Avances

264-275

Authors: Jany Fernández-Delgado, Emilio Miguel Abad-Rodríguez, Julia Mirta Salgado-Pulido

Modern agriculture is currently facing major economic and environmental problems, due to the indiscriminate use of chemical products and poor management of natural resources, hence the need to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers and resort to other healthier methods such as the use of biofertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in the tomato crop in the typical Ferralitic Red soil conditions. The research was conducted at the Horticultural Research Institute ¨Liliana Dimitrova¨, during two campaigns (2016-2017 and 2017-2018) under open field conditions. The variety of tomato 'L-43' was used as vegetable material. Four treatments were studied: T1: 70 % nitrogen fertilization + 2 applications of G. diazotrophicus, T2: 50 % nitrogen fertilization + 2 applications of G. diazotrophicus, T3: 50 % nitrogen fertilization + 3 applications of G. diazotrophicus and T4: control (100 % nitrogen fertilization) which were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications, where indicators of vegetative and morphological, productive Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus en cultivo del tomate and fruit quality were evaluated. The results indicate that the application of G. diazotrophicus allows reducing by 30 % the nitrogen fertilization recommended for the tomato in the typical Red Ferralitic soil conditions, not affecting the external quality of the fruits, constituting an alternative of nutritional management.

290-304

Authors: Pedro Alejandro Villafranca-Barrios, Isidro Rolando Acuña-Velásquez, Duniesky Domínguez-Palacio

One of the most pressing problems in the production of tobacco in the province of Pinar del Río, has been the degree of physical, chemical and biological deterioration of the soils dedicated to the crop. The human activity on the ground constitutes one of its main causes, for that reason several investigations have been made to solve this problem. The objective of the work was to determine the potential of a tobacco cooperative for agroecological transformation. A study was carried out based on the following indicators: economic control, management of pests and diseases, existence and use of water, selection of varieties and species of seeds and indicators of use, management and conservation of soils. Two fundamental techniques were applied: the interview and the survey of 32 landowners. The results obtained indicate that producers are not motivated and identified with the need to change the traditional farming system to agroecological or soil conservation systems; expressed in a low motivation due to ignorance and application of techniques and measures, limiting the transformation of traditional farming systems to agroecological or soil conservation systems, on the other hand there is a clear identification of the producers with the policies of the state conservation and improvement of soils.

319-329

Authors: Alberto Mazón-Almora, Fernando Uset-Ruiz

The problem raised was the lack of knowledge of the level of food security in college students of Santo Domingo; hence the goal was to find an index that estimates the level of food safety in these students. Reading on the subject, established the concept of food security and the factors that determined it. Armed these theoretical foundations and methods of collection and analysis of information, in particular, Likert scales and elements of statistical inference, was recollected and process primary information of a survey, a sample of college students. The most outstanding results were, the construction of a reliable and valid measurement instrument, which can be used in other works, the obtaining of information directly from the people involved, not by indirect methods as is often done, and the food safety index of University students. Finally, anissue that draws attention to analyzing the results of the survey is that students showed doubts by checking in raised claims, which warns in the high frequency of the neutral category. This is made more manifest in that category in the case of the third statement on the nutritional quality of the food.

344-355

Authors: Yunia Pérez Álvarez, Yanela Castillo Díaz

To help modify the behavior of adolescents of the Integral Formation School Isabel Rubio Díaz of Pinar del Río, a diagnosis was made from surveys, interviews and observation, to determine the current status of values in adolescents. Group participatory action methods were applied and a system of workshops was designed and implemented with methodological guidelines to contribute to the formation of values in adolescents with affective behavioral deviations, achieving their strengthening through their hierarchy, and significant differences were also achieved, compared to the initial diagnosis.

