Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

283-293

Authors: Olga Melo, Catarina Pinheiro Mota

The objective in this study was to analyze to what extent inter parental conflicts and divorce act as predictors of psychopathological development in young people from intact and divorced families. The participants were 827 Portuguese young people between 13 and 25 years of age. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory were used. Significant difference in the psychopathology were found with regard to gender, age and family structure. As verified, the intensity and lack of solution of the inter parental conflicts positively predict the development of psychopathology. In conclusion, the children whose parents are separated or divorced perceive the frequency and intensity of inter parental conflicts more highly, but present a higher solution level of the inter parental conflicts and higher psychopathology levels. Nevertheless, the family structure has no moderating effect on the interaction between the inter parental conflicts and the development of pyschopathology.

305-312

Authors: Roosevelt Vilar Lobo de Souza, Rafaella de Carvalho Rodrigues Araújo, Rildésia Silva Veloso Gouveia, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho Cardiff, Valdiney Veloso Gouveia

This research aimed to adapt the Positivity Scale (PS) to the Brazilian context, gathering evidence of validity and reliability. Two studies were performed. Study 1 was composed of 200 people from Paraíba, with a mean age of 23.4 years old (SD = 4.53), who answered the PS and demographic questions. Results pointed to a one-factor solution in this scale, which presented satisfactory reliability (α = .85). Study 2 gathered 290 undergraduate students with a mean age of 23.9 years old (SD = 7.60), who answered the PS, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Subjective Vitality Scale and demographic questions. Confirmatory factor analyses (ML and ADF estimators) corroborated the one-factor structure, which presented an acceptable reliability (CR = .65). Furthermore, its convergent validity was confirmed based on the average variance extracted (AVE = .60) and on its correlations with satisfaction with life and vitality (p < .001). In conclusion, this measure has been shown to be psychometrically adequate for use in Brazil.

323-330

Authors: Janete Aparecida da Silva Marini, Evely Boruchovitch

Self-regulated learning is the process by which students plan, monitor and regulate their own learning. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between motivation to learn, implicit theories of intelligence and self-handicapping strategies, and to examine the association of these variables in the prediction of the use of learning strategies in students of Pedagogy. The sample consisted of 107 Pedagogy students of two private universities of a city of São Paulo state. Data were collected using four Likerttype scales. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that participants with higher scores in the Learning Strategies Scale also presented significantly higher scores in intrinsic motivation and fewer reports of use of self-handicapping strategies. Higher scores in metacognitive strategies were significantly associated with both intrinsic an extrinsic motivation and with fewer reports of use of selfhandicapping strategies. Results are discussed in terms of the contribution of Psychology to teacher education.

341-349

Authors: Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura, Luciana Fontes Pessôa, Dandara de Oliveira Ramos, Deise Maria Leal Fernandes Mendes,Ana Carolina Monnerat Fioravanti-Bastos, Luciana Brooking Teresa Dias

With the greater inclusion of women in the job market, the division of childcare has become increasingly more common. This paper’s aim was to analyze potential differences among distinct profiles of caregivers regarding the valuation of Keller’s parenting systems. A total of 120 caregivers (mothers, grandmothers, nannies and daycare educators) of children younger than one year of age participated in a semi-structured interview. Significant differences were found among the caregivers in regard to the importance they assigned to the different systems: face-to-face, body stimulation and basic care. Education also significantly influenced the valorization of face-to-face and basic care systems. The conclusion is that the caregivers presented a mixed parental style, both distal, enabling the experience of autonomy and separation, and proximal, valuing greater interpersonal relationships. This study sought to contribute to understanding the trajectories used to the development of self when different actors are involved in childcare.

361-369

Authors: Rauni Jandé Roama Alves, Tatiana de Cássia Nakano

This study aimed to verify if the creativity of children with Developmental Dyslexia (CG; n = 13) differs from children without difficulties in reading and writing (NG; n = 13). Furthermore, we sought to verify how creativity could be related to intelligence. The Raven Colored Progressive Matrices Test and the Child Figural Creativity Test were applied in both groups. High correlations were found between intelligence and creativity in both groups, and variable correlations for the same type of analysis were found in the literature. There were no significant intergroup differences for creativity, although the NG had a higher overall average in creativity and the CG, the highest averages in most evaluated creative characteristics. The possible involvement of psychological/neuropsychological constructs with creativity, such as spatial processing and emotion, was discussed.

