Scale. For that, we performed two studies, each with 246 university students. In the first study, the results indicated that the instrument is composed of a single component. The second study confirms this structure based on the good fit indices and presents adjustment indicators that comply or approach the recommended criteria in the literature. Both studies demonstrate that the single component instrument presents a good level of reliability, as indicated by levels of internal consistency and homogeneity that exceed those recommended for such studies. Accordingly, it was concluded that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Dispositional Envy Scale presents acceptable psychometric characteristics and that it may, therefore, be used to assess the tendency or predisposition to feel envy.

9

Authors: Sofia Major, Maria João Seabra-Santos

The early identification of problem behaviors is essential in preschool. This paper presents evidence of validity (confirmatory factor analysis) for the Problem Behavior scale of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Analyses were performed for the scale's 46 items, which were grouped into 16 item-parcels. Once it was verified that the model fit the total sample (N = 2000; CFI = .98; RMSEA = .06), analyses were replicated for the samples collected at home and at school (n = 1000 per setting). Results indicate a factor structure equivalent to the original version, with five supplemental subscales, distributed into two subscales (Externalizing and Internalizing), stable for the two subsamples, with high internal consistency levels (α = .78-.97). The discussion highlights the utility/validity of the Portuguese version of the Problem Behavior scale among preschoolers.

9

Authors: Soledad Carretero Pérez, Silvia Ana Español

An interpretative review of research on adult-infant interactions involving the analysis of movement behaviors is presented, systematically linking previous studies to current research on the subject. Forty-two articles analyzing the dyad’s interactive movement in the period 1970-2015 were found. Twelve papers were excluded, including only those that studied the phenomenon in the baby’s first year of life. The results revealed that movement was a central topic in early interaction studies in the 70s. In the 1980’s and 1990’s, its study was marginal and it is currently resurging under the embodiment perspective. The conceptual framework and research methods used in the pioneering work are presented, and the thematic foci shared with current research are highlighted. Thus, essential keys are provided for the updated study of early interactions from a multimodal perspective.

10

Authors: Daniela Sacramento Zanini, Evandro Morais Peixoto

The study on social relationships that influence health, as well as the development of reliable measures to assess this construct has been highlighted in the academic literature. The aim of this study was to estimate new evidence of validity based on the internal structure and reliability of the MOS-SSS, as well as the parameters of items and participants by Item response theory. The sample consisted of 998 people (age: M = 27.18, SD = 9.90, 65.1% women) from different sampling strata. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed better goodness of fit of the four-factor model when compared to factor structures shown in other Brazilian studies. The multigroup CFA demonstrated invariance of the factor model when comparing the different sampling strata. The partial credit model indicated items with mean difficulty and appropriate adjustments indices (infit/outfit) and desirable reliability for the factors. The analysis of the maps indicated the tool’s strengths and limitations to assess the construct.

139-147

Authors: Teresita María Sevilla, Juan Pablo Sanabria, Linda Teresa Orcasita, Diana Marcela Palma

The family is one of the most important socializing agents in adolescent sex education. However, multiple barriers to communication within families have been identified. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and understand the processes by which parents and their adolescent children communicate about sexuality. Two questionnaires were completed by 711 fathers/mothers and 566 male/female students in 21 schools in Cali (Colombia), and 15 discussion groups were formed. The results showed that conversations about sexuality focused on protection for women and on sexuality promotion for men. Furthermore, it was found that greater fluency exists in father/son and mother/daughter conversations. The largest discrepancy between parents and teenagers was the adults' belief that it is sufficient to mention certain topics in a directive manner and the children's expectations that parents will discuss the value and dynamics of the sexual experience. Embarrassment and lack of communication tools hinder communication processes.

161-170

Authors: Francine Náthalie Ferraresi Rodrigues Pinto, Elizabeth Joan Barham, Zilda Aparecida Pereira Del Prette

Caring for someone, even when this person is highly regarded, can be stressful, resulting in a decrease in the caregiver's quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the main conflicts involved in the task of caring for an elderly relative, reported by caregivers, elderly care-recipients and professionals in the field of aging, and to identify social skills (SS) considered as being important to accomplish this task, helping to minimize the conflicts in this context. We interviewed 50 caregivers of the elderly, 25 elderly care-recipients, and 25 professionals in the field of aging, who answered questions about conflicts linked to this context and about SS that are important when taking care of an elderly person. The main conflicts involved difficulties to reconcile differences of opinion, or financial issues. The SSs considered most useful included: expressing positive feelings, controlling aggressiveness, and discussing problems. It will be important to verify if caregivers who develop their SS repertoire also improve their quality of life.