367-380

Authors: Lidia Carvajal Lazo

A program of actions was designed for the differentiated educational treatment of the young penal population with the definition of its components. To achieve this at first, the scientific problem was established based on the characterization of the current situation of differentiated educational treatment for the young prison population in the penitentiary, using a set of secondary and primary sources of information from the needs defined. This allowed us to identify the particularities that the program should include in its conception, taking advantage of the strengths and opportunities that exist and contributing to correct those issues identified as weaknesses or threats to the differentiated educational treatment process. For the elaboration of the program the method of modeling was used. The systemic approach was also used in order to base the program by addressing this process from the conception of this as a unit, as integration of elements and not as a simple sum of its parts, where each of them has an impact, an impact on the rest. With the modeled program the differentiated treatment to the category of inmates we studied was achieved, with a conception of group work, reorienting and forming the damaged values eliminating the criminal and antisocial behavior to develop new aspirations in spite of the high sanctions. The adequacy of the actions proposed in the program, the age and the specific conditions of the units allow them to be used with other categories of inmates, in addition to generalizing the experience to all the youth establishments in the country.

139-150

Authors: Julio Cuni Calzada, Yoel Contrera Hernández, José Francisco Lastra Rivero

Located in Santa Lucía, Mines of Matahambre, Pinar del Río, the quartzfelsdpathic sandstones belonging to the San Cayetano Formation (J1-J5 2) They will constitute solid pollutants during the exploitation of the deposit, foreseen for next years. The present work shows the results of the evaluation of these sandstones, with the objective of characterizing them as arid. The works were executed in the period 2011-2012. Empiric and theoretical methods were used such as: qualitative and quantitative measurements of the physical-mechanical and chemical properties of the rock, laboratory experiments, statistical technical, the analysis and the synthesis. The techniques employees consisted on: sampling of rocks, sieved, determination of the organic impurity, chemical analysis and mixtures design. It´s was proven that these rocks have lower contained of sulphur (0. 28 % of SO3) and of organic matter (Plate #1), they are produce sand, granite (13-5 mm), gravel (19-10 mm) and obtain mortars for all the uses. The tests of hydraulic concrete revealed compressive strength values to among 3.7-24. 1 MPa, that which endorses their use for wall amble and not amble of blocks, brick for floor and different restore types, allowing their use of these sandstones from an echointegrative focus.

166-178

Authors: Yanara Regla Huete Arrieta, Jesús Torres Domínguez, Duniesky Dominguez Palacio

The inoculation with bacteria that promote plant growth of the genus Azotobacter, is an alternative for the reduction and optimization of nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of maize to the inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum using different doses and applying 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer, as well as a combination of A. chroococcum and vermicompost. The work was carried out under an experimental design in random blocks with four treatments and four replicas. The response of the crop to the treatments was evaluated in morphological characters expressed in percentage of germination of the seed, height of the plant, fresh air weight, radical fresh weight, air dry weight and radical dry weight. The results proved the positive response of the maize crop to the inoculation with A. chroococcum and of A. chroococcum with vermicompost in all the variables studied. The best result was obtained with the combined application of A. chroococcum + vermicompost at doses of 15 l ha and 2 t hare spectively, expressed in a percentage of germination of the seed of 98.4 %, a height of 1.14 m plant; an air fresh weight of 40.7 g; a radical fresh weight of 20.4 g; an aerial dry weight of 10.1 g and a radical dry weight of 5.1 g.

193-207

Authors: Jiuvel Menéndez-Ramos, Miguel Enrique Iglesias-Martínez

This result had as object of study the low voltage that presents the consumers of the secondary circuit of the JB-287 located in the town of Valle, municipality San Juan y Martinez. As a result of this situation, it is decided to analyze the losses in it with the help of software for the Study of Secondary Circuits, developed in the Center for Research and Electrical Testing of Havana. The results obtained fixed the levels of losses in 8,737 MWh / a representing 5.3% and the voltage drops in 15.9 V in the most critical point, both above the established in the legislation in force in the country. A series of actions are also evaluated from the technical point of view in order to be able to apply the most indicated ones that give the greatest decreases in the affected parameters. The best result was obtained by the combination of Circuit Division, Caliber Change, Phase Completion and Balancing, which reduce losses and voltage drops by 4,601 MWh / a and 11 V respectively. From the point of view of saving in Equivalent Tons of Oil or Tons of oil, an average of 1,692 or 1,782 are saved for each year of the 10 that the study has. This reduction in oil consumption means that 3 289,71 kg of toxic gases will stop emitting into the atmosphere, contributing positively to the care of the environment.