379-387

Authors: Maiana Farias Oliveira Nunes, Claudio Simon Hutz, Jeferson Gervasio Pires, Cassandra Melo Oliveira

The university professor suffers high pressure to achieve productivity and performs under work conditions that are not always satisfactory. This study seeks to analyze the subjective well-being, the time-use strategies, and the satisfaction with their use of time of PhD-holding professors with and without productivity grants from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). A total of 83 professors participated in the study (48 with productivity grants), with an average age of 50 years. A total of 89% of participants were from public institutions. The majority of the participants exhibited high levels of negative affect and low-average levels of satisfaction with their use of time. There was no difference in the subjective well-being or in the satisfaction with the use of time when comparing professors who had received a CNPq grant with professors who had not received a CNPq grant. The most important reason for dissatisfaction with the use of time was an excess of work, whereas peer recognition was the primary achievement obtained with the work. How work demands and conditions influence the well-being of the professors is discussed in this study.

397-405

Authors: Ana Paula Casagrande Silva, Sonia Regina Loureiro

Recognizing the conditions that minimize the impact of maternal depression on children has clinical relevance. The present review aimed to analyze recent empirical studies that have investigated the associations between maternal depression and different social support conditions for school-aged children. We systematically reviewed empirical articles indexed from 2007 to 2014 in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO. Three keywords were used: maternal depression, social support and child behavior. Twenty-seven articles were included and analyzed. These studies included a broad range of contextual risk factors and social support conditions, and in their predictive models, it was found that less contextual risk and greater parental resources and social support were predictors of fewer problems for the children. The identification of social support sources that attenuate the effect of maternal depression on child outcomes has implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs.

145-153

Authors: Sofia Major, Maria João Seabra-Santos

The assessment of preschoolers’ social skills represents a topic of growing importance in research recently developed in the field. The purpose of this article is to present confirmatory factor analyses studies for the Social Skills scale of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales – Second Edition (PKBS-2), a behavior rating scale that evaluates social skills and problem behaviors, adapted and validated for Portuguese preschool children. The 34 items of the Social Skills scale, distributed on three subscales (Social Cooperation/Adjustment, Social Interaction/Empathy and Social Independence/ Assertiveness), were grouped into item-parcels. Model adjustment was analyzed for the total sample (N = 2000) and the analyses were replicated for the subsamples collected in the home (n = 1000) and school settings (n = 1000). The factor structure was very stable for the three samples, with high internal consistency levels and correlations between parcels/scales. The results highlight the utility/validity of the Social Skills scale of the PKBS-2 (Portuguese version).

165-175

Authors: Adriana de Aguiar, Brigido Vizeu Camargo

This study investigated the relation between love and different romantic relationships with variable vulnerability to HIV, such as sexual behavior and risk perception. Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale and a structured questionnaire were used to ask 301 high school students about: romantic relationships, sexual behavior and risk perceptions. It was identified that the adolescents underestimate their own risk of contagion when they compare themselves with other individuals and also when they consider past and future possible HIV contagion. Love does not appear to be directly associated with the selfperception of risk, however, in conjunction with dating, it is a complicating factor for protected sex and was also related to the underestimation of risk of the partner. It was observed that stable relationships and love increase the students’ vulnerability to acquire HIV, because of the association of these with trust in the partner and the justification of risky practices, such as the non-use of condoms.

187-195

Authors: Jean Von Hohendorff , Lucas Souza Costa, Luísa Fernanda Habigzang, Silvia Helena Koller

There are few studies regarding sexual violence (SV) against boys in Brazil. Considering this fact, the present study aimed to investigate cases reported in the General Coordination of Health Surveillance of Porto Alegre (POA GVCS) between 2009 and 2011. A total of 239 notification forms were analyzed according to: characteristics of the victim (i.e., age, race, education level, presence of disability, SV consequences); of the SV (i.e., occurrence year, notification year, notifying establishment, context, place of occurrence, type, occurrence of penetration, number of episodes, others forms of violence, number of perpetrators, final classification – whether confirmed or not – and referrals); and of the abusers (i.e., gender, relationship to the victim, use of alcohol/drugs). There was predominance of white boys between seven and 12 years of age, victims of intrafamilial SV of two or more episodes perpetrated by male perpetrators. These results can be used in planning preventive and therapeutic interventions specific to boys who are victims of SV.

