Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

Number 19 (1-2), 2019

1-11
Reviewing Influence of Information Asymmetry on Corporate Tax Avoidance

Authors: Manijeh Kord Manjiri, Mahdi Ahmadipanah

Abstract

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Number of views: 317

Aim of this study is to review relationship between information asymmetry and tax avoidance in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, 121 firms from listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange have been selected using a screening technique during the years 2005-2015. The data have been analyzed either in pool or panel. In this study, Levin, Lane and Chou test have been used to determine the reliability of the research variables. And the independent, dependent and control variables of the research during the research period have been stable which is tested by components of F Limer and Hausman tests and multivariate regression used for hypotheses tests. The dependent variable of this research is tax avoidance, which has been used to measure three effective tax rates, effective tax rates and permanent tax disputes. The results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between information asymmetry and effective tax rate, between information asymmetry and effective tax rate, and between asymmetric information of permanent tax dispute, relationship is negative and significant.

12-15
An Investigation into the Effect of Patient Safety Indicators on Patient Satisfaction: A Case Study of Shooshtar Maternity Hospital in Shiraz

Authors: Ayeh Negahbani, Shaghayegh Vahdat

Abstract

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Number of views: 307

Today, one of the main healthcare issues is maintaining the safety of patients in healthcare centers. Patient safety is a global health concern that affects patients in all countries, whether developed or developing countries. For this purpose, the present study investigates the effect of patient safety indicators on patient satisfaction at Shooshtar Maternity Hospital in Shiraz. Data obtained from monthly reports of the hospital during 2015-17 were used to study the research hypotheses. The hypotheses were analyzed using regression test and SPSS. Results showed that infection control parameters, anesthetic complications, blood transfusion complications, removal of surgical wound, post-surgery bleeding, accidental perforation, surgical wound infections, normal delivery with or without instrumentation and birthrate had a significant effect on patient satisfaction.

16-23
A Clinical Evaluation of Daruharidra (Berberis aristata D.C.) in cases of Giardiasis

Authors: Syed Sadiq Abbas, Agha Parvez Masih, S. Shabihe Raza Baqri, Mohd Yusuf, Kumar Gaurav Bajpai

Abstract

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Number of views: 300

Daruharidra (Berberis aristata D.C.) has been described in ancient Ayurvedic texts for treatment of Jaundice, Skin diseases and abdominal diseases etc. Hence the present study was carried out in randomly selected cases of stool +ve Giardiasis. The stem and root of Berberis aristata (BA) was administered in capsules after drying in shade and rough grinding. Out of 268 cases with abdominal symptoms and ill health 69 were found +ve for Giardiasis only. These were treated with 1 gm BD of the Berberis aristata powder for 14 days. Ninety-five percent cases were found free of parasites in stool after treatment. The clinical, Stool microscopic and hematological profiles were studied. The haematological profiles of the patients were improved after 1 month and 1.5 month of treatment. There was significant improvement in clinical profile of patients treated with Berberis aristata. The demographic characteristics of patients were also studied but there was no any correlation between demographic details and infestation of Giardia lamblia.

24-27
Length Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Cultured Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walabum, 1792)

Authors: Ishtiyaq Ahmad, Imtiaz Ahmed

Abstract

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Number of views: 363

A Length Weight Relationship (LWR) and condition factor of cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. A total of 144 specimens were used obtained from National fish farm Laribal, Dachigam during January 2017 to December 2018. The coefficient ‘b’ value of LWR showed negative allometric (b<3) growth throughout the year except in the months of October and December, where the positive allometric growth pattern was reported (b>3). In order to generate more precise information, a trend line graph was draw to compare condition of fish in different months, which indicated declining growth pattern condition. The condition factor showed an overt variation with highest value was reported during the breeding season. The result obtained in this study will be useful for the improvement of production and quality of trout under cultured condition.