220-227

Authors: Adolfo Damian Moreno González, Desiré Díaz Díaz

The following investigative work was carried out in the Company Public Alimentation of Pinar del Rio, in the same one he was carried out a proposal of application of the technology of the cogeneration in the groups electric summoned in this center, by means of the joining of an exchange of heat of surface of badges, taking advantage of the residual heat of the escape gases with the purpose of heating water that he/she enters to the boiler to improve the yield of this, since the water would enter with a superior temperature to the one that at the moment receives the boiler, also for the use of the workers that they lend service in the entity as well as taking advantage of it for the use of the one scrubbed in the boiler room and room of compressors impacting in the improvement of the quality of the productive process.

238-247

Authors: Luis Lutgardo Díaz Crespo, Yasiel Rodríguez Trujillo, Richard Fabricio Méndez Taco, Luis Hernández Martínez

The peak that has had the introduction of the design programs attended by computers demands to be used in the solution of problems in the designing of mechanical devices. With the objective of elevating the quality and the efficiency of the processes of design mechanic, some changes are orchestrated sustained in the use of the Technologies of the Computer science and the Communications, manifesto in this work with the employment of design programs attended by calculation like they are the AutoCAD and the Autodesk Inventor, those that were used in the design of the die to obtain the piece hook of the system of frame of scaffolds during the development of a design methodology for court dies, composed by multiple steps, as, the classification of the piece in different positions to occupy in the obtained ribbons of the foil and the calculation of the center of force of the punches carried out through a genuine method that the own tools of the software facilitate.

3-21

Authors: Álvaro Celestino Alonso-Vazquez, Erick Daniel Rivero-Cruz, Mileisys Benítez-Odio

To evaluate behavior of growth-development up 365 days of age in Siboney of Cuba female calves of employment of dehydrated sugar cane flour based integral diet rates of dry milk replacement inclusion (0, 5 and 10%) until weaning. Continued checking alive weight and average daily gain of 32 calves that it had participated in investigation protocol, in unit 246, at "Loma de Candelaria", of Cattle Genetics Enterprise "Camilo Cienfuegos". Weight gain was checkingat intervals 180, 240, 270, 316, 326 and 365 days of birth. To the variables, live weight and average daily gain reached was applied them the theoretical suppositions of the variance analysis according to simple classification model, applying of Duncan (1955) to determine the differences among the stockings of each treatment, by means of statistical package InfoStat. It was better the earnings of alive weight, in the females the T3 treatment the same as of 7 to 90 days, followed by the T1, with in agreement earnings to the weight range that to reach should the females in development in near period to the coming of the puberty for the livestock milk in tropic. The average daily gain after the weaning maintained a rhythm among 450 to 500 g/animal/day although they fall in later weight because of insufficient alimentary base of the unit 188 where the growth of the female continues approximately from the 280 to 365 days, what attempts with the obtaining of females of substitution of quality.

32-44

Authors: Hubert Viltres Sala, Paúl Rodríguez Leyva

For the recovery of information semantic web techniques are used that enrich the information by extracting knowledge and making annotations. This article proposes a component for making semantic annotations in indexed documents, which uses the content stored in a domain ontology to perform semantic annotations. Natural language processing algorithms are used in the semantic annotation process to improve the quality of the stored information. Accuracy and completeness metrics allowed to corroborate the quality, pertinence and relevance of semantic annotations in information retrieval.

59-78

Authors: William Patricio Proaño Ponce, Jorge Freddy Ramírez Pérez, Iverilys Pérez Hernández

The objective of this study is to seek convergence of opinions and process information that a group of experts has about the management of sustainable tourism in coastal cantons of the province of Manabí, Ecuador. As a method, the qualitative research technique was selected, specifically, the Delphi method, which favors research in the field of tourism, since one of the strengths it has is not requiring the presence of experts and the dynamics of information management. it is managed via the internet. In addition, analysis and synthesis of bibliography on the topic under study and comparative analysis of methodologies used in previous research on the field of tourism was carried out. The results of this study allowed validating partially by means of a model for the management of sustainable tourism in the coastal cantons of Manabí, which contributes to the decision-making process of the cantonal Decentralized Autonomous Governments, in the use of endogenous and exogenous resources and articulation. of local actors linked to the sector. The present study is developed with a scheme that can be applied in other studies similar to the one that occupies the present.