181-188

Authors: Luciana Karine de Souza, Claudio Simon Hutz

This study investigated relationships between self-compassion, self-efficacy, and self-esteem, as well as age and sex differences and other sociodemographic variables in relation to self-compassion. Four-hundred and thirty-two Brazilian adults (50% women) from nearly all country states participated in the study filling out a sociodemographic survey and three scales: self-compassion, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Comparisons of means between self-compassion and pairs of groups designed by sociodemographic data showed higher self-compassion in men, people aged from 31 to 66 years-old, not under psychiatric medication, without a job, and with children. Results also showed that self-compassion is highly correlated with self-esteem and self-efficacy. We highlight that results are sample dependent and further studies on self-compassion need to be conducted in Brazil.

199-206

Authors: Anna Elisa de Villemor-Amaral, Pâmela Malio Pardini Pavan, Raquel Rossi Tavella, Lucila Moraes Cardoso, Fabiola Cristina Biasi

In Brazil, there is a lack of tools to assess the children's affective and cognitive dynamics and investments are needed in research that seeks evidence of validity of some assessment tools for that public. The Zulliger test in the Comprehensive System (Zulliger-SC) evaluates the adequacy of reality perception, affects, self-perception, interpersonal relationship and cognitive processing and can be used with children, although there are few studies with this purpose in Brazil. Thus, the aim was to contribute in this field, comparing the performances in different stages of development. The participants were 103 children aged 6 and 12 years old, students from public schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the test individually in the schools. The Zulliger-SC distinguished the children consistently with what is theoretically expected for their age, bringing some evidence of the Zulliger's validity with children.

215-223

Authors: Ana Luisa Silva de Oliveira, Vanessa Kaiser, Thamy de Oliveira Azambuja, Laura Uberti Mallmann, Janice Luisa Lukrafka, Caroline Tozzi Reppold

Visual-motor maturity and executive functions are closely related in the child development process. This study aimed to investigate the relation between visual-motor abilities and executive functions in 83 healthy children between 7 and 10 years old. The tools used were the Bender Gestalt Visual-Motor Test - Gradual Scoring System (B-GSS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM), and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF). The correlation between the B-GSS and WCST scores was significantly negative (r = -.23, p < .033), while ROCF variables, such as Total Memory and Total Copy, had a moderate, significant correlation with total B-GSS score (r = -.55, p < .001; r = -.44, p < .001, respectively). The results empirically show the relation between executive functions and visual-motor maturity and are discussed in face of developmental neuropsychology.

235-243

Authors: Sidnei Rinaldo Priolo Filho, Henrique Mesquita Pompermaier, Nancy Vinagre Fonseca de Almeida, Débora de Hollanda Souza

The present work examined aggressive behavior in a sample of children attending a child daycare center in relation to their teachers' behaviors and the types of activities proposed by them. Four teachers and their respective students were observed for an average of six sessions, during which they performed activities, which could be free (without instruction) or guided. The most frequent behaviors were pushing/pulling, fighting over objects/taking an object from someone else, and kicking/throwing objects, with 77.61% of the aggressive behavior occurring during the free activities. An association between free activities and aggressive behavior was found. The categories kicking/throwing, fighting over objects/taking an object from someone else and slapping the face were associated with free activity. These results indicate the need for more attention directed toward children's free activities, providing them with adequate space for play and diverse opportunities for exploration and object manipulation.

255-263

Authors: Fernanda Barcellos Serralta

Interaction structures refers to the repetitive ways of interaction between the patient-therapist dyad over the course of treatment. This construct is operationalized by the repeated application of the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) to psychotherapy sessions. Studies in this line of research have so far focused only on long-term treatment. The present study examines whether interaction structures can be detected empirically in short-term psychotherapies. All sessions (N = 31) of a successful case of brief psychodynamic psychotherapy were coded with the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS). The application of Q type factor analysis procedures with varimax rotation revealed five interaction structures: resistance, alliance, facing depression, expectation of change, and introspection and hearing. The analysis of variation of these structures over the course of the treatment showed that these interactions are nonlinear, may be positively or negatively protruding in different sessions, or be predominant at some treatment phase.

7-14

Authors: Claudia Andrade

Attitudes toward gender roles result from a social construction process that has implications for the accepted gender role models for men and women. This study aims at the adaptation and factorial validation of a measurement scale for attitudes toward gender roles. The sample consisted of 746 college students and young professionals. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to check the scale's structure. A two-factor structure was found for the Attitudes toward Gender Roles Scale: the first factor reflects a traditional division of gender roles, and the second factor reflects an egalitarian division of gender roles. A preliminary study using the scale was conducted on 101 families with adult children (each family included a father, a mother, and an adult child with a university degree). The results revealed the importance of the scale in assessing the attitudes of different generations toward gender roles.