28-30
Systolic Blood Pressure and Physical Fitness in Security Personnel: A Cross Sectional Study

Authors: Nadya Gratia Juliawan, Listya Tresnanti Mirtha, Muchtarudin Mansyur

Abstract

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Number of views: 275

Background: According to the duty, security personnel must take care of their health especially their cardiovascular function to do their job optimally. Measuring systolic blood pressure is one of several ways to determine the cardiovascular condition that will affecting security personnel performance. Purpose: To find the correlation between systolic blood pressure and physical performance (determined by the result of Cooper 12-minutes running test as one component of Kesamaptaan Jasmani test) among security personnel in Faculty Medicine of Universitas Indonesia. Methods: 35 security personnel who the blood pressure already measured were taking Cooper 12-minutes running test. The data analysis then processed using SPSS Version 20 and the analysis was done analytically. The normality of the data was analyzed using Saphiro-Wilk and the correlation between the variables was analyzed using Pearson (if normal) or Spearman (if abnormal). Result: The analysis showed the distribution of the systolic pressure data is abnormal (p = 0.000). The correlation between the two variables then analyzed using Spearman method. The result shows there is a really weak correlation between systolic blood pressure and cardiorespiratory performance (correlation = -0.05). According to another study, systolic blood pressure has significant correlations with power, muscular endurance, agility, and VO2 max. However, the weak correlation in this study may be due to other factors that also affecting the result i.e. age, and level of physical activity. Conclusion: Future investigations must be done with more samples and there may be other factors affecting the Cooper test result that can be explained.

31-36
Isometric was better than Isotonic Neck Stretching to Reduce Pain and Creatinine Kinease in Non-specific Neck Pain in Caring Students of Swadhyaseni Middle High School, Badung, Bali

Authors: Thomas Eko Purwata, I. Komang Sri Mahendra Putra, I. G. N. Purna Putra, I. Putu Eka Widyadharma

Abstract

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Number of views: 319

Neck pain is frequently complained by workers with static neck position. Complaints accompanied by discomfort around the neck muscles without any sensory disturbances or radiating pain, without specific causes such as history of neck trauma, neck malignancy or anatomical structural abnormalities. The samples were taken from carving students of Swadhyaya Middle School Badung. We evaluated 18 students divided into 2 groups: one with isometric neck stretches and another with isotonic neck stretches, 9 subjects each. The paired t-test found the number of decrease in NPRS in the isometric group was greater than isotonic group and the difference was statistically significant. The results of the unpaired student t-test obtained a mean decrease in NPRS in the isometric group greater than isotonic with a value of P = 0.00 (p <0.01). Creatine kinase levels in the isometric group showed no significant difference, whereas creatine kinase levels in the isotonic group showed that the increase was not significantly different, the results of the independent student t test showed values not significantly different from the isometric and isotonic groups with the intention of p = 0.284 (p> 0.01). These results indicate isometric stretching is more effective in reducing the scale of NPRS pain in non-specific neck pain compared to isotonic stretches, isometric and isotonic stretching techniques are equally less effective in reducing creatine kinase levels.

37-47
An Analytical Framework for the Determinants of Infant Mortality based on 2005 – 06 NFHS Data in India

Authors: Anu Sirohi, Piyush Kant Rai

Abstract

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Number of views: 280

Infant mortality is an important indicator of nation’s socio-economic welfare. There are many socio-economic, demographic and environmental determinants of infant mortality. As infant has an innate relationship with the mother, therefore the maternal health programmes have also very important repercussion on infant health. The above two dimensions of infant mortality have seldom been examined together in infants-based studies. Thus, the survival analysis for infants regarding its several determinants along with maternal health programmes and their impact is seen in the study. The paper applies Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model using National Family Health Survey data 2005-06, in India, to demonstrate the risk of infant death with the above said factors. Poor households are more likely to experience infant deaths than rich and middle households. Maternal health programmes have a significant effect on infant mortality, but the inclusion of breastfeeding, mother education and wealth index make these results insignificant. This study indicates that there is a need to increase birth spacing, improve mother’s education level, encourage breastfeeding and discourage teenage pregnancy in order to achieve the desired outcome of reducing infant mortality. Many interesting facets of the successful implementation of government and non-government policies on the improvement of infant survival are also discussed.

