Biotechnologia Acta

9-21

Authors: S. M. Shulga, O. A. Tigunova, Y. B. Blume

Energy and environmental crisis facing the world force us to reconsider the effectiveness or find an alternative use of renewable natural resources, especially organic «waste» by using environmentally friendly technologies. Microbial conversion of renewable resources of biosphere to produce useful products, including biofuels, currently is an actual biotech problem. Anaerobic bacteria of Clostridiaceae family are known as butanol producers, but unfortunately, the microbiological synthesis is currently not economical one. In order to make cost-effective aceton-butanol-ethanol fermentation, solventproducing strains using available cheap raw materials, such as agricultural waste or plant biomass, are required. Opportunities and ways to obtaine economic and ecological processing of lignocellulosic wastes for biobutanol creation are described in the review .

33-42

Authors: O. A. Vasylchenko, V. V. Sologub, K. K. Vasylchenko

Nowadays, the value of bactericidal nanomaterials research increases at the increasing number of bacteria strains resistant to the most highly potent antibiotics. In the review the characteristic of nanoparticles and methods for their production are done. The scope of nanoparticles application is observed, special attention is focused on silver nanoparticles usage in medicine, in particular, as bactericidal products. It is indicated that nanoparticles may have toxic effects. Much attention is paid to nanoparticles application in the treatment of various diseases, for example, for targeted drug delivery, wound healing, bone regeneration, local heating of tumors in cancer pathology, immune system stimulation, for antibodies, viruses, bacteria detection, for liquids filtration. Penicillins and their producers — Penicillium sp. characteristic is done. The mechanism of penicillin antimicrobial action is estimated. It is revealed that silver nanoparticles usage in combination with antibiotics, particularly penicillin, leads to antibiotics antibacterial activity increasing against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

68-73

Authors: Е. А. Kiprianova, L. D. Varbanets, V. V. Shepelevich, S. I. Voichuk

Lipopolysaccharides and their fractions were obtained from strains Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens UCM В-111 and UCM В-306 — components of insectofungicidal gaupsin biopreparation; their activity against tobacco mosaic virus has been studied. Lipopolysaccharides of strains В-111 and В-306 proved to be highly active antiviral agents and inhibited tobacco mosaic virus infectivity for three species of indicating plants in concentrations 0,001–10 mg/ml. First lipopolysaccharides fraction (O-specific side chains) did not inhibit and often stimulated the virus reproduction. At the same time the core oligosaccharides (the second and the third lipopolysaccharides fractions) decreased to different extent the virus infection development. According to electron microscopy data the virions sticked together forming the sneafs at the direct lipopolysaccharides-virus contact in vitro whereas the single free virus particles were observed in the control. Evidence of direct interaction between lipopolysaccharides of P. chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens strains and tobacco mosaic virus is provided.

80-84

Authors: E. A. Shesterenko, I. I. Romanovska, O. V. Sevastyanov, E. A. Semenishina V. I. Pavlovsky, S. A. Andronati

The synthesis of new series of 7-bromo-5-aryl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzdiazepine-2-one derivatives, containing in the tree position phthalimidoacyl and hexylacyl fragments was accomplished. The structure of new compounds was proved by mass-spectrometry and PMRspectroscopy methods. For the first time, hydrolysis of the earlier synthesized 3-hydroxy-7-bromo-5-aryl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzdiazepine-2-one esters, potential anxiolytic and hypnotic means, catalyzed by carboxyl esterase in composition of pig liver microsomal fraction was studied. The quantitative inhibition of pig liver microsomal fraction esterase activity in the presence of carboxyl esterase selective inhibitor di-(pnitrophenyl)-phosphate was shown. The nonlinear dependence both of hydrolysis degree with acyl moiety length in 3-acyloxy-7-bromo-5-aryl-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzdiazepine-2-ones and decreased substrate transformation degree after substituent introduction in the first position of molecule was established. For the derivatives with phthalimidoacyl and hexylacyl-mo ie ties in the molecule 3 position it was shown, that increasing of CH2-groups number in this substituents and incorporation of chlorine atom in o-position of phenyl ring bring to increasing of hydrolysis degree.

