Avances

369-384

Authors: Álvaro Celestino Alonso Vázquez, Yanaray Pérez Pereda, Dariadna Batista Montané

To evaluate existent relationship among production of adjusted milk to 244 and 305 days of nursing in cows Siboney de Cuba and some reproductive and not reproductive factors during 5 serial years, information related with nursing's was compiled finished in period 2010-2015, of 214 cows of the unit «LaJíbara». Conformed to database that facilitated to analyze production of milk in both nursing's according to: I weigh incorporation to reproduction, age to the first childbirth, interval childbirthchildbirth, time of the year to the childbirth, as well as incidence of the empty days on production of milk. To the no reproductive factors in study was carried out variance analysis according to model of simple classification, by means of docima of comparison of stockings LSD Fisher, while to the reproductive ones, was carried out non parametric variance analysis of simple classification Kruskal Wallis, by means of docima of Conover. You concludes when evaluating the effect of factors associated to the production of milk that the incorporate females to the reproduction should count approximately of 300 Kg of weight I live and appropriate age, aspect that demands to work more with the substitution from early ages, to reach a first childbirth around 32 months of age, what is reached when combining existent alimentary technologies appropriately in the tropic, with correct handling of the same ones, should also improve it disciplines technological of the reproductive handling of the flock that allows to serve and to gestate the biggest quantity in cows in the period postchildbirth, that which improves the production of milk and the general economy of the exploitation substantially.

401-412

Authors: Sandra Haideé Díaz Solis, Rogelio Morejón Rivera

Food security and agriculture, as a means to achieve it, are a priority in the current Cuban context, in this scenario family agriculture has a primordial role as a dynamic sector in rural areas. The objective of this work was to show the impact of the implementation of good agricultural practices in the economy and development of a farm, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative Abel Santamaria. Since 2008, supported by the Local Agricultural Innovation Project, the family began the implementation of good agricultural practices to achieve greater diversification, better land use, increase agricultural yields, protect the environment and improve living standard. For the analysis, the values of the productive and financial indicators available in the «Marco Lógico 1.0»software database were used. The results of the study revealed that it was possible to make a more adequate management of the farm, increase and diversify the production, rescue traditional practices, visualize the women role in the rural context, generate higher incomes, as well as contribute to food sustainability and to family welfare.

428-443

Authors: Alexei Yoan Martínez Robaina, Dayanis Barrios Morales, Duniesky Domínguez Palacio

Heavy metals are dangerous substances that have the ability to accumulate in soil, plants and living organisms. The objective of the following investigation was to evaluate the agroproductive factors and their incidence in the accumulation of heavy metals in soils dedicated to the cultivation of tobacco in the southern plain of the province of Pinar del Río. The samples were selected in areas representative of tobacco cultivation belonging to the southern plain of the Pinar del Rio province. Semi-structured surveys were applied from a simple random sample to a sample of 74 producers, coinciding with the number of sampling points. The survey was processed through the chi-square test, using the software purchased Pro version 1.0 and the principals components analysis. The processing of the data was done with the SPSS. The principal components analysis showed that, with five components it is possible to explain 76.88 % of the total variability extracted by the model. It was found that there is uniformity in the agronomic management actions that are carried out by the producers. The presence of all heavy metals in isolation in the first three components shows that their main source of origin is pedogenetic and is not related to agroproductive factors. The practices directed to the improvement of grounds are not generalized especially those related to the intercalation of crops and the use of organic fertilizers.

460-470

Authors: Maykel Díaz Barrio, Mayra Casas Vilardell

The environmental entrepreneurial management constitutes an important tool in the protection of the environment; because by means of it,a set of actions is established and integrated to the process of entrepreneurial administration, is possible to mitigate the environmental problems as a consequence of productive activity of the organizations. Withing the principal strategies proposed worldwide to confront the environmental problems can be found the Systems of Environmental Management conceived like a road for the enterprises to identify and to manage the environmental aspects systematically. This investigation is based on the design of a System of Environmental Management for its implementation in the Basic Unit Meat Processing Plant «30 th Anniversary of Granma's Disembark» of the Agricultural Military Enterprise of Pinar del Río, like a contribution to the mitigation of the environmental problems generated in the productions process. In this sense, an environmental diagnosis was made taking in consideration the Methodology for the Execution of the Environmental Diagnoses for obtaining the national Environmental Acknowledgement, and the requirements of the Cuban Standard (NC) ISO 14001:2015. For the application of the methodology adopted, it was made a direct observation of the correspondent activities in the productive process, documental revision, interviews and surveys to hundred percent of the sample. The principal deficiencies that affect the entity's environmental performance were evaluated, allowing the elaboration of the proposed design using the NC ISO 14001:2015.

485-496

Authors: Tania María Pérez Sanjudo, Youry Rodríguez Montano, Daniel Regalado Nuñez

The tower installed in the Company of Dairy Products and Confectionery of Pinar del Rio, does not reach the cooling temperatures that are required in the process, so it is proposed the calculation for the selection of the operating parameters and achieve the selection of a new one, that guarantees the extraction of heat to the equipment of the ice cream production line of said company. Based on the theory of the enthalpic potential described by Merkel and the method of 60 % of effectiveness, this resulted in the power of the fan, the flow of water that has to move and the dimensions of the tower that manage to dissipate the amount of heat they produce. The equipment and keep them at the proper working temperature because of a good transfer of heat.