Tecnura

15-27

Authors: Paula Garcia-Benitez, Carlos Hildebrando Fonseca Zárate, Juan Carlos García Ubaque

Context: There is a growing concern with the economic consumption and unlimited accumulation model because improvement in some parameters implies that others are negatively affected. There is a need for more intellectual wealth, not only oriented towards the market, but also towards engineering and technology. Methodology: To measure natural/environmental, human, intellectual, public/institutional, and private wealth, the basic results of the Índice de desarrollo territorial sustentable (IDTS, spanish acronyms) are used, which is formed by 60 variables. With data from the 2000-2010 period, the relationship between the 5 types of wealth and sustainability is analyzed using principal component analysis. Results: At the municipal and departmental levels, the direction of the natural and environmental wealth was found to be opposite direction to the other four. The distance between the different types of wealth ended up being important, and it increases with the IDTS. Conclusions: The development model followed by Colombia is negatively affecting the natural and environmental wealth and as so is unsustainable. Neither research nor innovation are making adequate use of the natural resources at municipal level, and autonomous regional corporations may be ineffective against the inadequate use of this wealth. It is imperative to modify this exploitation model and reduce the distance between the five types of wealth. Although it is necessary to adopt and develop engineering and technology adequate to biodiversity and tropical geography, this is not enough; substantial social and institutional innovation are also needed in the face of a complex, uncertain, and dizzying technological reality, which is also inequitable at the social and interregional scale. Financing: This project was self-funded.

43-62

Authors: Fabián Dario Cuadros Segura, Alvaro Javier Moyano Salcedo, Adrian Mateo Pabon Laverde, Jassbleydi Valentina Trujillo Arias

Contexto: La conformación de conglomerados habitacionales ilegales, en la mayoría de los casos, sin saneamiento básico adecuado, puede generar deterioro de los recursos naturales. El presente estudio evaluó el impacto ambiental asociado al vertimiento de aguas servidas urbanas (ASU) sobre suelos y cuerpos de agua, en un aglomerado urbano ilegal del municipio de Villavicencio. Metodología: A partir de 15 puntos de muestreo se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos de agua: serie de sólidos, turbiedad, color, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), oxígeno disuelto (OD); y de suelo: pH, CE, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y concentración de C, N y elementos traza, para identificar impactos sobre los recursos en el área de estudio. Resultados: Las muestras de ASU presentaron valores elevados en parámetros como turbiedad (326 NTU), color (744 UPC) y DQO bruta (600 a 1500 mg l-1). En los análisis de cuerpos de agua aledaños al sector, la DQO varió entre 368 y 429 mg l-1. Asimismo, el OD osciló entre 5,7 y 7,1 mg l-1, valores que resultaron favorables para los cauces; sin embargo, fueron bajos para el ASU (0,9 mg l-1). Por su parte, se determinó una alteración significativa en propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo como pH (5,8-8,2), CIC (8,2-16,78 mEq-g 100 g-1), CE (57,6-517,3 µS cm-1) y N (0,03-0,84 mg kg-1) asociadas principalmente a los vertimientos. Conclusiones: Fue posible identificar un efecto negativo en los recursos agua y suelo, generado por descargas descontroladas de ASU en el lugar, lo cual se encuentra relacionado una pérdida de servicios ambientales y baja calidad de vida.

79-83

Authors: Nevis Balanta Castilla, Luisa Stella Paz Montes, David Navarro Mejía

Objective: To study corporate celebrations are spaces of inclusion that allow the cultural, personal, and behavioral encounter of the people who make up an organization, which has positive consequences on the productivity of human teams in companies in the short, medium, and long term. Methodology: This research is descriptive, that is, the importance of corporate celebrations in organizations and its relationship to productivity in Colombia is disclosed. The population under study corresponds to workers in medium and large companies, regardless of type and sector. The sample was random; for to the selected companies, all or most of the employees were surveyed. Some of the characterization variables considered were age, gender, seniority, role, position, religious orientation, ethnic group, regional origin, symbols, business culture, and productivity. Data collection was carried out through digital surveys. Results and conclusions: This research revealed that workers in Colombian companies not only need economic remuneration to have better productivity, but also motivation and the strengthening of social interactions arising from corporate celebrations, which strengthen the identity, stability, and positioning of organizations.

105-124

Authors: Edward Leonardo Tovar Romero, Jorge Alberto Valero Fandiño, Leonardo Cepeda Ariza

Context: Operational and/or structural failures in sewer networks lead network operators to carry out rehabilitation tasks to maintain water transport conditions, which is why it is necessary to decide on the type of intervention to be performed, that is, i) a traditional open-ditch procedure, or ii) the use of trenchless rehabilitation technologies. Objective: This article focuses on the methodology developed and implemented in the SELECTOR program, whose purpose is to provide public service companies responsible for sewer service, as well as related professionals, with a decision tool that answers, from a technical perspective, which of the analyzed trenchless rehabilitation technologies (pipe bursting, cured in-place pipe, slip lining, and spiral wound) is the most suitable for therehabilitation of sewer networks. Method: To this effect, it is necessary to consider all the influence parameters at the time of sewer rehabilitation, define the application ranges of these trenchless technologies, extract the differential variables, use fuzzy logic verbalization, determine the priority and relationship between the variables using the data mining technique known as decision trees, and develop the SELECTOR program by means of the Visual Studio 2017® platform. Results: The differential variables for decisions regarding the application of trenchless rehabilitation technologies in underground sewerage infrastructure projects were identified. A graphic summary of the decision model was made using the verbalization diagrams and the SELECTOR program, which allows processing the information of the sewerage networks individually and for a whole sewer rehabilitation project, detailing the intervention collector to collector. Conclusions: There are eight differential variables when deciding on sewer rehabilitation. Verbalization diagrams allow to compress the decision model and facilitate its programming, and automated decision models increase effectiveness and transparency in construction processes.

140-164

Authors: Edwin Garcia Aristizabal; Sebastián Sepúlveda Cano; Carlos Alberto Vega Posada

Contexto: En los últimos años, la comunidad científica ha discutido la posibilidad y la efectividad de disminuir el grado de saturación del suelo como una medida para mejorar la resistencia mecánica de las arenas saturadas licuables. Por esta razón, se han propuesto y probado varias metodologías para introducir burbujas de gas en el suelo. Además, es bien sabido que la disminución del grado de saturación del suelo, al inducir una pequeña cantidad de aire, restringe el desarrollo de exceso de presión de poros y aumenta significativamente su resistencia cíclica. Método: Se proporciona una visión general de la tecnología de inyección de aire para inducir un grado de saturación parcial, mediante la selección de algunos artículos de alta calidad y la revisión literaria sistemática. Asimismo, se desarrolla un modelo de flujo multifásico y se lleva a cabo un análisis numérico para describir la evolución, en el tiempo y en el espacio, de la desaturación del suelo, para lo cual se investiga numéricamente la longitud del avance del frente de aire durante la inyección. Resultados: Se reconoce hacia dónde se dirige la investigación futura relacionada con la inyección de aire, como medida de mejoramiento de suelos arenosos licuables. Además, se entrega un estudio paramétrico transitorio evaluando la permeabilidad del suelo, inyectabilidad de aire, presiones de inyección, y radio de desaturación de la región de interés. Conclusiones: El trabajo destaca hallazgos e identifica enfoques de investigadores, mediante observaciones, para lo cual se reconocen limitaciones y lagunas de conocimiento. Finalmente, los resultados numéricos indican que la evolución de la desaturación está controlada activamente por la presión de inyección de aire y la permeabilidad del suelo.