205-211

Authors: Amalia Raquel Pérez-Nebra, Claudio Vaz Torres

Expertise is one of the ways one can make one’s behaviors become automatic, and with consumption it is no different. Explanatory models of this sort of behavior described in the literature up to now have considered only conscious or rational buying, and do not apply to automatic buying. The model proposed here is inspired by, and adapted from, the behavior analyses, integrating variables that have typically been neglected in the traditional models, such as contextual variables. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the reports of behavior linked to the consumption of esthetics (operationalized in four variables: commenting, getting information, using cosmetic products and services) and the individual variables and those of the setting where purchases related to beauty were made. In order to do so, 953 Brazilian women responded to an online questionnaire. The model was tested and partially confirmed. Contextual socialpsychological variables were the only ones to predict routine buying. Demographic and individual variables did not account for the variance explanation of the behaviors measured. It is suggested that further studies should use and contribute to this model to enhance the understanding of automatic buying.

223-232

Authors: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva, Sonia Regina Loureiro

Social anxiety is one of the most frequent mental health problems and there is no consensus regarding the relation between social skills and anxiety. This study aimed to compare the behavioral indicators of social skills presented by university students with social anxiety in relation to a non-clinical group, and to verify the predictive value of the social skills for social anxiety. Participants were 288 university students, 144 with Anxiety Disorder and 144 non-clinical. Social skills were assessed using the QHC-University (Social Skills, Behaviors and Context Assessment Questionnaire for University Students) and the IHS-Del-Prette instruments. Mental health indicators were assessed through screening and diagnostic instruments. Through univariate and multivariate analysis an association was found between social skills and anxiety, highlighting public speaking, potential, difficulties, and the total social skills score as predictors of social anxiety, which contributes to demonstrating the role the resources and difficulties play in this.

243-251

Authors: Eileen Pfeiffer Flores, Laís Fernandes Pires, Carlos Barbosa Alves de Souza

Experimental studies have shown positive effects of dialogic reading of picture books (reading aloud interspersed with prompts and feedback for verbalizations by the listener) on the vocabulary and verbal expression of small children. This study assessed the effect of dialogic reading on the comprehension of a children’s novel by three children aged 7-8 years, using a single-subject reversal design. In Condition A, the text was read without intervention. In Condition B, reading was interspersed with dialogic interventions based on narrative functions. Comprehension was superior in all measures in Condition B for the two participants who underwent the B-A-B design, however, not for the participant who underwent the A-B-A design. We discuss possible interactions of dialogic reading with characteristics of text genre and the need for systematic replications with more sessions and reversals of conditions.

261-269

Authors: Renata Marques de Oliveira, Antonia Regina Ferreira Furegato

The aim was to identify the barriers for implementing the restriction on smoking in psychiatric hospitalization services, its impact on the hospitalized smokers, and the positioning of the professionals. Integrative review of 19 articles published (1989-2011) in MEDLINE and SCOPUS. Descriptive analysis was carried out. The studies revealed that the main barriers for the implementation of the restriction were: beliefs in the patients’ increased aggressiveness, damage to the professional-patient relationship, and lack of preparation to address the theme. After the implementation, the restrictions showed a positive impact: reduction of cigarettes smoked, increased motivation to quit smoking, and more attempts to stop smoking. The professionals who smoked and those who did not believe that quitting smoking benefits mental health patients were those that least supported the implementation of the restrictions. In conclusion, the restriction on smoking is effective in psychiatric hospitalization, as it provokes an attitude of change in mental health patients.

11-20

Authors: Anna Beatriz Carnielli Howat-Rodrigues, Rosana Suemi Tokumaru

The aim of this study was to examine evidence of validity for the Brazilian version of the Scale of Family Unpredictability during childhood. A total of 740 people participated in the study. The first sample was composed of 121 women over 40 years of age ( age = 5.86), 157 adults in conflict with the law (148 men, age = 34.20), and 251 college students (122 men, age = 19.60). The second sample included 211 college students (90 men, age = 21.53). Exploratory and confirmatory analysis indicated that the three-dimensional model (nurturance, money, meals) presented a better goodness of fit, with satisfactory reliability indexes. A significant effect of all unpredictability factors on the purchasing power of the participants was found, confirming validity by contrasting groups of EIFI: people belonging to socioeconomic classes with lower purchasing power presented higher family unpredictability during childhood. We concluded that the three-dimensional EIFI is psychometrically adequate, allowing the differentiation of groups in the constructs evaluated

29-37

Authors: Ricardo Primi, Carla Fernanda Ferreira-Rodrigues, Lucas de Francisco Carvalho

This study was aimed at: (a) developing an instrument for personality assessment according to Cattell’s model, in which the 16PF is based on; and (b) carrying out an empirical analysis of the internal structure of the instrument. Three hundred and forty seven people, mostly female (67.4%), attending higher education (62.5%) and aged between 16 and 66 (M = 25.69; SD = 8.90) participated in the study. One hundred and twenty items were created and an exploratory factor analysis of the main factors was carried out. Then, a parallel analysis, an exploratory full information factor analysis with categorical variables and an internal consistency analysis were performed. The results suggest that the instrument is composed of 12 factors of reasonable internal consistency rates. The model developed by Cattell helped to understand the structural organization found for the instrument, since there is coherency, especially in relation to more general terms (global factors).