89-102

Authors: Carlos Javier Cueto Gil, Elmidio Estévez Cruz, Carlos Díaz Guanche

The present paper has as objective to elaborate an inventory of gravitational phenomenon’s in the most western area in Cuba that offers a more integral vision of the susceptibility from the territory to the occurrence of this phenomenon. For it, they were carried out two inventories of gravitational phenomenon’s, one associated to the road through a field work and the other based in the photograph interpretation of satelital images obtained by the google earth. As a result, an inventory was obtained where they register the slides of the area and its more particular characteristics are described, elements that were not shown in an integral way until the moment, what facilitates, to interpret the results better and to determine the variables that exercise bigger influence in the occurrence of these phenomenon’s, is also shown, the most susceptible sectors to the occurrence of these. For better to graph the results three maps are elaborated, two that show the density of phenomenon’s for Popular Council and the third associate the populational density with the areas where they register the slides.

117-128

Authors: Rándolph Delgado Fernández, Guillermo Barreto Argilagos, Herlinda Rodríguez Torrens

With the objective of establish the probiotic effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on weight gain of calves grazing Siboney de Cuba, 40 animals, all with an average age of 180 days and an intermediate body weight of 80 kg were selected. The calves were divided into two groups (control and experimental) of 20 exemplars each ones. All of them were supplied with Norgold and in the experimental this concentrate was mixed with 100 ml of S. cerevisiae live culture. The animals were weighed at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days into the investigation; he utilized a mechanical weight fixed and weight was estimated during the morning hours with the animals in fasts. The classification in 1st, 2nd, 3st, 4st and Industrials categories accomplished according to the resolution No 153 of the year 2007. Calves fed with yeast as a nutritional additive showed a 10 kg (p < 0.05) higher weight gain than the control group; average daily gain was also higher (more than 100 g / animal / day). It’s concluded that the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a nutritional additive for calves grazing is an available alternative, easy to employ that contribute to increase the weight gain.

369-384

Authors: Álvaro Celestino Alonso Vázquez, Yanaray Pérez Pereda, Dariadna Batista Montané

To evaluate existent relationship among production of adjusted milk to 244 and 305 days of nursing in cows Siboney de Cuba and some reproductive and not reproductive factors during 5 serial years, information related with nursing's was compiled finished in period 2010-2015, of 214 cows of the unit «LaJíbara». Conformed to database that facilitated to analyze production of milk in both nursing's according to: I weigh incorporation to reproduction, age to the first childbirth, interval childbirthchildbirth, time of the year to the childbirth, as well as incidence of the empty days on production of milk. To the no reproductive factors in study was carried out variance analysis according to model of simple classification, by means of docima of comparison of stockings LSD Fisher, while to the reproductive ones, was carried out non parametric variance analysis of simple classification Kruskal Wallis, by means of docima of Conover. You concludes when evaluating the effect of factors associated to the production of milk that the incorporate females to the reproduction should count approximately of 300 Kg of weight I live and appropriate age, aspect that demands to work more with the substitution from early ages, to reach a first childbirth around 32 months of age, what is reached when combining existent alimentary technologies appropriately in the tropic, with correct handling of the same ones, should also improve it disciplines technological of the reproductive handling of the flock that allows to serve and to gestate the biggest quantity in cows in the period postchildbirth, that which improves the production of milk and the general economy of the exploitation substantially.

401-412

Authors: Sandra Haideé Díaz Solis, Rogelio Morejón Rivera

Food security and agriculture, as a means to achieve it, are a priority in the current Cuban context, in this scenario family agriculture has a primordial role as a dynamic sector in rural areas. The objective of this work was to show the impact of the implementation of good agricultural practices in the economy and development of a farm, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative Abel Santamaria. Since 2008, supported by the Local Agricultural Innovation Project, the family began the implementation of good agricultural practices to achieve greater diversification, better land use, increase agricultural yields, protect the environment and improve living standard. For the analysis, the values of the productive and financial indicators available in the «Marco Lógico 1.0»software database were used. The results of the study revealed that it was possible to make a more adequate management of the farm, increase and diversify the production, rescue traditional practices, visualize the women role in the rural context, generate higher incomes, as well as contribute to food sustainability and to family welfare.

