Journal of Natural Remedis

169-180

Authors: Preethi Mohan, Madhumita Kumar, Abhayakumar Misra, P. Rammanohar

Aegle marmelos is a folklore medicine which is widely consumed as an anti-hyperglycaemic drug, its properties are known since prehistoric times. Plenty of cell line as well as animal research have reported the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the drug. Even though quality researches are necessary to fulfil further human studies and marketing, no quality assessments for these studies have been undertaken till date. The aim was to critically analyse the quality standards and evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic potential of A. marmelos in rodent model researches. The search strategy was done using the key words ‘Aegle marmelos, along with ‘Diabetes or Hyperglycaemia,’ in different databases like PubMed (n = 45), Google Scholar (n = 43) and Science Direct (n = 46). However, the filter used during the search was ‘Animal experimentation’. All animal experimentations collected with the keyword search was analysed for the inclusion criteria like serum glucose estimation as primary outcome, timeline of publication 1997 to 2017 in English and treatments containing any part and any form of A. marmelos in single or in combination. Based on the inclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected for the review. Data extraction underwent a blind procedure independently by two reviewers. If full texts were not available, communicating the authors was also tried and all the four authors responded. All the studies selected after screening were given unique codes, to ensure blind review. Result observed indicated higher reduction of serum glucose levels in hyperglycaemia-induced rodent models. After administering the drug, significant changes were observed in total cholesterol as well as triglycerides. Rest of the LDL, HDL, SOD and serum insulin were an in-significant find. Sample size calculation was not mentioned in any of the studies. Only 9% of the studies reported on blinding and 18% reported on randomisation. This might have affected the internal validity of the studies. It can be concluded that A. marmelos is effective in lowering the serum glucose levels in experimental hyperglycaemia. Further research has to be conducted to explore its target specific mode of action. This may lead to the development of an effective anti-hyperglycaemic drug with minimal side effects.

188-197

Authors: Lulung Lanova Hersipa, Katrin, Anton Bahtiar

Alternative therapies for postmenopausal conditions are needed because of the high risks that outweigh the benefits of using hormone replacement therapy. Equol is metabolized from daidzein and is well-known as a supplement for postmenopausal conditions. Lately, liquiritigenin is also known to have a good effect on postmenopausal conditions. The aim of this study was to note the effect of the combination of Eleutherina bulbosa 70% Ethanol Extract (EEB) containing daidzein and Vigna unguiculata (EVU) containing liquiritigenin to obtain a better effect for uterine morphology, vaginal histopathology, and hot flushes. The other aim was to analyze the pharmacokinetic interaction that can affect the level of equol from EVU. Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, 32 rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and 4 rats were Sham. Rats were divided into 9 groups: Sham group (CMC), negative group (CMC), positive group (raloxifene), EVU (100 mg/200g BW), EEB (18 mg/200g BW), The four various doses of combination EEB and EVU (D1-D4) were, EVU dosage was 100 mg/200 g BW and EEB were 36 mg, 18 mg, 9 mg, 4.5 mg/200 g BW respectively. Equol in rat serum was analyzed using HPLC/UV-V is in an isocratic condition. Observation of hot flushes was carried out every week, uterus weight wet and vaginal epithelium at the end of the treatment. The D3 and D4 combination decreased the average tail skin temperature 1.86±0.31°C and 1.83± 0.20°C respectively and the rectal temperature 0.58±0.49°C and 0.71±0.28°C (P<0.05). All groups except Sham did not increase the weight of the uterus. The D3 group increased vaginal epithelial thickness to 38.24 ± 6.47 μm (P<0.05). The combination did not significantly change equol pharmacokinetic parameters. The combination of Eleutherina bulbosa 70% ethanol extract (EEB) and Vigna unguiculata is better than EVU and EEB alone in reduced post-menopause syndrome in hypoestrogen rats without changing equol pharmacokinetic parameters.

206-213

Authors: P. K. Tripathi, S. Gehlot

Introduction: Notion of Prakriti as an indispensable concept in Ayurveda has attained remarkable contemplation now a day’s owing to its generous effect in clinical practice. Assessment of Prakriti finds a way with huge inter and intra-rater variability resulting in ambiguous results. This study aims to develop a reliable Prakriti assessment tool. Materials and Methods: Many classical text books of Ayurveda were scrutinized scrupulously to collect the features of different Prakriti individuals. Features related to different Prakriti were kept in simple form. For statistical verification of newly designed tool; 428 students aged between 18-40 years studying different courses at Banaras Hindu University were registered. For validation; Prakriti assessment results of the newly designed tool was compared with other two beforehand tools functional in the Department of Kriya Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS BHU. Observations and Result: A Prakriti evaluation tool was designed which had 43, 36 and 42 features of Vata, Pitta and Kapha Prakriti individuals in a very undemanding form. Reliability test result in the form of Cronbach’s coefficient Alpha was found to be 69, 77 and 81 respectively for Vata, Pitta and Kapha. It shows that the newly designed tool is fairly consistent. Cohen kappa coefficient value for tool pairs is 0.51 and 0.57 that corroborate validity of new tool. Conclusion: Results show that newly designed Prakriti assessment tool amalgamates the basic construction of different Prakritis that can be catered with objective precision in a reproducible outcome manner.

221-235

Authors: Arhin Isaiah, Dwarka Depika, Bissessur Ajay, Naicker Delon, Mackraj Irene