Tecnura

17-41

Authors: Fernando Luis Castro Echavez, Jairo Rafael Rosado Vega, Elín Raquel Márquez Gulloso

Context: The Navío Quebrao lagoon (NQL) has always played an important role in the economy of the indigenous communities in its surroundings. However, in recent years, the tributaries to the lagoon have been notably impacted by climatic variability and logging activities, therefore clogging the lagoon and causing the loss of depth, which increases the temperature and salinity. In three months, 80% of the lagoon dries out, causing the mortality of most of the species inhabiting it. This phenomenon is known as the Cachirra event. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the incidence of environmental, biological, amd fishing factors in the formation and mortality of the Cachirra event.. Methodology: We collected samples from fishing nets used by the fishermen of the arranchaderos community. IDEAM provided 2017 climatologic data. Physicochemical variables were measured with a Spectroquant SQ 118 and other direct measurement electronic devices. The R statistical software version 3.2.2 was used to analyze the data and their relationships. Results: The results showed that 12 species are involved in the formation of the Cachirra event, predominantly the Mugilidae family. Salinity was the physicochemical variable that predominantly affected the mortality of the species -October (6,0 ± 0,6 UPS) and March (67,4 ± 1,36 UPS). Conclusions: Fish die according to their susceptibility to salinity changes, with Cathrorops spixii and Eugerres plumieri being the most susceptible species and Elops saurus and Mugil liza the most resistant. The species present in the NQL have lengths well below commercial significance and different condition factor and repletion index values before and after the Cachirra event. Funding: Universidad de La Guajira

59-77

Authors: Mónica Patricia Vargas Guarnizo, Luz Esperanza Bohórquez Arévalo

Context: Thomas Malone defined collective intelligence at the opening of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence in 2006 as "groups of people who collectively do things that appear intelligent" (Glenn 2015). The center indicates that its mission is to investigate How can people connect? so that, collectively, they act smarter than individuals individually. This research designed a multiagent simulation model whose objective was to represent the collective intelligence (CI) genome proposed by (Malone et al. 2010), in an environment with emergent situations in which a hierarchical organization coexists, in order to explore different configurations of external variables. and internal to organizations that allow maximizing the use of resources. Methodology: A multiagent simulation model is proposed that includes stochastic elements to model the behavior of agents and their interactions, which are not known exactly. The proposed methodology presents five stages: 1) conceptualization, 2) definition of requirements, 3) analysis and design, 4) coding, and 5) testing and validation. For the verification, tuning and validation process of the simulation model designed, two of the genomes documented by (Malone et al. 2010) were represented in the Wikipedia case. The first corresponds to the edition of individual articles, this genome was used to adjust the variables that intervene in the model in order to maximize the use of resources in organizations; the second genome corresponds to how an article is included in the general collection of Wikipedia, this case was used to determine the degree to which the simulation model designed corresponds to the representation of the methodological model proposed by (Malone et al. 2010). Results: Considering that the Wikipedia cases documented by (Malone et al. 2010) are theoretical cases, it was defined that the situation to be analyzed in the contrasting of the methodological model with the designed simulation model was the intelligent collective behavior in the organization that contained the genome of CI, this in terms of making better use of available resources to take advantage of ideas-opportunities or mitigate threats. From the tests carried out to determine the degree of correspondence between the models, it was evidenced that in 70% of them the percentage of use and mitigation was above 50%, hence it was concluded that the simulation model designed corresponded to the representation of the methodological model of the CI genome proposed by (Malone et al. 2010), in accordance with the business case studies. Conclusions: The simulation model designed contributes to the understanding of the methodological model and to the exploration of different configurations of the CI genome that allow to evaluate characteristics that the intelligent behavior of a business organization grants.