49-56

Authors: Maria de Fátima Antunes Alves Costa, Maria Cristina Ferreira

Job stress can negatively affect the health of employees. As such, the investigation of its characteristics in different professional categories is relevant. The aim in this study was to analyze the predictive power of seven stressors (decision latitude, psychological demands at work, physical demands at work, social support from colleagues, ergonomic stressors, relationships with clients, job insecurity) for job dissatisfaction, depression and psychosomatic problems in a sample of 702 Brazilian lawyers. The data were collected using a Brazilian version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). The results showed that decision latitude and social support were the main negative predictors of stress, while psychological demands and job insecurity were its main positive predictors. These results are discussed in the light of the demand-support-control model, which was used as a framework for the research

67-74

Authors: Evelise Rigoni de Faria, Tonantzin Ribeiro Gonçalves, Fernanda Torres de Carvalho, Rita de Cássia Sobreira Lopes, Cesar Augusto Piccinini

Pregnant women living with HIV (PWLH) face tremendous challenges in order to prevent their babies’ infection. Coping is a potential buffer against negative outcomes from these challenges. This study aims to describe coping strategies of PWLH. This cross-sectional survey involved 77 PWLH from a public health care center in Brazil. Coping was measured for three types of strategies: Problem-focused, Emotion-focused, and Relationship support. Multivariate analyses identified some coping predictors. Being employed, reporting religious practice and higher CD4/immunity were associated with Problem-focused coping. Lower educational level was associated with Emotion-focused strategies. Relationship support strategies were more likely to be reported by PWLH who had good social support, who had disclosed HIV status to the baby’s father, and who knew their infection before pregnancy. Findings underline the need for HIV interventions focused on social support and participation by the baby’s father, with particular attention to those PWLH who were recently diagnosed and economically vulnerable.

85-94

Authors: Fernanda Rasch Czermainski, Rudimar dos Santos Riesgo, Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães, Jerusa Fumagalli de Salles, Cleonice Alves Bosa

The literature has shown a strong relationship between executive dysfunction and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), although there is no consensus on which subprocesses of executive functioning are impaired and/or preserved in this condition. This study aimed to investigate executive function and working memory in children and adolescents with ASD (n = 11) compared to children and adolescents with typical development (n = 19) matched by age, formal education, and nonverbal IQ. The tests used were: Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices, Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Rey’s Complex Figure Test, Digit span, Pseudowords span, Working memory, Verbal fluency (orthographic and semantic) and Go/no go. The results demonstrate impairment of executive function in the clinical group, especially in planning, flexibility, inhibition, and also visuospatial working memory.

105-113

Authors: Karla Rafaela Haack, Denise Falcke

Love is one of the most desired feelings by human beings. According to the triangular theory of love, it is composed of three elements: intimacy, passion and decision/commitment, which constitutes a dimension related to the quality of love the partners perceive in their relationship. This study aims to compare the three elements of love and marital quality of 86 Internet users (43 in a relationship mediated by the Internet and 43 with a physical relationship). The results indicate that there is a significant difference in the intimacy, the decision/commitment and the whole dimension of love, as well as in the marital quality between partners who have a relationship mediated by Internet and the ones in a physical relationship. We can conclude that the Internet is a great tool for people to meet, but that it is important for the relationship to develop in a face-to-face context

125-133

Authors: Juliana Biazze Feitosa, Maria Lúcia Boarini

Youth violence and interventions to affront it are the focus of our scientific research. The aim of this study is evaluate the existence of the aspects contained in the justifications of hygienism judgments of teenagers who meet admission youth work. In this sense, we 21 sentences that determined the internment and its supporting materials which makes up the judicial process of teenagers that have entered the year 2010 in the Center of Socio-education II in Cascavel Paraná State. The results led us to conclude that nowadays, notwithstanding the Children and Adolescent, we are still, by judicial determination, removing the Teen Delinquency situation and closed the judicial term returning it to the same context from which it was withdrawn. Enshrined due differences in shape and time note this routing aspects of the ideology of mental hygiene and the minor doctrine.