Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

66-71

Authors: Neelam Singh and Madhu Tripathi

Fluoride contamination in aquatic ecosystem has been recognized as one of the major problems worldwide and it is imposing a serious threat to aquatic organisms. It induces adverse physiological and biochemical effect in animals. The present study has been planned to observe toxic effect of Sodium fluoride on antioxidative biomarkers like LPO, SOD, and GSH in a fresh water catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Fish were exposed to two sub lethal concentrations of Sodium fuoride for 30 days. After exposure, fish were sacrificed for collection of tissues for biochemical assay. It was found that SOD, GSH decreased significantly while LPO increased significantly in treated ash as compared to control. Results indicate concentration dependent induction of oxidative stress and subsequent alternations in the activities of non enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants like LPO, GSH and SOD.

78-87

Authors: Fardin Vakili, Nemat Tahmasebi, Sairan Tahmasebi, Delaram Tahmasebi

Entrepreneurs are creative, innovative, risk taking, dynamic, flexible, and brave, opportunity recognizer, and leadership potentiality, and network builder, independent and self-reliant people. Entrepreneurship is a key factor on (1) Economical Growth and Development of countries (2) Providing employment and job opportunity (3) Enhancing productivity and production capabilities (4) Contributing to the high levels of creativity and innovation and (5) Creating wealth and providing educate welfare. All new ideas and knowledge should be converted to profitable and useful products and services. And education for creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship should start from very early stages of childhood. This research is about role of education in Entrepreneurship development. This research is consisted of a main hypothesis based on There is a meaningful relation between education and Entrepreneurship development. Method and materials: This research has been done based on researching the key words Entrepreneurship, Education, Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurship Process, Entrepreneurship Typology, Education Strategy and Virtual Organization. It also includes the researcher’s manual attempt in journals and related materials. Conclusion: This research is a descriptive research. Based on the results of research, entrepreneurs needs be determined by Education Process., finally, has been observed that there is an average and upward between, Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurship development Process.

98-102

Authors: Soma Muzafari, Soran Mowlaie, Kamyar Bahmani

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Materialism and Financial Risk and with the mediating role of propensity toward indebtedness and emotions So 102 private banks customers in sanandaj were selected with stratified Sampling by using kocran’s formula after collecting 30 primary questionnaire and calculating final sample number. This study is an applied research and the method is correlational research component and the data collection method was a quantitative research. Measurement tools are standard questionnaire. First Face validity confirmed by related professors of university and then the content validity confirmed by CFA test and PLS software. Pearson correlation tests and SEM were used to test hypothesis relationships. Results show that there is a meaningful negative relationship between Materialism and propensity toward indebtedness and also positive relationship between propensity toward indebtedness and emotions and also propensity toward indebtedness and Financial Risk.

112-117

Authors: Mohsen Ghotbi, Mehdi Sohrabi, Hamid Reza Taheri, Ezzat Khodashenas

The visual perception is completely associated with successful performance of motor skills. Development of Children’s perceptual abilities considerably improved motor function or weakens. So awareness of the developmental status of visual perception is essential. The purpose of this study was to compare depth perception of 7-9 years old children Characterized by developmental coordination disorder (DCD) with healthy children. Participants were 80 male subjects, 40 subjects with developmental coordination disorder and 40 healthy peers that selected on available sampling. All have normal vision or were modified. Depth perception of subjects was evaluated in three times by the depth perception model D9009. The average error of depth perception was used as the depth perception score. Independent T-test results showed significant difference between healthy children and DCD. The average error in the healthy children was significantly lower (MD = 9.45). From the results can be concluded that weaker motor functions and motor delay and consequently the DCD has negative impact on the visual perception of depth. Therefore, in dealing with these people due to the importance of depth perception in motor function, attention to this matter is essential.

130-135

Authors: Abobakr Ravand, Chun Yuanhan and Seyed Abbas Afsanepurak

In 1997, Sport and Environment Commission was established in an attempt to reduce destructive effects resulted from sports activities in environment by raising awareness among athletes, managers, authorities, and organizers of sports events in order for the athletes be able to carry out their sports activities in a healthy environment. The present study was carried out in order to examine the awareness status and sanitary and environmental interest among Sanandaj citizens and its relationship with the rate of their participation in physical activities.The statistical population included the outdoor and indoor sports spaces (a minimum of 250 m2) and the citizens of Sanandaj, Naysar, and Hasanabad. The study sample consisted of 22 sports places and 380 participating citizens. The sample size was determined based on the proportion of the society to the minimum required sample size with an appropriate error limit. Data collection tools included a researcher-designed questionnaire and two data collection forms. The reliability coefficient of the sports participation questionnaire was 0.743 and the reliability of the sanitary and environmental checklist was 0.952. Descriptive statistics was employed in order to analyze the collected data, and one sample t-test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze correlation using SPSS 20.0. The results of the present study indicated that the level of awareness of the environmental and sanitary status of the sports places among the citizens was favorable. However, there was no significant relationship between awareness and sanitary and environmental interest and the level of participation in physical activities among Sanandaj citizens (p = 0.601, r = 0.079 and p = 0.712, r = 0.11, respectively). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the citizens’ participation in physical activities and demographic characteristics of gender and education level (p = 0.725, r = 0.31); however, it was significant between age and participation in physical activities (p = 0.008, r = 0.430). Therefore, according to the results of the present study, it is recommended that sports managers and planners of Sanandaj attempt to maintain and raise the citizens’ awareness of an interest in environmental and sanitary status of sports places and provide different age groups with various choices in order to motivate them to participate in sports activities.