428-443

Authors: Alexei Yoan Martínez Robaina, Dayanis Barrios Morales, Duniesky Domínguez Palacio

Heavy metals are dangerous substances that have the ability to accumulate in soil, plants and living organisms. The objective of the following investigation was to evaluate the agroproductive factors and their incidence in the accumulation of heavy metals in soils dedicated to the cultivation of tobacco in the southern plain of the province of Pinar del Río. The samples were selected in areas representative of tobacco cultivation belonging to the southern plain of the Pinar del Rio province. Semi-structured surveys were applied from a simple random sample to a sample of 74 producers, coinciding with the number of sampling points. The survey was processed through the chi-square test, using the software purchased Pro version 1.0 and the principals components analysis. The processing of the data was done with the SPSS. The principal components analysis showed that, with five components it is possible to explain 76.88 % of the total variability extracted by the model. It was found that there is uniformity in the agronomic management actions that are carried out by the producers. The presence of all heavy metals in isolation in the first three components shows that their main source of origin is pedogenetic and is not related to agroproductive factors. The practices directed to the improvement of grounds are not generalized especially those related to the intercalation of crops and the use of organic fertilizers.

460-470

Authors: Maykel Díaz Barrio, Mayra Casas Vilardell

The environmental entrepreneurial management constitutes an important tool in the protection of the environment; because by means of it,a set of actions is established and integrated to the process of entrepreneurial administration, is possible to mitigate the environmental problems as a consequence of productive activity of the organizations. Withing the principal strategies proposed worldwide to confront the environmental problems can be found the Systems of Environmental Management conceived like a road for the enterprises to identify and to manage the environmental aspects systematically. This investigation is based on the design of a System of Environmental Management for its implementation in the Basic Unit Meat Processing Plant «30 th Anniversary of Granma's Disembark» of the Agricultural Military Enterprise of Pinar del Río, like a contribution to the mitigation of the environmental problems generated in the productions process. In this sense, an environmental diagnosis was made taking in consideration the Methodology for the Execution of the Environmental Diagnoses for obtaining the national Environmental Acknowledgement, and the requirements of the Cuban Standard (NC) ISO 14001:2015. For the application of the methodology adopted, it was made a direct observation of the correspondent activities in the productive process, documental revision, interviews and surveys to hundred percent of the sample. The principal deficiencies that affect the entity's environmental performance were evaluated, allowing the elaboration of the proposed design using the NC ISO 14001:2015.

485-496

Authors: Tania María Pérez Sanjudo, Youry Rodríguez Montano, Daniel Regalado Nuñez

The tower installed in the Company of Dairy Products and Confectionery of Pinar del Rio, does not reach the cooling temperatures that are required in the process, so it is proposed the calculation for the selection of the operating parameters and achieve the selection of a new one, that guarantees the extraction of heat to the equipment of the ice cream production line of said company. Based on the theory of the enthalpic potential described by Merkel and the method of 60 % of effectiveness, this resulted in the power of the fan, the flow of water that has to move and the dimensions of the tower that manage to dissipate the amount of heat they produce. The equipment and keep them at the proper working temperature because of a good transfer of heat.

254-263

Authors: Wilmer Toirac Arguelle, Alberto Vidal Corona, Héctor Barrero Medel

The importance of the forest like regulators of the climatic change, the necessity to use mathematical models to estimate the biomass in the forest ecosystems given by the growing tendency of the employment of the forest biomass as substitute of the fossil fuels makes possible the development of the objective of this work: to build models to estimate the biomass air green total without bark and for component in plantations of the species Pinus maestrensis Bisse in the county of Granma. In this study starting from a destructive sampling were demolished and they cubed 138 trees types of Pinus maestrensis rigorously Bisse, selected by class diamétrica with difference of a centimeter, distributed in the whole range diamétrico and of ages, being used 73 trees for the adjustment and 65 for the validation. Four regression models were evaluated, where the models that better kindness of adjustments presented the Logarithmic ones, with coefficient of determination and adjusted coefficient of determination of 88.5 % and superior, with parameters of high significance (P <0,001). The Factor of expansion of the biomass it was obtained by class diamétrica with a range 1,77 up to 1,28, and the estimated total biomass represented 98,6 % of the calculated total biomass.