103-113

Authors: Raúl Martelo Gómez, Paulo Oyola Quitero, David Franco Borré

Context: Cartagena de Indias is one of the destinations where there is economic potential due to the tourist attractions that characterize it such as Las Murallas, and its port. The above serves as the basis for the operation of different tourist companies where tours are carried out and the guide is highlighted as a base to carry out these activities. However, there are difficulties in tourist companies in this city when providing the service because the guides are independent workers who can select the company that best suits them to work without the need to be formally linked, therefore, a case may arise of immediacy where a tour is required, but the trusted guide who is usually contacted is not available. In this way, the objective of this research was to select competent tourist guides to carry out tours in cases of immediacy presented in agencies of Cartagena de Indias. Methodology: The research was of a mixed type with a sequential exploratory design, where the interview technique was applied to obtain direct information from employees who work in tourism companies located in Cartagena de Indias and the bibliographic review technique in order to obtain literary references that provide relevant information on the topic addressed in this research. The foregoing served as a basis to correctly apply the Ideas Assessment Matrix technique and determine competent tourist guides to carry out tours in cases of immediacy presented at agencies of Cartagena de Indias. Results: The appropriate tour guide was obtained to carry out the tour in case of immediacy, which has different advantages such as the knowledge of different languages and the adequate handling of the guide techniques. Conclusions: The application of the Ideas Assessment Matrix technique allowed determining competent tourist guides to carry out tours in cases of immediacy presented at agencies of Cartagena de Indias.

147-166

Authors: ivan andres padilla escorcia, Robinson Junior Conde Carmona , Teremy Tovar Ortega

Objective: To characterize the technological resources used by 10 professors who teach mathematics in industrial engineering and mechatronics programs at a Higher Education Institution (IES) in Barranquilla-Colombia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This research was carried out under a qualitative approach and descriptive design, it was based on the subdomains technological knowledge of the content, technological knowledge and pedagogical technological knowledge of the teacher proposed in the TPACK model. Information was collected using instruments validated by the Delphi method such as virtual interviews and telephone calls. Next, aspects that gather the teacher's practice with respect to the use of technological resources used, knowledge and training of virtual education were transcribed in detail. Results: Significant findings were the reluctance to use technologies by the participants, little use of blackboards such as Idroop and Openboard, little training in specialized mathematics software such as GeoGebra, Geo TIC, Cabri, Matlab, among others. What limited the teaching process of the subjects (calculus I, calculus II, linear algebra, differential equations and numerical methods). Conclusion: It was concluded that due to the scarce interaction of teachers and students and that it led to the little pedagogical connotation that they attribute to the use of technological resources in their classes.

185-208

Authors: Johanna Catalina Adan Gallo, Laura Alejandra Munar López, Gustavo Andrés Romero Duque, Aldemar Gordillo Galeano

Context: SMEs represent approximately 50% of world GDP and due to the Covid-19 pandemic, they have been severely affected. This document provides an overview of the factors that affected the economy of SMEs and presents some solutions to maintain their operation in times of difficulties. Methodology: The elaboration of the manuscript is supported in relevant literature published between 2019-2021. The search strategy was applied through the databases EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCES, SCOPUS under key search terms COVID-19, pandemic, small enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, global economic, economic growth, developing countries, emerging economies, economic impact, financial fragility, government action*, credit risk, travel restriction*, e-commerce, digital technologie*, digital transformation, emerging market*, supply chain*, small business. Subsequently, the document classification and analysis were carried out through the Raceer method (compilation, storage, conceptual schematic elaboration, link of informative units, writing). Results: The analysis of the relevant information revealed that the economy of SMEs played an important role in the sharp drop in GDP and in the increase in poverty and unemployment levels worldwide, and that those that wanted to remain in operation, they had to reinvent themselves and dabble in new business strategies. Conclusions: The pandemic generated by Covid-19 produced significant changes in purchasing habits, manufacturing methods and ways of working that seriously impacted the performance of SMEs. To deal with this new economic scenario, technology and innovation are expected to lead to new rapidly adapting business models.