1-6

Authors: Hyun-Seob Cho and Moon-Hee Choi

Background/Objectives: Environmentally-friendly construction material means the production and installation of the construction materials with reduced energy use and environmental load. The area includes environmentally-friendly construction finishing materials, energy-saving material technologies, etc. They try to make a growth in connection with regional industries by way of convergence industrialization of marine resource materials, getting out of the limit of utilizing the mud resource. Methods/Statistical analysis: Survey has been Step 4(Environmentally-friendly Materials, Insulation and Heat Storage Performance, Provides Comfortable Environment, Natural Deodorization Function) program. Findings: Environmentally friendly construction material markets grow continuously because the mud products may replace the role of red clay products in the construction material market, so we can expect demand for the mud products to be high in future. Improvements/Applications: Based on the awareness built up by the activation of mud festival, it is required to strengthen the competitiveness of the community industry using mud, the representative resource in Boryeong City, converting value added industry that is life care industry.

13-21

Authors: Rubina M. Nadaf and C. B. Ganesh

The present study was conducted to determine the avifaunal diversity in lakes of Dharwad city. Of the three lakes studied, highest number of species was recorded in Sadhankeri followed by Kelageri and Nuggikeri lakes. A total of 53 species of birds spread over 31 families and 15 orders were documented in three lakes of Dharwad. Maximum species of birds belonged to Passeriformes followed by Charadriiformes, Pelecaniformes, Anseriformes, Coraciiformes, Cuculiformes, Accipitriformes, Gruiformes and Columbiformes, whereas Psittaciformes, Piciformes, Bucerotiformes, Ciconiformes, Suliformes and Podicipediformes consisted of one species each. The Passeriformes was dominant with 10 families, whereas Charadriiformes, Coraciiformes and Pelecaniformes contributed to five, three and two families each, respectively. The richness in avian diversity in these lakes might be due to availability of food and favorable ecological conditions that support breeding and nesting behaviors.

27-31

Authors: Hyo Jin Lee and Jung Wan Kim

As for degraded cognitive ability observed in the elderly population, early detection and efficient care are feasible through language-communication assessment protocol in the use of tablet device. Language-communication assessment in the use of tablet device has made objectivity and consistency of the suggestion of test items, convenience of preservation and record of the performance ability, and suggestion of norm on the language ability possible. This study has identified elements, to be considered to suggest the language-communication assessment protocol development platform in the use of service-oriented architecture (SOA) through the group interview with speech pathologists and engineering specialists. The necessity of language-communication assessment protocol development for tablet device has been identified in three domains including the assessment method, mobility, and efficiency & accuracy. However, it was revealed that uniqueness of sub-category of language-communication assessment and environment and expenses of using devices shall be considered at the same time to realize them. Since SOA provides the custom applied programs by considering the role of user, circumstances of wireless communication and remaining electricity of tablet device in connection with previous services, it is expected to make efficient language communication assessment feasible on the elderly for a long time.

37-41

Authors: Jong-Bae Choi, Sung-Ryoung Ma and Bo-Kyoung Song

Stroke patients often decreased upper extremity function that occurred pain and edema. We researched the effects of resting hand splints on hand pain and on edema in patients with stroke in the acute stage. Participants were randomly allocated to the experiment group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). All participants were treated with general rehabilitation treatment for 30 mins/daily, five days/week, for 12 weeks. In addition, participants in the experiment group wore resting hand splints. The data collected for the study were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The statistical significance level was set at α = .05. According to the intervention, the changes in the experimental group proved significant differences. By contrast, significant differences were not seen in the control group. In comparing the changes between the groups, significant differences were found in the experiment group in Visual Analogue Scale and in volume of hand, but not in Modified Ashworth Scale. This study researched the effects of resting hand splints on pain and edema in hands of patients in the acute stage of stroke. Significant decreases were found in hand pain and edema in experiment group. Therefore, resting hand splint will in turn contribute to improved upper limb function in stroke patients.

52-58

Authors: Doo Hee Han

Background/Objectives: Since food waste was prohibited from being buried in the ground, each municipal government has installed food waste treatment facilities, and has treated the food waste by a method of making compost or feeds. Methods/Statistical analysis: However, in case of compost, salt could not be removed, accordingly the compost acted as a factor in withering the crops or hampering their growth. In case of making feeds, a problem of killing livestock was caused because it was not possible to remove toxicity that might be contained in the food. Therefore, a vicious circle was created, where food waste that could not be used as compost or feeds became waste again even after being treated. Findings: As a result, we got 4431 kcal/kg as a heating low value from the dried food waste, so after heating around 400 °C, the exhausting gas can be used as a fuel. Also we got the useful components ratio of 0.42%(N), 0.02%(P) and 0.4%(K) from condensate water, so this condensate can be used to liquid compost. Improvements/Applications: Therefore, this paper suggests measures for recycling the dried food waste into feeds or compost, reducing fuel costs by recycling the dry remainder into fuel, recycling the carbonized residues into cover soil, and utilizing condensate generated in this process as deodorant, external carbon source and liquid fertilizer.