Biological Forum-An International Journal

2

Authors: Lambert Kishore, K.P. Mohammed Shareef and P. Girish Kumar*

ABSTRACT : Polistes (Polistella) strigosus Bequaert is herewith recorded for the first time from South India and also from Western Ghats.

3

Authors: Hemu Chaudhary*and G.R. Jakher**

ABSTRACT: The present paper is based on field observations; carried out in Barmer area of the Thar desert from Sept. 2010 to Nov. 2011, related to protecting devices, studied on eight gazelle fawns. Gazelle breeds round the year but birth peaks high in February- March and July-September. After a gestation period of 5 and ½ month, gazelle gives birth to generally single fawn, in between grasses and shrubs to hide it. The fawn's body remains odourless and in exposure area excellently camouflage with surroundings. It remains 2 to 3 days on the birth bed- site; during this period when disturbed, it extends its head and neck along with the ground or puts head on the ground, remains motionless and eyes seems to be fearfully. The hiding fawn becomes active each time, for feeding or hiding by mother's voice; as mother remains within 10 meters periphery from the fawn's site.

4

Authors: R.R. Yadav, M.D. Rokade, S.A. Salunke, D.M. Gangrade, G.S. Holkar and V.N. Daphal

ABSTRACT : A gradient reversed-phase HPLC method with PDA detector has been developed for the purity evaluation of Imatinib Mesylate in bulk drug. The impurities are (2-methyl-5-aminophenyl)-4-(3-pyridyl)-2- pyrimidine amine (i.e. Imp-A) and N-[4-methyl-3-(4-methyl-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-phenyl]-4-chloromethyl benzamide (i.e. Imp-B). The analysis was performed using inertsil ODS 3V column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5μ) as a stationary phase with column oven temperature 35°C and UV detection at 268 nm. The separation was achieved using gradient program of buffer (A Buffer used was of 0.1% Triethyl amine in water and pH adjusted to 2.9 with glacial acetic acid) and mixture of methanol and Acetonitrile. The method was optimized based on the peak shapes and resolution of Imp-A and Imp-B. The method was validated as per International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of limit of detection (LOD), Limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness and solution stability. The LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.024 μg/ml and 0.08 μg/ml, respectively. The sample concentration were injected was 10 mg/ml. The method is linear within the range of 0.08-0.3 μg/ml for both the Impurities.

4

Authors: Biplab Kumar Das, Sulata Kar and Devashish Kar

ABSTRACT: Cestode parasites are generally found in almost all freshwater fishes. In this study thirty specimens of Monopterus cuchia were examined for parasitic cestode fauna and out of this fourteen specimens were found to be infected with cestodes. All cestode infection observed and recorded in the present study were restricted to the intestine of the fish. The female specimens show higher prevalence of about 75% than the male specimens of only 14:3. The intensity of infection in male is 3.5 and that of female is 1.75. The fish specimen with intermediate weight group shows highest (66.7%) prevalence of infestation. However, further study is still required to reveal many enclosed parasitic infection of fishes and its causation, particularly in this region with high diversity of fishes.

6

Authors: Shiv Singh, Asha Mathur*, R. Mathur** and V.I. Sharma***

ABSTRACT: The water quality of different sources of water viz. hand pump, wells, bore wells and taps of urban areas of Datia (M.P.) was studied. The results of Physico-chemical analysis for pH, electrical conductivity, T.S., T.D.S., T.S.S, T. H, T.A. NO3, Cl, SO4, Na, and K of 27 water samples collected from 10 wards of municipal area of Datia city are presented. The present study assessed the Water Quality Index (WQI) of Datia city to find out the impact of industrial and human activities. Physicochemical parameters were subjected to calculation of WQI for the winter, summer and rainy seasons. The correlation coefficients were calculated for water quality assessment.

7

Authors: Chandasudha Goswami* and Sayad Ali**

ABSTRACT: North East India is very rich in faunal and floral diversity. It is the conjunction of Himalaya and In-Burma biodiversity hotspots. Kulsi, a river of Kamrup District originated from Meghalaya and fall into the River Brahmaputra. In Kulsi river, a good numbers of piscivorous Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) is present which is schedule-I species under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 once wide spread throughout the Kulsi as well as Brahmaputra River. Few studies have investigated that 29 Dolphin were present in Kulsi River in February, 2009 (Wakid). This paper highlights the list of fish species available inclusive of the causes which could be held accountable for growing decline of diversity. The study was carried out from March 2010 to April 2011. 63 species of fish belonging to 8 orders and 21 families were recorded. Out of these 6 are exotic and the rest are indigenous having ornamental as well as economic values. Cyprinids (family: Cyprinidae), Live fish (family: Anabantidae, Clariidae, Channidae, Heteropneustidae), Cat fish (family: Bagridae, Silurdae, Schilbeidae), Clupeids (family: Clupeidae), featherbacks (family: Notopteridae), Loaches (family: Cobitidae), Eels (family: Mastacembelidae), Glass fishes (family: Chandidae) and Gobies (family: Gobiidae) are the major groups of fishes which spotted in the river. Cyprinidae is the most dominant family throughout the river. In some places around Kulsi river people are highly dependent on fishing. Day by day the availability of fish is slowly declining due to anthropogenic stress. People use different types of gears for fishing which are the major threats for the fish population. Awareness among the people and the fisher is inevitable. At the breeding time fishing should be banned in Kulsi River to immediate take of action.

