SAPIENTIAE

5-24

Authors: Eduardo Andres Sandoval Forero y José Javier Capera Figueroa

The purpose of this article is to make a description of the concept of the state present in the thinking of such theorists as Skocpol (1989), Wallerstein (2005) and Mann (2006). In order to establish the conceptual convergence that reflects the proposal of the world - system, in the autonomous actions and the autonomous power that interact in the notion of the State. In this way, it was proceed with an extensive analysis on the hemerographic production that has the theme through a rigorous systematization. In each approach we demonstrate the similarities and substantial differences that exist in the proposal, approach and methodology used by each of the exposed theorists. Where it was found that the figure of the system-world is more linked to a critical perspective, the autonomy of the State responds to a more institutional criterion, and the last, that is, autonomous power has a preponderance to have a structuralist affinity due to that in all three the State is the fundamental category. The results obtained demonstrate that the approach used by the authors mentioned has a significant difference, but it is possible to establish means of communication, to construct deeper analyzes of a subject as complex and exhaustive as can be the state for its complicated conceptualization in history, and becomes a bet where there is a kind of reflexive relationship between various approaches dedicated to the study of the state as a field of research in the social sciences.

37-63

Authors: Caridad Pastora Abreu

This article is intended to describe theoretically the Collaborative Counseling as a tool for professional improvement for the English teachers in the Blended modality; It is used a qualitative methodology , where ideas and reflections by authors such as Añorga (1997), Nieto (2005), Resende (2007), Romero, (2007), Sanchez,(2013) among others, have served as a great contribution in its realization The theme is novel and current, since collaborative counseling is conceived as a form of professional improvement, it is developed through dialogue, collaboration, exchange between the parties involved, and flexibility; It also facilitates the participation and involvement of teachers by establishing a relational climate and an affective tone, that allow them to reflect about their practice, develop metacognition and to make decisions, as its own singularities. These characteristics of collaborative counseling are viable in this new modality of higher education, which has represented a great challenge for English-language university professors, who presented Inadequacies in the direction of the teaching learning process in the mentioned modality. On the other hand, it is valid to take into account the characteristics of the English discipline and the existence of a limited number of programs aimed specifically to overcome the English language teachers’ necessity for this new modality of studies, all of which lead to the search for solutions, where the collaborative counseling ,as a way of professional improvement, could favor the direction of the English teaching – learning process in the mentioned modality.

88-91

Authors: Jorge Dávila

Resumo de Livro

87-109

Authors: Edgar Alfonso Sansores Guerrero y Susan A. McCartney

This research aims to characterize small businesses that survived (crisis 2008) in the City of Buffalo, New York, United States of America. According to the literature on the subject, the main authors cited are Chrisman et al (1999), Dahlqvist et al (2000), Fotopoulous and Louri (2000), Fritsch et al. (2006), Hannan and Freeman (1977) Littunen et al (1998), Lussier and Pfeifer (2001), Lussier (1996), Reid (1999), Van Praag (2003). The methodology used is of an explanatory type and the clustering technique (cluster) was used as an analysis tool, which allowed to determine the characteristics of the companies that survived. For information collection, a structured questionnaire was applied to 56 small enterprises established in the city of Buffalo, New York, during the period from July 2014 to November 2015. The results show that there are two groups of small surviving companies: A) the first one is made up of businesses that are characterized by a management model and an information system that allow the generation of reports (Financial Statements, Inventories, Customer Analysis, among others) for decision making and b) the second, it integrates commercial establishments that have a business strategy based on their comparative advantages and innovation in their management systems.

127-147

Authors: Adán Guillermo Ramírez García, Mario Alberto Camiro Pérez, Cesar Adrian Ramírez Miranda y Anastasio Espejel García

The Millennium Development Goals to reduce raised 400 million people the incidence of hunger by 2015; However, despite the universal recognition of the right to food, the report 2013 FAO's State of Food and Agriculture shows that 868 million people, equivalent to 12.5% of the world population, are subordinated in terms of dietary energy consumption and 2 billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. In the case of Mexico, in maize it imported nearly 11 million tons, and beef import 40% of apparent consumption, although export nearly 2 million calves to the US. In this context, this research is justified by the fact that to date there is no systematic survey of the different strategies that are following the actors in the agro-food networks. In this case the network analysis value of wheat in Sonora, as a form of study of agrifood chains in Mexico is presented, allowing an approach and understanding of the structure and dynamics of this crop under an environment of economy Free market. The importance is observed at state and national levels for wheat, especially because in recent decades the production of durum wheat is aimed at export and in the pig sector as part of balanced meals.