25-33

Authors: Pedro F. Bendassolli, Jairo Eduardo Borges-Andrade, Sonia Maria Guedes Gondim

Creative entrepreneurship has gained ground in recent years with the advent of creative industries. The capabilitiesto set targets and individually self-regulate have been indicated as predictors of entrepreneurship. This study aims to identify validity characteristics of a self-regulation scale and to test if score differences are related to whether or not one is an entrepreneur, personalcharacteristics, or the activity sector. A total of 596 professionals from creative industries in Brazil participated in this study. The self-control and self-management scale (SCMS) has been applied; it has been translated and adapted to Portuguese. Cross-validation analysis has been done. The results support the three-factor structure of the scale. Entrepreneurs tended to indicate higher means in the self-evaluation factor than non-entrepreneurs. Activity sector, gender and schooling demonstrated a significant difference in the self-monitoring factor.

45-52

Authors: Clarissa Pinto Pizarro Freitas, Claudia Sampaio Corrêa da Silva, Bruno Figueiredo Damásio, Sílvia Helena Koller, Marco Antônio Pereira Teixeira

The levels of job-related affective well-being and occupational self-efficacy may act as protective factors against the development of burnout. Therefore, this study investigated the role of positive and negative affect as a mediator in the relations between occupational self-efficacy and the dimensions of burnout. The research participants were 584 professionals (87% female), mean age 37.8 (SD= 10.8). The results of the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the relations of occupational self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were completely mediated by positive and negative affect. The relation between occupational self-efficacy and personal accomplishment was partially mediated by positive affect. Occupational self-efficacy was positively associated to positive affect and negatively related to negative affect. This study adds by showing the importance of developing interventions that promote the experience of positive affect and reduction of negative affect in occupational settings as a preventive strategy of burnout.

63-70

Authors: Aline Moraes da Silva, Liliana Andolpho Magalhães Guimarães

To reduce the work related to stress and the psychosocial risk is not only an imperative question, but also moral. This epistemological study aims to verify the presence of the occupational stress and quality of life related to health in nursing professionals. We used three questionnaires: (a) Socio Demographic Questionnaire, (b) Job Strain Scale, and (c) Item Short Form Health Survey. Statistical analysis was performed between the questionnaires, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and simple and multiple linear regression. It was found that 60.8% of the participants see the high demand of work, 71.8% high control on the developed activity and 85.5% low social support. Related to eight dominant of quality of life, the most damaged are: pain (µ = 61.87) and vitality (µ = 62.25). It was concluded that although in most sample experiences an intermediary risk situation to stress, the quality of life showed a damaged.

81-89

Authors: Amanda Oliveira Fernandes, Nancy Ramacciotti de Oliveira-Monteiro

The institutionalization of adolescents has been mentioned in the literature with positive and negative aspects. This study investigated 61 adolescents in residential care aiming to evaluate psychological problems and perceptions related to the care, using interviews and the YSR. Data was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative analysis, using gender, age and length of institutionalization as variables. Results indicated clinical scores for psychological problems, except for externalizing problems, in younger girls recently taken into care and older boys institutionalized for longer periods. The perceptions about the care were negative or indifferent; elements of positivity were expressed by adolescents institutionalized for longer periods. Instability in the permanence in the care service and the reasons for having been taken into care were manifested with psychological distress. There were few contacts with the family of origin; the adolescents mentioned the importance of their families and the desire to leave the institution. Members of the institutional teams were indicated as sources of care and protection. This study reflects the challenges for the positive development of this population.

101-109

Authors: Gisele De Mozzi, Adriano Henrique Nuernberg

Taking into consideration the supremacy of a child's profile often chosen by adoptive parents, this study aimed to understand the adoption of children with disabilities from the perspective of adoptive parents who have experienced this practice. The participants were eleven adoptive families of disabled children, all of whom had knowledge about the health conditions of the adoptive children at the time of adoption. The instruments used were a semi-structured interview and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A content analysis of the results enabled an understanding of the influence of conceptions about disabilities on the formal adoption process, the construction of parenting through the practices of care, and the influence of care specificities for a disabled child on adoption processes. Finally, it can be concluded that the children's disabled condition is a constituent element in the adoption of these children, affecting both the legal processes and the experience of the adoptive families.

121-129

Authors: Paolla Magioni Santini, Lucia CA Williams

Studies have shown that corporal punishment against children is a common family practice, causing damage to child development. Considering that parents are the main perpetrators of this type of aggression, parenting programs are needed to raise children without violence. This study aimed at performing a systematic review of parenting programs evaluations to reduce corporal punishment. Intervention procedures, as well as design, results and limitations were identified for each study. The PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used for reporting the results. A literature survey was conducted in Brazilian databases, as well as English ones from 1994-2014. One Brazilian study and eight international studies were selected as relevant, and only four used randomized controlled trials (RCT). All studies reported satisfactory results in decreasing aggression by parents against their children. Further research in the area with solid methodology is recommended.