7

Authors: Shivani Chauhan* & Saneel K. Thakur**

ABSTRACT: The manurial utility of abundantly available lush green succulent biomass of Lantana camara was investigated through two waste management practices i.e. directly incorporated as well as composting in wheat crop. The compost was inoculated with Trichoderma viride and Azotobacter chroococcum cultures for rapid quality composting. Direct incorporation of green biomass and utilization as Lantana compost proved beneficial in improving grain and straw yields of wheat. Taking mean values of the yield of wheat obtained at four levels (N0, N60, N90, N120) of applied nitrogen it was observed that utilization of Lantana both as green matter and compost had significant effect on grain and straw yield in wheat crop over no Lantana. Grain and straw yields increased with increasing levels of nitrogen upto the level of 120kg N/ha. Also, the incorporation of Lantana as green matter or compost increased the grain protein of wheat crop. Results of the studies brought out conclusively that the abundantly available green biomass of Lantana with exorbitant power of regeneration could be directly utilized as organic manure provided the crop rotation as well as the weather conditions permit the green matter to decompose for atleast twenty days before sowing of the next crop. Out of the two practices the utilization of Lantana as compost proved to be better.

10

Authors: S.S. Talmale, M.E. Limje and S. Sambath

ABSTRACT: The present paper is based on observations and sighting records of birds were taken from whole Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh, India including agricultural fields of those villages in and around sanctuary area. The avian diversity of the sanctuary includes 173 species of birds belonging to 16 Orders, 49 families and 9 subfamilies.

3

Authors: S.R. Karlekar, M.M. Deshpande and R.J. Andrew

ABSTRACT : The present investigation was undertaken to study the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in the tribal village Khobramendha of Gadchiroli district in Maharashtra state. Out of a total of 210 samples collected, nine tested positive (4.28%) for asymptomatic malaria. Six were positive for P. falciparum (66.6%) and three for P. vivax (33.3%). Not a single case of mixed infection was detected. The male/female ratio was 2/1 for both P. vivax and P. falciparum. The average age of the positive individual was found to be 24.8 years. As far as asymptomatic malaria cases of Khobramendh village is concerned, it is female biased upto the age of 60, but later on it is dominantly male biased (67%).

3

Authors: M.P. Bhilave*, S.V. Bhosale* and S.B. Nadaf*

ABSTRACT : Aquaculture is a dynamic industry that continues to provide consumers with a reasonably priced, high quality protein. The impact that any aquaculture system has on the environment, is today, and will continue to be, in the forefront when environmental issues are discussed. A better understanding of the dietary nutrient requirements of cultured fish species and a continual search for accessible, highly digestible proteins to replace expensive fishmeal is essential. This approach coupled with applying the ideal protein concept in the formulation of fish feeds can greatly ameliorate nitrogen pollution arising from fish production systems and increase profitability. Taking into account this consideration, the present investigation is carried out to evaluate protein efficiency ratio in freshwater fish Ctenopharengedon idella fed on different combinations of feeds formulated from readily available protein sources like soyabean and deoiled groundnut cake. The fishes fed on 100% formulated feed had highest PER values than other feeds.

4

Authors: C. Sivaperuman*, Suresh K. Shah*,C. Raghunathan*, Kailash Chandra** and K. Venkataraman*

ABSTRACT : The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is the southernmost Island of Andaman and Nicobar archipelago. The tropical rain forests of this Biosphere Reserve represent high level of biological diversity. This study was conducted during 2008 to 2011 and sampling of moths was carryout in different locations using light trap. In this paper we reported nine new records of moths from Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

5

Authors: P.Y. Bhogaonkar* and S.K. Lande*

ABSTRACT : Barleria prionitis L. (Acanthaceae) is widely distributed throughout the hotter parts of India. In Ayurveda the leaves and inflorescences are supposed to be diuretic and anti-inflammatory; leaves used to treat bleeding gums and toothache. In traditional health practices also root, leaf and bark of the plant is widely used to treat various ailments. Oil extract of the plant is prescribed for arresting graying of hairs. Here an attempt is made to characterize the plant anatomically which will help to identify the crude drug if mixed with adulterants. Detailed morphological and anatomical study was carried out. Primary structure, secondary growth pattern andvessel elements of root and stem, leaf architecture, trichomes and crystals are studied.