92-96

Authors: E. V. Greek, E. A. Krasulya, E. A. Tigunova

The main parameters of fermentation of whey-malt wort with the use of different strains of lactose-fermentation yeast was investigated experimentally. According to the findings of investigation of fermentive activity for different types of lactose-fermentation microorganisms in whey-malt wort it was found that the most active spirituous fermentation for all parameters was in wort fermented by microorganisms Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K and Saccharomyces lactis 95. High capacity for utilization of malt carbohydrates represented by easily metabolized carbohydrates of malt extract was determined. Also organoleptic analysis of fermented whey drinks derived from the renewed mixtures of dry whey and fermented malt and yeast Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K and Saccharomyces lactis 95 was carried out. It was found that the drink fermented with yeast Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K had intense refreshing flavor of rye bread with fruit tones. Intensity growth of aromatization for complex of sample with microorganisms Saccharomyces lactis 95, indicating high organoleptic indexes of the drink was observed.

107-114

Authors: К. G. Dreval, M. I. Boyko

Adsorption of cellulases on substrate taking place during the cultivation process was determined. Adsorbed enzymes can be eluted by buffer solution with high ionic strength, but for determine their activity they should be transferred into the aqueous solution. On the basis of the results a method for obtaining of cellulases preparations from cultural liquids of basidiomycetes was developed. This method is the elution of cellulases from the cultivation substrate of basidiomycetes. It was found that using of the last allows to obtain enzymatic preparations with a high degree of purification in 3 stages (salting out of proteins — dialysis — gelchromatography). Cellulase preparations received original products of basidiomycetes strains К-1, А-Дон-02, Д-1 Irpex lacteus and AnSc-1 Daedaleopsis confragosa f. confragosa were obtained. They contained different proteins, enzymes with specific peaks out of column and their activity. However, common to them was a distinct maximum of outing from the column by endoglucanases or cellobiases, which may indicate that the studied cellulolytic complexes of basidiomycetes do not contain multiple forms of cellulases with different molecular mass. This method allowed to obtain preparations with different degree of purification in comparing with the original culture filtrate 7,3 for endoglucanase and 33,3 for cellobiase of strain А-Дон-02 I. lacteus; 13,1 for endoglucanase and 25,5 for cellobiase of strain Д-1 I. lacteus; 29,9 for endoglucanase and 90,1 for cellobiase of strain К-1 I. lacteus; 2,1 for endoglucanase and 30,6 for cellobiase of strain AnSc-1 D. confragosa f. confragosa.

121-127

Authors: L. V. Gorbunov, I. V. Petrov

Optimal cryopreservation parameters were determined for the berry-like crop cuttings: blackcurrant (Dachnica, Yuviley, Sofiivska, Kitayskaya); redcurrant (Kitaivska, Djoker, Svyatkova); gooseberries (Krasen, Malachite, Kolobok); raspberries (Novost’ Kuz’mina, Struyka, Skromnica). This procedure allowed increasing viability of deconservation samples in 2–5 times compared to the existing methods of cryopreservation. Maximal values of cutting viability were obtained after their temperature adaptation at –10 °C during 14–60 days, stepwise cooling of the samples with 0.1–0.5 °C/hr rate down to –30 °C (exposure 3–7 days), direct plunging into liquid nitrogen, storage from 1 to 30 days and thawing rate of 70 °C/min. It was found that the in the region of allowable values for maximum viability of investigated birch (control) cuttings humidity values correspond 32±40%, for blackcurrant are 40±50%, and raspberries 37±40 % in affirmative temperature span and 14±28 %, 30±40 %, 20±23 % in below zero. Using dispersion analysis it has been established that the development probability of frozenthawed plant cuttings significantly depends on the selected cultivar and cryopreservation method. It is noted that the force of influence η2А, due to the individual properties of the studied cultivars of berries, is comparable to that of the force of influence η2В of cryopreservation procedures. The differences of average indexes of viability of the studied cultivars were showed within a single species. It was found that these rates are different for black currant by 92%, redcurrant — 54%, gooseberries — 48%, raspberries — 70%. Using paired Student’s t-test has reduced to 3 times the error of representativeness of the sample that enabled to improve the reliability of the significance of differences compared to the values of the P ≥0,99. Selection of the cuttings’ cultivars and cryopreservation method significantly affect the reproducibility of experimental results. The analysis of reproducibility of indexes of viability of the studied cuttings held by the coefficient of variation, showed that during the cryopreservation this value is changed to blackcurrant cultivars from 5 to 91%, redcurrant — 9–137%, gooseberries, 22–74%, raspberry 18–105%.