Biotechnologia Acta

7-15

Authors: E. F. Yilmaz, P. P. Arayici, A. M. Maharramov, Z. Mustafaeva

In this review the authors analyzed the sheep pox disease, which occurs outbreaks all over the world particularly in Asia and Africa causing substantial losses in trade of animal and animal products. They categorized the sheep pox disease is one of the prioritized groups of diseases against which the World Organization for Animal Health is fighting. Data concerning a sheep poxes’ history, epidemiology, epizootiology, mortality and economic impact, clinical and pathological signs, features of capripoxvirus that forms the disease are given. Diagnosis treatment and vaccine have been investigated as well. The main conclusion is done according which the designing of new vaccine generation against the sheep pox disease could be as an alternative approach against sheep pox.

28-38

Authors: M. A. Galkin, О. Yu. Chunihin, A. O. Pastukhov, R. V. Sivko, O. V. Leshchenko, O. O. Bochechka, N. G. Pozdnyakova, Т. O. Borisova

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of detonation nanodiamond preparations from different batches cleaned from impurities by diverse methods of chemical treatment on the membrane potential and glutamate transport characteristics of rat brain nerve terminals. The size of nanodiamond particles vary from 10–20 nm to 10 μm. There are carbonyl, hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups on the surface of the particles. Physical-chemical properties such as a magnetic susceptibility and the amount of incombustible residue in samples of detonation nanodia-mond vary depending on the synthesis regime and the method of chemical cleaning of the product and therefore, the neuroactive properties of nanodiamonds from different batches can be different. It was shown by dynamic light scattering analysis that nanodiamond preparations from different batches treated by diverse technologies of chemical treatment had varied average size of particles and distribution of particles by size. Nanodiamond preparations from different batches changed the plasma membrane potential and caused membrane depolarization of nerve terminals. Analysis of the effects of nanodiamonds on transporter-mediated L-[14C]glutamate uptake by nerve terminals also revealed that all studied nanodiamond preparations decreased abovementioned parameter. Therefore, detonation nanodiamonds from different batches have similar principal effects on functional state of nerve terminals, however variability in their physical and chemical properties is associated with diverse strength of these effects.

50-57

Authors: P. Pirog, I. V. Sidor, D. A. Lutsai

The aim of the work was to study the effect of calcium and magnesium cations on NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity (key enzyme of biosynthesis of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ІMV B-7241 surface-active aminolipids) followed by modification of medium composition and determining antimicrobial and antiadhesive activity of synthesized surfactants. The strain IMV B-7241 was grown in medium with ethanol. NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity of the cell-free extract was analyzed using the formation of glutamate in the oxidation of NADPH. Surfactants were extracted from supernatant of cultural liquid by mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1). Antimicrobial against bacteria properties of the surfactants were determined by index of the minimal inhibitory concentration. The number of attached cells and the degree of biofilm destruction were analyzed spectrophotometrically. It was established that in the presence of 10 mM Cа2+ and Mg2 NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the cell-free extract increased to 1.5 times in comparison with that without cations. Increasing concentration of magnesium sulfate to 0.2 g/l, or adding CaCl2 (0.1 g/l) into cultivation medium of IMV B-7241 strain was accompanied by rise of NADP+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity in 2.4 and 3.0 times respectively, as well as increasing antimicrobial and antiadhesive activity of synthesized surfactants. Minimal inhibitory concentration of surfactants synthesized in modified media against some bacteria was in 1.3−3.5 times, adhesion on abiotic surfaces treated with such surfactants in an average of 7−13% lower, and the degree of biofilm destruction in 7−13% higher as compared to indicators for the surfactant produced in the base medium. The obtained results indicated the possibility of regulating antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activity of surfactants under producer cultivation.

72-81

Authors: V. K. Klochkov, V. P. Kaliman, N. A. Karpenko, N. S. Kavok, M. Yu. Malyukina, S. L. Yefimova, Y. V. Malyukin

The purpose of the research was to find the influence of rare-earth based nanoparticles (CeO2, GdVO2: Eu3+) on the oxidative balance in rats. We analyzed biochemical markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation level, nitric oxide metabolites, sulfhydryl groups content) and enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) in tissues of rats. It has been found that administration of both types of the nanoparticles increased nitric oxide metabolites and products of lipid peroxidation in liver and spleen within 5 days. At injections of GdVO2: Eu3+ lipid peroxidation products, nitric oxide metabolites in serum at 5, 10 and 15 days of the experiment was also increased whereas the level of sulfhydryl groups decreased compared to the intact state and the control. In contrast, under the influence of nanoparticle CeO2 level diene conjugates were not significantly changed and the level of nitric oxide metabolites within 15 day even decreased. During this period, under the influence of both types of nanoparticles the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased, catalase activity was not changed. Oxidative stress coefficient showed the less pronounced CeO2 prooxidant effect (2.04) in comparison to GdVO2: Eu3+ (6.89). However, after-effect of both types of nanoparticles showed complete restoration of oxidative balance values.