274-284

Authors: Yusnely Toledo Díaz, Rolando Vergara Reina, Amarilys Pozo Contrera

The administration of causal of execution that is analyzed it is extremely important; the study of such causal sample the possibilities of the companies to take strategic decisions related with the elaboration or delivery of the product or service. It is necessary to define all the causal ones that affect the costs in each one of the activities of value; it is considered that the volume is only one among many causal of the cost. The objective to proposed and to apply a procedure that allows to determine the causal ones that affect the costs in each one of the activities of value that includes a system of strategic objectives, the tasks required to develop them and to value its execution. The obtained results can be considered as highly positive when proposing them in an orderly way a coherent administration of causal of execution; you reached the conclusion that it is necessary to continue perfecting such an administration that propitiates the achievement of a bigger efficiency and effectiveness.

298-307

Authors: Mariana Brito Rivero, Luís Guillermo Castillo González

The quick development of science and technology, the demographic growth in the world, and the faulty environmental conscience pay the way to the deterioration of the environment. Out of this, it is understood that the world must be centered in the search of solutions for the environmental crisis of the planet. This research work is directed to the Community environmental management for the girls and boys from Carlos Manuel neighborhood by means of an educative environmental program as of informal teaching, departing from the diagnosis of the environmental community reality and the integration of the components of the environment (natural, economic and social) and the elements of the new environmental knowledge, enlarging the environmental culture of the children of the community. The methods used were the dialectic-materialistic, the historical-logical, as well as the participation-action-investigation and statistical. The program laid its foundations of as of the analysis of the referring theoretical-methodological grounds assumed about the environmental community education, the environmental diagnosis of the neighborhood, object of study, and it is built, keeping in mind six moments for the development of the program, in which improvements can be appreciated in the boys and girls as to the changes of attitude, sensibility, convictions, conduct and commitment with respect to the environment.

319-328

Authors: Yosmel Valdés Roblejo, Yudemir Cruz Pérez, Héctor Barrrero Medel, Magdiel Stalin Rondón Masagué

The work was carried out to evaluate the potential of honey flora as the magnitude of main entrance of honey production system for the economic management of the Beekeeping Industry in the People's Council of Palma del Perro, Guise municipality in the province of Granma. Through an analysis of the vegetation by using the structural elements relative abundance, relative frequency value index ecological importance of honey species was calculated. 508 individuals of 42 tree species were identified, belonging to 23 botanical families grouped in 40 genera. The Tiberias Property provided 53 % of honey species not being Ortega Property Forest where only 47 % was found, in both sites converge very important species for honey production, as Zanthoxylum martinicense, Zanthoxylum elephantiasis, Trichilia hirta, Mangifera indica, and Roystonea regia. Honey species of greatest ecological importance were Roystonea regia and Nectandra coriacea, and the species showed lower ecological weight were Annona squamosa, Cedrela cubensis and Eugenia axylaris, which deserve special attention because of their limited ability to restore their populations to shocks. Knowledge of the composition and structure of vegetation allow more efficient use planning Product honey guide management compatible with the environment and reduce disturbances to the forest mass contributing to environmental sustainability, and strengthening the management of lasting value to local development.

342-355

Authors: Reinaldo Castaño de Armas, Jorge Luis Mena Lorenzo, Juan Carlos Díaz Cabrera

The investigation is guided to the improvement of the process of teaching-learning of the specialty of Accounting and Finances from a feigned company that allows to model the countable method, supported by a system of means and instruments characteristic of the profession that organize and they address the study object. It is based on a training strategy, energized in the way of the professional's performance in formation and the dialectical relationships that settle down in the internal structure of the feigned company. It was structured for their implementation, in specific actions, where they stand out as products: I design of the course of training of the community of accountants and the execution of the training program. With the objective of evaluating the validity of the training strategy, the method of experts' approach was used from theoretical and practical point of view starting from preexperiment, empiric methods as the interview, surveys, analysis of documents, observation and mathematical-statistical methods. The obtained results reveal the level of preparation of the community of accountants to direct the process of Accounting and Finances in the feigned company, contributing to the invigoration of the early formation of the countable professional's thought.