Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education

9-13

Authors: Werlayne Leite, Richard Pollard

Professional sports teams derive an advantage from playing at home; this phenomenon is known as home advantage. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude of home advantage between levels 1 and 2 of women’s football leagues. A total of 10 countries were included, each for the most recent 9 seasons, resulting in 31,186 matches analysed. A preliminary analysis of the results was carried out in order to assess the difference in home advantage between level 1 and level 2 for each country separately. A two-sided paired t-test was used and the effect size was reported using Cohen’s d statistic. A general linear model was fitted and after adjusting for differences between seasons and between countries, the main finding was that there existed a small, yet significant difference between the home advantage of the two levels, with level 2 (mean of 55.5%) higher than at level1 (mean of 54.6%). The results therefore suggest that in women’s football there occurs the same phenomenon that has been shown to exist in women’s water polo and handball, and in men’s football. Some of the main factors that have been found to explain home advantage in men’s football appear to operate in a slightly different way when applied to women’s football. These are crowd support, familiarity, referees bias, travel effects and psychological factors.

21-26

Authors: Amel Mekic, Erol Vrevic, Pavle Malovic, Safet Kapo, Husnija Kajmovic

Judo and karate are polystructural acyclic sports, which require development of a great number of human abilities and characteristics. Although both are martial arts, they differ greatly in the requirements and quality of performance of individual movements. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the quality of performing movements between karatekas, judokas and non-athletes. The respondents were 60 young people (14.1 - 14.6 years), 20 of which belonged to the group of "judokas", 20 to the group of "karatekas" and 20 to the group of "non-athletes". All individuals were physically and mentally healthy, and were fit to undergo testing. The sample of variables consisted of 7 tests, which belong to the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) method of testing the movement functionality. By using the ANOVA test, in 4 variables showed up statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Group of non-athletes has the lowest values in all tests, especially in deep squat, active straight-leg raise, and rotary stability. Judokas performed the lowest values in the shoulder mobility test. The main conclusions of this paper are that training content should be specific to sports, and sports (in this case martial arts) have a positive effect on the development of the locomotor system, which could be useful for properly perform basic movements which humans use in everyday life.

33-36

Authors: Izet Bajramovic, Srdjan Redzepagic, Dusko Bjelica, Dragan Krivokapic, Eldin Jeleskovic, Slavenko Likic

Closure of all educational institutions as well as various facilities for sports and recreation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the adoption of social movement restrictions, impaired the possibility of maintaining healthy living habits of the student population. The aim of this research was to identify changes in healthy living habits and exercise approach of sports-active female students, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to prevent possible harmful consequences on their physical fitness level. The sample of respondents were female students (n=110; 22.1±1.69 years of age), who stated that they were active members of various sports clubs during the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey questionnaire was used in the study to assess a healthy lifestyle. The analysis of the obtained answers within the survey questionnaire was evaluated in relation to the percentage values of the frequencies of these answers. The results indicate that the level of regular and planned physical exercise of sports-active female students decreased by 41.7% during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the level of their physical condition decreased by 38.2%. Changes in eating habits were recorded in 50% of female sportsactive female students, while 36.3% of them reported changes in weight gain. The largest number of sportsactive female students practiced basic exercises for body shaping, relaxation and stretching (89.2%) and strength exercises with own body weight as load intensity (82.4%). Accordingly, it is also necessary to find possible ways, in order to raise awareness of the importance of maintaining their sports and healthy living habits. This primarily refers to maintaining their healthy physical condition, which is also related to their eating habits, as well as preventing the possible occurrence of undesirable health conditions. Such different approaches may apply to all future pandemic conditions, or similar life-threatening conditions.

45-55

Authors: Miljan Hadzovic, Ana Lilic, Nikola Prvulovic, Predrag Ilic, Mima Stankovic

Numerous authors recommend participation in various types of aerobic exercise, pointing out their positive effects both in terms of the prevention of various illnesses, and in the improvement of one’s health status. The increasingly popular group fitness programs, as preprogrammed forms of physical exercise to music, have positive effects on body composition among women, such as a decrease in body mass and fat, and thus lead to an improvement in overall physical appearance. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise to music on body composition and subcutaneous fat among young women. In order to compile data from existing research on the effects of aerobic exercise on young women, the following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, SCIndeks, PEDro, J-GATE, DOAJ and Google Scholar. The systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reports for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Papers dating from 2006 to 2019 were analyzed. The research results confirm the positive influence of aerobic exercise to music on the parameters of body composition and subcutaneous fat among young women, irrespective of the overall duration of the exercise programs, with the conclusion that programs lasting up to 12 weeks are more effective when it comes to the decrease and maintenance of body weight, fat reduction, increase in muscle tissue, and lead to an improvement in aerobic abilities. The best effects of this type of exercise at an intensity level of 50 to 80% of maximum heart rate are primarily achieved among obese and overweight individuals.

63-66

Authors: Zainal Ilmi, Dio Caisar Darma, Musdalifah Azis

COVID-19 is the biggest pandemic of the 20th century and has hurt humans. Apart from death, this virus also has an impact on the social, economic, and educational fields. Like it or not, COVID-19 causes most schools and campuses to change their learning patterns. This paper tries to discuss freedom of learning, educational management, and challenges in industry 4.0 for Indonesia during this outbreak. With these 3 objectives, we use a literature review approach. The first conclusion is that the independence of learning in Indonesia has not been optimal so far, because in general many teachers and lecturers still use the old pattern (they are the centers of learning). The second affirmation is that education management in Indonesia is still traditionally based, meaning that the use of learning media (for example online) is not fully used. Third, in terms of Industry 4.0, education in schools and campuses, there is an obligation to take advantage of IoT with the aim that students and students can think critically, develop creativity, hone soft skills to communicate, and train to collaborate with various parties. The biggest job is under the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, to evaluate the education curriculum and make extra policies to accelerate the civilization of education during COVID-19.