5

Authors: Jini Deshmane* and S.G. Nanaware**

ABSTRACT : The aquatic animals are very sensitive to slight change in their surrounding environment due to which their normal behavior get changed. Visually observed behavioral pattern of snails exposed to plant toxin in fruits of Acacia sinuate were categorized into six types: 1. Protective responses, 2. Tentacle movement, 3. Foot movement and mucus secretion, 4. Responses to external stimuli, 5. Mucus secretion of gills, 6. Courtship behavior.

6

Authors: Vinayak Daphal*, Ganesh Holkar*, Ravi Yadav* and M.D. Rokade*

ABSTRACT : A simple, economic, accurate LCMS/MS method was developed for the determination of anastrozole in human plasma was developed and fully validated using dexchlorpheniramine as the internal standard (I.S.) is described herein. The analyte and the I.S. were extracted from 200 l of human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of diethyl ether: dichloromethane (70:30, v/v) solution. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Electrospray Ionization source - tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). Chromatography was performed isocratically on a Genesis C18, 4 m analytical column (100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.0 min and a linear calibration curve ranging from 0.5-100 ng/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.5 ng/ml.

7

Authors: V.S. Zade*, V.G. Thakare*, Lateef Ahmad Malik*, A.A. Kali** and P.H. Dandge***

ABSTRACT : Ectoparasites are a diverse and highly adapted faunal group of animals which may live permanently on their host or they may occupy host's nest and visit the body of the host periodically. Bat species are often infested with several bat fly species (ectoparasites). A faunal study of the ectoparasites of various bat species was done in the study area i.e. Navegaon Natioanl Park in Navegaon, District Gondia, Maharashtra. Ectoparasite collection and study was done from one Megachiropteran and four Microchiropteran bat sps. roosting in the study area. A Taphozous species of bat was found to be most ectoparasite infested species followed by Megaderma lyra & Pteropus giganteus. Raymondia lobulata, a streblid fly was the most abundant ectoparasite collected.

7

Authors: Archana Singh

ABSTRACT : Description and illustrations are provided for six new report of Pseudocercopora viz Ps. adinicola on living leaves of Adina cordifolia (Roxb.) Hook (Rubiaceae), Ps. anogeissi on living leaves of Anogeissus pendula Edgew. (Combretaceae), Ps. formosana on living leaves of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae), Ps. malloti on living leaves of Mallotus philippinensis Muel (Euphorbiaceae), Ps. withaniae on living leaves of Withania somnifera Dunnal (Solanaceae), Ps. sydowiana on living leaves of Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn) Jourz. (Lythraceae) from Sonebhadra forest U.P.

8

Authors: Sanjay Kumar Jha* and N.N. Tripathi*

ABSTRACT : Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park is the one of important park in Nepal. It is located in the country's mid-hills on the Northern fringe of the Kathmandu Valley. The annual precipitation of about 1,400 mm falls mostly from May to September. Temperatures vary from 2-17°C during the winter season, rising 19-30°C during the summer season. The macrofungal diversity is very rich due to litter decomposition. During present study a survey was made along the road side of the national park up to the height of 1800m. in order to collect variety of macrofungi were called habit, habitat, substrate and ethnobotanical information. The species were deposited in Museum, Department of Botany and identified through morphological and microscopic examination of pileus and stipes, colour of pileus, gills and stipes, cap profiles, stem profiles, spore structure. Out of 50 macrofungal species collected, 22 species were identified. The species were Abortiporus biennis, Agaricus haemorrhoidarius, Amanita smithiana, Amanita phalloides, Amanita vaginata, Bovista pila, Boletus chrysentern, Calocybe chrysenteron, Cantharellus cibarius, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Coltricia cinnamonea, Lepiota ochraceofulva, Macrolepiota rhacodes, Omphalotus oleariusus, Rhizopogon luteolus, Russula delica, Russula emetic, Rusula fragilis, Russula sororia, Stereum hirsutum, Thelophora fuscella, Xerocomus badius.

9

Authors: Nitesh Kumar* and Rajaram Choyal*

ABSTRACT: Hamirpur district is the most literate and smallest district of Himachal Pradesh. Due to favourable climatic conditions and suitable environment, this region serve as a good habitat for the growth of various varieties of medicinal herbs which are used for the treatment of various diseases and ailments. Snake are poisonous animals and they are found in every parts of study area. So snake bite is the common problem of this district. This paper provides the informatons about the ethnobotanical and traditional uses of local people of this district for snake treatment. This work is an effort to present the traditional phytotherapeutical and ethnobotanical observations recorded with respect to snake bite.