48-55
Assessment of Socio-Demographic Factors with Knowledge and Attitiudes of Pakistani Married Women (15-49 Years) towards HIV/AIDS Transmission

Authors: Rukiya Tariq, Quratulain Bashir, Tanzeel Ul Rahman

Abstract

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Number of views: 277

Introduction: Despite of improvement in knowledge, diagnostics, prevention and treatment; HIV/AIDS is highly discriminated and stigmatized worldwide. Objective: To determine the association of various socio-demographic characteristics with knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS transmission among married women. Study Design and Setting: For this purpose, secondary analysis was done using data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2014. Materials and Methods: Study design was cross-sectional. Only ever married women were included as participants of the study. Result: Significant associations were found between sociodemographic factors i.e., women age (p-value = 0.001), women education (p-value = 0.001), wealth index (p-value = 0.001), access to media (p-value = 0.001), type of place of residence (p-value = 0.01), marital status (p-value<0.05) with knowledge and attitudes of women towards HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Despite of having high odds of appropriate knowledge of HIV/AIDS transmission; attitudes of Pakistani women towards HIV/AIDS transmission were still negative. Programs need to be designed in order to reverse the negative attitudes of community towards HIV/AIDS transmission.

56-64
Effect of Vermicompost on the Growth Performance of Indian Major Carps in Fish Rearing Pond

Authors: Suresh Kumar, Sunita Godara

Abstract

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Number of views: 300

Different organic manures vermicompost @ 15000, vermicompost @ 10000, cow dung @ 10000, poultry manure @ 6000, pig manure @ 4000 kg/ha/yr and control used to monitored their effect on growth performance of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. The results revealed that all the three species gained maximum length in vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr followed by vermicompost @ 15,000 kg/ha/yr, cow dung @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr, poultry manure @ 6,000 kg/ha/yr, pig manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr and control. Among the 3 species C. mrigala showed maximum increase in body length which was 33.4 cm followed by L. rohita and C. catla was 32.1, 31.3 cm in vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr treatment. The minimum length of C. mrigala, L. rohita, C. catla observed in pond treated control. But in case of C. mrigala, the result revealed that the maximum increase in body length in vermicompost > poultry manure > cow dung > pig manure and control, respectively. All the three species gained maximum growth in vermicompost. Among the 3 species L. rohita showed maximum growth followed by C. catla and C. mrigala. There was two times more growth of Indian major carps in pond treated with vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr as compared to control.

65-70
Ovarian Impairment in Fish, Channa punctata (Bloch) on Exposure to Mercuric Chloride, Caldan 50 SP and their Mixture

Authors: Shalini Rai, Kamlesh K. Yadav, Sunil P. Trivedi

Abstract

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Number of views: 286

Extensive and arbitrary use of pesticides in agriculture and heavy metals in industries as catalysts have caused impending hazards to aquatic organisms. Fishes occupying higher positions in trophic level of the aquatic food chain suffers the most due to the industrial discharge and agrochemicals. Reproductive system is one of the most important systems which gets affected to a great extent and in turn affect the reproductive processes and fecundity of animals. Present investigation deals with both synergistic and individual effects of mercuric chloride (MC), an industrial effluent and Caldan 50SP (C50SP), on the histological profile of ovary of a fresh water food fish Channa punctata (Bloch) after 15, 30 and 60 days of exposure periods. Notable histopathological findings include deshaped ovum, ruptured ovarian epithelium, stromal hemorrhage and vacuolization in the ovaries. The extent of ovarian damage was exposure dependent under the impact of individual toxicants, however their synergistic effects pronounced more severe damage even when individual toxicants were in lesser concentration and exposure time was also comparatively less. The results obtained will be helpful to understand the combined effect of MC and C50SP on the ovary of fishes and these findings are quite suggestive of reproductive impairments leading to delayed ovarian maturity and adversely affecting process of ovulation and thus, fish production.

71-75
Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induced Toxicological Effects on Reproductive System of Female Mice Mus-Musculus

Authors: Anjali Singh, Ravish Kumar, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Kumar Sanbhav Singh and Tanuja

Abstract

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Number of views: 275

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is an environmental endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. It impairs the structural and functional aspects of female reproduction and also alters the molecular, endocrinological, cytological and biochemical aspects, causing ovarian cycle irregularity and infertility. DEHP was orally administered at lower dose of 10 mg/kg bwt to mice for six to twenty four weeks period which resulted in alterations of the serum levels of hormones estrogen and progesterone. The altered values of hormones were found to be statistically very significant (P<0.001). The present study indicated the adverse effects of exposure of DEHP on female reproductive health.